{"id":12182,"date":"2022-09-14T15:16:04","date_gmt":"2022-09-14T15:16:04","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/?p=12182"},"modified":"2022-09-14T15:16:04","modified_gmt":"2022-09-14T15:16:04","slug":"rachel-carson-pioneer-in-environmentalism","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/science\/environmental-science\/rachel-carson-pioneer-in-environmentalism\/","title":{"rendered":"Rachel Carson: A Pioneer in Environmentalism | Science, Writing, and Advocacy"},"content":{"rendered":"

Rachel Carson: Ng\u01b0\u1eddi ti\u00ean phong trong l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng<\/h2>\n\n

Th\u1eddi th\u01a1 \u1ea5u v\u00e0 qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh h\u1ecdc t\u1eadp<\/h2>\n\n

Rachel Carson sinh n\u0103m 1907 t\u1ea1i Springdale, Pennsylvania. Ngay t\u1eeb khi c\u00f2n nh\u1ecf, b\u00e0 \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ecb th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean quy\u1ebfn r\u0169, d\u00e0nh v\u00f4 s\u1ed1 th\u1eddi gian \u0111\u1ec3 kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 nh\u1eefng khu r\u1eebng v\u00e0 c\u00e1nh \u0111\u1ed3ng g\u1ea7n nh\u00e0. B\u00e0 c\u0169ng th\u00edch vi\u1ebft l\u00e1ch v\u00e0 m\u01a1 \u01b0\u1edbc tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t nh\u00e0 v\u0103n.<\/p>\n\n

Carson theo h\u1ecdc t\u1ea1i tr\u01b0\u1eddng Cao \u0111\u1eb3ng d\u00e0nh cho n\u1eef Pennsylvania, chuy\u00ean ng\u00e0nh sinh h\u1ecdc. Sau \u0111\u00f3, b\u00e0 ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c l\u1ea5y b\u1eb1ng th\u1ea1c s\u0129 v\u1ec1 ng\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u1eadt h\u1ecdc t\u1ea1i \u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc Johns Hopkins. Sau khi t\u1ed1t nghi\u1ec7p, b\u00e0 l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c v\u1edbi t\u01b0 c\u00e1ch l\u00e0 nh\u00e0 sinh v\u1eadt h\u1ecdc bi\u1ec3n cho C\u1ee5c Th\u1ee7y s\u1ea3n Hoa K\u1ef3.<\/p>\n\n

S\u1ef1 nghi\u1ec7p vi\u1ebft l\u00e1ch<\/h2>\n\n

N\u0103m 1951, Carson xu\u1ea5t b\u1ea3n cu\u1ed1n s\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh, “Bi\u1ec3n c\u1ea3 quanh ta”. Cu\u1ed1n s\u00e1ch \u0111\u00e3 th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng vang d\u1ed9i v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0a Carson tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh ti\u1ebfng n\u00f3i h\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ea7u trong l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c khoa h\u1ecdc bi\u1ec3n. B\u00e0 ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c cho ra m\u1eaft m\u1ed9t cu\u1ed1n s\u00e1ch b\u00e1n ch\u1ea1y kh\u00e1c, “B\u1edd bi\u1ec3n”, v\u00e0o n\u0103m 1955.<\/p>\n\n

C\u00e1ch vi\u1ebft c\u1ee7a Carson r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng, s\u00fac t\u00edch v\u00e0 h\u1ea5p d\u1eabn. B\u00e0 c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch c\u00e1c kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m khoa h\u1ecdc ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p theo c\u00e1ch d\u1ec5 hi\u1ec3u \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00f4ng ch\u00fang. Nh\u1eefng cu\u1ed1n s\u00e1ch c\u1ee7a b\u00e0 \u0111\u00e3 gi\u00fap n\u00e2ng cao nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c v\u1ec1 t\u1ea7m quan tr\u1ecdng c\u1ee7a vi\u1ec7c b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng.<\/p>\n\n

Ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng<\/h2>\n\n

V\u00e0o nh\u1eefng n\u0103m 1950, Carson ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng lo ng\u1ea1i v\u1ec1 nh\u1eefng m\u1ed1i nguy hi\u1ec3m c\u1ee7a thu\u1ed1c tr\u1eeb s\u00e2u. B\u00e0 b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u v\u1ec1 ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec1 n\u00e0y v\u00e0 v\u00e0o n\u0103m 1962, b\u00e0 \u0111\u00e3 xu\u1ea5t b\u1ea3n cu\u1ed1n s\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ed9t ph\u00e1 c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh, “M\u00f9a xu\u00e2n im l\u1eb7ng”.<\/p>\n\n

“M\u00f9a xu\u00e2n im l\u1eb7ng” ghi l\u1ea1i nh\u1eefng t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u00e0n ph\u00e1 c\u1ee7a thu\u1ed1c tr\u1eeb s\u00e2u \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u1eadt hoang d\u00e3 v\u00e0 s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe con ng\u01b0\u1eddi. Cu\u1ed1n s\u00e1ch nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t l\u1eddi c\u1ea3nh t\u1ec9nh cho c\u1ea3 n\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e3 g\u00f3p ph\u1ea7n kh\u1edfi x\u01b0\u1edbng phong tr\u00e0o b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i.<\/p>\n\n

