{"id":12178,"date":"2019-09-27T20:50:26","date_gmt":"2019-09-27T20:50:26","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/?p=12178"},"modified":"2019-09-27T20:50:26","modified_gmt":"2019-09-27T20:50:26","slug":"screaming-volcanoes-unraveling-the-mysteries-of-volcanic-noises","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/science\/earth-science\/screaming-volcanoes-unraveling-the-mysteries-of-volcanic-noises\/","title":{"rendered":"Nh\u1eefng ng\u1ecdn n\u00fai l\u1eeda g\u00e0o th\u00e9t: H\u00e9 l\u1ed9 nh\u1eefng b\u00ed \u1ea9n v\u1ec1 \u00e2m thanh n\u00fai l\u1eeda"},"content":{"rendered":"<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Nh\u1eefng ng\u1ecdn n\u00fai l\u1eeda g\u00e0o th\u00e9t: H\u00e9 l\u1ed9 nh\u1eefng b\u00ed \u1ea9n v\u1ec1 \u00e2m thanh n\u00fai l\u1eeda<\/h2>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">M\u1edf \u0111\u1ea7u<\/h2>\n\n<p>Nh\u1eefng ng\u1ecdn n\u00fai l\u1eeda, nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u1ed5ng l\u1ed3 uy nghi c\u1ee7a t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean, th\u01b0\u1eddng g\u1eafn li\u1ec1n v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ee3t phun tr\u00e0o d\u1eef d\u1ed9i v\u00e0 d\u00f2ng dung nham n\u00f3ng ch\u1ea3y. Tuy nhi\u00ean, m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 ng\u1ecdn n\u00fai l\u1eeda l\u1ea1i s\u1edf h\u1eefu m\u1ed9t b\u00ed m\u1eadt k\u1ef3 l\u1ea1: ch\u00fang c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ph\u00e1t ra nh\u1eefng \u00e2m thanh r\u00f9ng r\u1ee3n nh\u01b0 ti\u1ebfng \u1ea5m tr\u00e0 \u0111ang s\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi phun tr\u00e0o. C\u00e1c nh\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc \u0111\u00e3 g\u1ecdi hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng n\u00e0y l\u00e0 &#8220;rung \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u00e0i&#8221;.<\/p>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Rung \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u00e0i: D\u1ea5u hi\u1ec7u b\u00e1o tr\u01b0\u1edbc c\u1ee7a phun tr\u00e0o<\/h2>\n\n<p>N\u0103m 2009, c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ee9ng ki\u1ebfn m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n \u0111\u00e1ng ch\u00fa \u00fd t\u1ea1i N\u00fai l\u1eeda Redoubt \u1edf Alaska. H\u1ecd \u0111\u00e3 ghi l\u1ea1i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ed9t rung \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u00e0i, m\u1ed9t \u00e2m thanh cao li\u00ean t\u1ee5c ph\u00e1t ra t\u1eeb n\u00fai l\u1eeda tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi phun tr\u00e0o. B\u1ea3n ghi \u00e2m n\u00e0y, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00f4 \u0111\u1ecdng trong 10 gi\u00e2y, \u0111\u00e3 ghi l\u1ea1i ti\u1ebfng r\u00edt ch\u00f3i tai c\u1ee7a n\u00fai l\u1eeda khi chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb gi\u1ea3i ph\u00f3ng c\u01a1n th\u1ecbnh n\u1ed9 d\u1eef d\u1ed9i c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh.<\/p>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Ti\u1ebfng tr\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ea5t: L\u1eddi c\u1ea3nh b\u00e1o c\u00f3 nh\u1ecbp \u0111i\u1ec7u<\/h2>\n\n<p>C\u00f9ng v\u1edbi rung \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u00e0i, c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc c\u0169ng ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n ra m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1t c\u00e1c tr\u1eadn \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ea5t \u1ea7m \u1ea7m tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi phun tr\u00e0o. B\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch t\u0103ng t\u1ed1c b\u1ea3n ghi, h\u1ecd \u0111\u00e3 bi\u1ebfn m\u1ed7i tr\u1eadn \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ea5t th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t nh\u1ecbp tr\u1ed1ng ri\u00eang bi\u1ec7t, t\u1ea1o n\u00ean m\u1ed9t b\u1ea3n giao h\u01b0\u1edfng m\u00ea ho\u1eb7c c\u00f3 nh\u1ecbp \u0111\u1ed9 t\u0103ng d\u1ea7n khi \u0111\u1ee3t phun tr\u00e0o \u0111\u1ebfn g\u1ea7n.<\/p>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">B\u00ed \u1ea9n v\u1ec1 ti\u1ebfng \u1ed3n c\u1ee7a n\u00fai l\u1eeda<\/h2>\n\n<p>Ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng ti\u1ebfng \u1ed3n n\u00fai l\u1eeda n\u00e0y v\u1eabn l\u00e0 ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec1 tranh lu\u1eadn khoa h\u1ecdc. Theo c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u t\u1ea1i \u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc Washington, nh\u1eefng \u00e2m thanh n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 b\u1eaft ngu\u1ed3n t\u1eeb m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 c\u01a1 ch\u1ebf:<\/p>\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>C\u1ed9ng h\u01b0\u1edfng magma:<\/strong> Khi magma, h\u1ed7n h\u1ee3p n\u00f3ng ch\u1ea3y c\u1ee7a \u0111\u00e1, kho\u00e1ng ch\u1ea5t v\u00e0 kh\u00ed, b\u1ed1c l\u00ean qua c\u00e1c v\u1ebft n\u1ee9t h\u1eb9p trong l\u1edbp v\u1ecf Tr\u00e1i \u0111\u1ea5t, n\u00f3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u1ed9ng h\u01b0\u1edfng, t\u1ea1o ra \u00e2m thanh vo vo.