Nh\u1eefng ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a Carson \u0111\u00f3ng vai tr\u00f2 quan tr\u1ecdng trong vi\u1ec7c th\u00f4ng qua \u0110\u1ea1o lu\u1eadt Kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed s\u1ea1ch, \u0110\u1ea1o lu\u1eadt N\u01b0\u1edbc s\u1ea1ch v\u00e0 \u0110\u1ea1o lu\u1eadt v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c lo\u00e0i c\u00f3 nguy c\u01a1 tuy\u1ec7t ch\u1ee7ng. B\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c coi l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng nh\u00e0 b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng quan tr\u1ecdng nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 20.<\/p>\n\n

Di s\u1ea3n<\/h2>\n\n

Rachel Carson qua \u0111\u1eddi v\u00ec b\u1ec7nh ung th\u01b0 v\u00e0o n\u0103m 1964, \u1edf tu\u1ed5i 56. Tuy nhi\u00ean, di s\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a b\u00e0 v\u1eabn ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c. B\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1edb \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi ti\u00ean phong trong l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a b\u00e0 v\u1eabn ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c truy\u1ec1n c\u1ea3m h\u1ee9ng cho m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi tr\u00ean kh\u1eafp th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 h\u00e0nh tinh c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta.<\/p>\n\n

Quan s\u00e1t k\u1ef9 h\u01a1n v\u1ec1 c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh c\u1ee7a Carson<\/h2>\n\n

C\u01a1 s\u1edf khoa h\u1ecdc<\/h3>\n\n

C\u00e1c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a Carson d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean c\u00e1c nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u khoa h\u1ecdc v\u1eefng ch\u1eafc. B\u00e0 \u0111\u00e3 d\u00e0nh nhi\u1ec1u n\u0103m \u0111\u1ec3 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a thu\u1ed1c tr\u1eeb s\u00e2u \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u1eadt hoang d\u00e3 v\u00e0 s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe con ng\u01b0\u1eddi. Nh\u1eefng ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a b\u00e0 \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00f4ng b\u1ed1 tr\u00ean c\u00e1c t\u1ea1p ch\u00ed khoa h\u1ecdc \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u00ecnh duy\u1ec7t v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nhi\u1ec1u nh\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc kh\u00e1c tr\u00edch d\u1eabn r\u1ed9ng r\u00e3i.<\/p>\n\n

Ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng<\/h3>\n\n

Nh\u1eefng ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a Carson \u0111\u00e3 gi\u00fap n\u00e2ng cao nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c v\u1ec1 t\u1ea7m quan tr\u1ecdng c\u1ee7a vi\u1ec7c b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng. B\u00e0 tin r\u1eb1ng con ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean cho c\u00e1c th\u1ebf h\u1ec7 t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai.<\/p>\n\n

Ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef trong l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng<\/h3>\n\n

Carson l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u1ecb th\u1ebf n\u1ed5i b\u1eadt trong l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng. Nh\u1eefng ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a b\u00e0 \u0111\u00e3 gi\u00fap m\u1edf \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng cho nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef kh\u00e1c tham gia v\u00e0o c\u00f4ng t\u00e1c b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng.<\/p>\n\n

K\u1ebft lu\u1eadn<\/h2>\n\n

Rachel Carson l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t nh\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc l\u1ed7i l\u1ea1c, m\u1ed9t nh\u00e0 v\u0103n t\u00e0i n\u0103ng v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u1ee7ng h\u1ed9 nhi\u1ec7t th\u00e0nh cho vi\u1ec7c b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng. Nh\u1eefng ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a b\u00e0 \u0111\u00e3 t\u1ea1o ra t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng s\u00e2u s\u1eafc \u0111\u1ebfn th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi v\u00e0 di s\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a b\u00e0 s\u1ebd ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c truy\u1ec1n c\u1ea3m h\u1ee9ng cho m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi trong nhi\u1ec1u th\u1ebf h\u1ec7 t\u1edbi.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Rachel Carson: Ng\u01b0\u1eddi ti\u00ean phong trong l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng Th\u1eddi th\u01a1 \u1ea5u v\u00e0 qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh h\u1ecdc t\u1eadp Rachel Carson sinh n\u0103m 1907 t\u1ea1i Springdale, Pennsylvania. Ngay t\u1eeb…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":6,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[38],"tags":[401,267,97,16456,740,252],"class_list":["post-12182","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-environmental-science","tag-conservation","tag-environmentalism","tag-science","tag-rachel-carson","tag-biology","tag-nature"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/12182","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/6"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=12182"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/12182\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":12183,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/12182\/revisions\/12183"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=12182"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=12182"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=12182"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}