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a magma:<\/strong> M\u1ed9t gi\u1ea3 thuy\u1ebft kh\u00e1c cho r\u1eb1ng rung \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u00e0i v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ea5t x\u1ea3y ra khi magma b\u1ecb \u0111\u1ea9y qua m\u1ed9t \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u1ed1ng b\u1ecb thu h\u1eb9p d\u01b0\u1edbi \u00e1p l\u1ef1c r\u1ea5t l\u1edbn. Khi magma b\u00e1m v\u00e0o th\u00e0nh \u1ed1ng, n\u00f3 li\u00ean t\u1ee5c v\u1ee1 ra, t\u1ea1o ra m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1t c\u00e1c tr\u1eadn \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ea5t nh\u1ecf. Khi c\u00e1c tr\u1eadn \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ea5t x\u1ea3y ra nhanh ch\u00f3ng, ch\u00fang s\u1ebd h\u1ee3p nh\u1ea5t th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t \u00e2m thanh li\u00ean t\u1ee5c.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">H\u00e9 l\u1ed9 b\u00ed m\u1eadt c\u1ee7a \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u1ed1ng<\/h2>\n\n<p>Paige Hotovec-Ellis, m\u1ed9t nh\u00e0 n\u00fai l\u1eeda h\u1ecdc, tin r\u1eb1ng rung \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u00e0i v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ea5t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c quan s\u00e1t th\u1ea5y \u1edf N\u00fai l\u1eeda Redoubt ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu do chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a magma b\u00ean trong m\u1ed9t \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u1ed1ng h\u1eb9p. B\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0a ra gi\u1ea3 thuy\u1ebft r\u1eb1ng magma d\u00e0y b\u00e1m v\u00e0o th\u00e0nh \u1ed1ng, \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi \u00e1p l\u1ef1c \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea9y n\u00f3 l\u00ean tr\u00ean. M\u1ed7i l\u1ea7n magma di chuy\u1ec3n, n\u00f3 s\u1ebd g\u00e2y ra m\u1ed9t tr\u1eadn \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ea5t nh\u1ecf, v\u1edbi t\u1ea7n su\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ea5t ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng t\u0103ng cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng t\u1ea1o ra rung \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u00e0i.<\/p>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">K\u1ebft lu\u1eadn<\/h2>\n\n<p>Nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u v\u1ec1 ti\u1ebfng \u1ed3n c\u1ee7a n\u00fai l\u1eeda cung c\u1ea5p nh\u1eefng hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb v\u1ec1 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng b\u00ean trong c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng g\u00e3 kh\u1ed5ng l\u1ed3 \u0111\u1ecba ch\u1ea5t n\u00e0y. B\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch gi\u1ea3i m\u00e3 nh\u1eefng b\u00ed \u1ea9n v\u1ec1 rung \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u00e0i v\u00e0 ti\u1ebfng tr\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ea5t, c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc hi\u1ec3u r\u00f5 h\u01a1n v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn phun tr\u00e0o n\u00fai l\u1eeda. Ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c n\u00e0y r\u1ea5t quan tr\u1ecdng \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng c\u1ea3nh b\u00e1o s\u1edbm v\u00e0 gi\u1ea3m thi\u1ec3u r\u1ee7i ro li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng n\u00fai l\u1eeda. Khi nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c, ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 mong \u0111\u1ee3i kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 ra nhi\u1ec1u b\u00ed m\u1eadt h\u01a1n n\u1eefa \u1ea9n s\u00e2u b\u00ean trong nh\u1eefng k\u1ef3 quan thi\u00ean nhi\u00ean h\u1ea5p d\u1eabn n\u00e0y.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Nh\u1eefng ng\u1ecdn n\u00fai l\u1eeda g\u00e0o th\u00e9t: H\u00e9 l\u1ed9 nh\u1eefng b\u00ed \u1ea9n v\u1ec1 \u00e2m thanh n\u00fai l\u1eeda M\u1edf \u0111\u1ea7u Nh\u1eefng ng\u1ecdn n\u00fai l\u1eeda, nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u1ed5ng l\u1ed3 uy nghi c\u1ee7a t\u1ef1&hellip;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":6,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[212],"tags":[342,572,568,7435,16449,16452,16451,16450],"class_list":["post-12178","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-earth-science","tag-life-science","tag-earth-science","tag-volcanoes","tag-volcanic-eruptions","tag-harmonic-tremors","tag-magma-movement","tag-volcanic-noises","tag-earthquake-drumbeats"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/12178","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/6"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=12178"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/12178\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":12179,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/12178\/revisions\/12179"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=12178"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=12178"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=12178"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}