{"id":12217,"date":"2022-11-10T00:34:39","date_gmt":"2022-11-10T00:34:39","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/?p=12217"},"modified":"2022-11-10T00:34:39","modified_gmt":"2022-11-10T00:34:39","slug":"museum-of-art-fakes-vienna-unveiling-the-world-of-forgery","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/art\/art-history\/museum-of-art-fakes-vienna-unveiling-the-world-of-forgery\/","title":{"rendered":"B\u1ea3o t\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ed3 gi\u1ea3 ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt Vienna: V\u00e9n m\u00e0n nh\u1eefng b\u1eadc th\u1ea7y l\u1eeba \u0111\u1ea3o"},"content":{"rendered":"<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi h\u1ea5p d\u1eabn c\u1ee7a B\u1ea3o t\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ed3 gi\u1ea3 ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt Vienna<\/h2>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">b\u1eadc th\u1ea7y l\u00e0m gi\u1ea3: Edgar Mrugalla<\/h2>\n\n<p>Edgar Mrugalla, m\u1ed9t ngh\u1ec7 s\u0129 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0110\u1ee9c c\u00f3 n\u0103ng khi\u1ebfu, l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t chuy\u00ean gia l\u00e0m gi\u1ea3 t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt, c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng sao ch\u00e9p kh\u00e9o l\u00e9o c\u00e1c t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng b\u1eadc th\u1ea7y n\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng nh\u01b0 Rembrandt, Picasso v\u00e0 Renoir. K\u1ef9 n\u0103ng t\u1ef1 h\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng \u0111\u00e3 mang l\u1ea1i cho \u00f4ng danh ti\u1ebfng c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 \u00e1n t\u00f9. Tuy nhi\u00ean, nh\u1eefng t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m l\u00e0m gi\u1ea3 \u0111\u00e1ng kinh ng\u1ea1c c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng sau n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh ngu\u1ed3n c\u1ea3m h\u1ee9ng cho B\u1ea3o t\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ed3 gi\u1ea3 ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt t\u1ea1i Vienna.<\/p>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">B\u1ea3o t\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ed3 gi\u1ea3 ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt: n\u01a1i tr\u01b0ng b\u00e0y s\u1ef1 l\u1eeba d\u1ed1i<\/h2>\n\n<p>\u0110\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp v\u00e0o n\u0103m 2005, B\u1ea3o t\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ed3 gi\u1ea3 ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt l\u00e0 n\u01a1i l\u01b0u gi\u1eef m\u1ed9t b\u1ed9 s\u01b0u t\u1eadp \u0111\u1ed9c \u0111\u00e1o g\u1ed3m c\u00e1c t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt l\u00e0m gi\u1ea3, nh\u1eb1m t\u00f4n vinh ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt l\u00e0m gi\u1ea3 v\u00e0 l\u1ecbch s\u1eed h\u1ea5p d\u1eabn c\u1ee7a n\u00f3. C\u00e1c v\u1eadt tr\u01b0ng b\u00e0y trong b\u1ea3o t\u00e0ng gi\u1edbi thi\u1ec7u c\u00e1c t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng k\u1ebb l\u00e0m gi\u1ea3 kh\u00e9t ti\u1ebfng nh\u01b0 Edgar Mrugalla, Tom Keating, Eric Hebborn v\u00e0 Han van Meegeren. M\u1ed7i k\u1ebb l\u00e0m gi\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 phong c\u00e1ch v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1 ri\u00eang, t\u1ea1o n\u00ean m\u1ed9t c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n h\u1ea5p d\u1eabn v\u1ec1 n\u1ea1n \u0111\u00e1nh c\u1eafp s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o v\u00e0 s\u1edf h\u1eefu tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7.<\/p>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">H\u00e9 l\u1ed9 th\u1ee7 thu\u1eadt c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng k\u1ebb l\u00e0m gi\u1ea3<\/h2>\n\n<p>Nh\u1eefng k\u1ebb l\u00e0m gi\u1ea3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1edbi thi\u1ec7u trong vi\u1ec7n b\u1ea3o t\u00e0ng \u0111\u00e3 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng nhi\u1ec1u ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p kh\u00e1c nhau \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o n\u00ean nh\u1eefng ki\u1ec7t t\u00e1c g\u00e2y hi\u1ec3u l\u1ea7m c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd. M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o ch\u00ednh quy, trong khi nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c l\u1ea1i t\u1ef1 h\u1ecdc, nh\u1edd c\u00f3 ni\u1ec1m \u0111am m\u00ea ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt m\u00e3nh li\u1ec7t. B\u1ea5t k\u1ec3 xu\u1ea5t th\u00e2n c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o, t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau chung: l\u1eeba d\u1ed1i th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt v\u00e0 ki\u1ebfm l\u1ee3i t\u1eeb nh\u1eefng b\u1ea3n sao ch\u00e9p nh\u00e1i c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd.<\/p>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt l\u1eeba d\u1ed1i: \u0111\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a h\u00e0ng gi\u1ea3 \u0111\u00edch th\u1ef1c<\/h2>\n\n<p>C\u00e1c gi\u00e1m tuy\u1ec3n b\u1ea3o t\u00e0ng ghi nh\u00e3n c\u1ea9n th\u1eadn t\u1eebng t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt \u0111\u1ec3 truy\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ea1t ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng h\u00e0ng gi\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m. C\u00f3 ba lo\u1ea1i ch\u00ednh:<\/p>\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>B\u1ea3n sao:<\/strong> C\u00e1c b\u1ea3n sao c\u00f3 th\u1eadt c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ghi r\u00f5 l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i do ngh\u1ec7 s\u0129 g\u1ed1c s\u00e1ng t\u00e1c.<\/li>\n<li><strong>H\u00e0ng gi\u1ea3 ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n:<\/strong> C\u00e1c t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ea1o ra theo phong c\u00e1ch c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t ngh\u1ec7 s\u0129 c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u00e1n sai cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00f3.<\/li>\n<li><strong>H\u00e0ng gi\u1ea3 y h\u1ec7t:<\/strong> C\u00e1c b\u1ea3n sao gi\u1ed1ng h\u1ec7t c\u00e1c t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u00e1n nh\u00e3n sai t\u00ean c\u1ee7a ngh\u1ec7 s\u0129 g\u1ed1c.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Nh\u1eefng v\u1ee5 l\u00e0m gi\u1ea3 \u0111\u00e1ng ch\u00fa \u00fd: v\u00e9n m\u00e0n k\u1ef9 n\u0103ng v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 l\u1eeba d\u1ed1i<\/h2>\n\n<p>M\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec3m n\u1ed5i b\u1eadt c\u1ee7a b\u1ea3o t\u00e0ng l\u00e0 b\u1ee9c tranh Jean Puy l\u00e0m gi\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a Tom Keating. Keating \u0111\u00e3 kh\u00e9o l\u00e9o gi\u1ea5u &#8220;bom h\u1eb9n gi\u1edd&#8221; trong t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh, ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n nh\u01b0 v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u kh\u00e1c th\u01b0\u1eddng, c\u00e1c l\u1ed7i c\u1ed1 \u00fd v\u00e0 c\u00e1c d\u00f2ng ch\u1eef \u1ea9n ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 nh\u00ecn th\u1ea5y khi ch\u1ee5p X-quang.<\/p>\n\n<p>M\u1ed9t v\u1ee5 l\u00e0m gi\u1ea3 \u0111\u00e1ng ch\u00fa \u00fd kh\u00e1c l\u00e0 b\u1ee9c &#8220;Emmaus&#8221; c\u1ee7a Han van Meegeren, m\u1ed9t b\u1ee9c tranh ban \u0111\u1ea7u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c cho l\u00e0 c\u1ee7a Johannes Vermeer. V\u1ee5 l\u00e0m gi\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a van Meegeren \u0111\u00e3 thuy\u1ebft ph\u1ee5c \u0111\u1ebfn n\u1ed7i b\u1ee9c tranh \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u00e1n cho m\u1ed9t b\u1ea3o t\u00e0ng ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt v\u1edbi gi\u00e1 t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng 6 tri\u1ec7u \u0111\u00f4 la M\u1ef9 ng\u00e0y nay.<\/p>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">M\u00ea cung ph\u00e1p l\u00fd: lu\u1eadt ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt v\u00e0 h\u00e0ng gi\u1ea3<\/h2>\n\n<p>B\u1ea3o t\u00e0ng c\u0169ng l\u00e0m s\u00e1ng t\u1ecf nh\u1eefng t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng ph\u00e1p l\u00fd c\u1ee7a vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m gi\u1ea3 t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt. Trong khi b\u1ea3n th\u00e2n vi\u1ec7c t\u1ea1o ra m\u1ed9t t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m gi\u1ea3 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 b\u1ea5t h\u1ee3p ph\u00e1p, th\u00ec vi\u1ec7c b\u00e1n t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m \u0111\u00f3 d\u01b0\u1edbi d\u1ea1ng b\u1ea3n g\u1ed1c l\u1ea1i vi ph\u1ea1m ph\u00e1p lu\u1eadt, l\u00e0m n\u1ed5i b\u1eadt ranh gi\u1edbi mong manh gi\u1eefa s\u1ef1 b\u1eaft ch\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 l\u1eeba d\u1ed1i.<\/p>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">S\u1ee9 m\u1ec7nh c\u1ee7a b\u1ea3o t\u00e0ng: gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c v\u00e0 ph\u00f2ng ng\u1eeba<\/h2>\n\n<p>Ngo\u00e0i vi\u1ec7c tr\u01b0ng b\u00e0y c\u00e1c t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt l\u00e0m gi\u1ea3, B\u1ea3o t\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ed3 gi\u1ea3 ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt c\u00f2n h\u01b0\u1edbng \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c c\u00f4ng ch\u00fang v\u1ec1 lu\u1eadt ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt v\u00e0 h\u1eadu qu\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m gi\u1ea3. B\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch v\u1ea1ch tr\u1ea7n c\u00e1c chi\u1ebfn thu\u1eadt v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1 c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng k\u1ebb l\u00e0m gi\u1ea3, b\u1ea3o t\u00e0ng hy v\u1ecdng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ng\u0103n ch\u1eb7n t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng gian l\u1eadn ti\u1ebfp di\u1ec5n tr\u00ean th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt, b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 s\u1ef1 to\u00e0n v\u1eb9n c\u1ee7a th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt.<\/p>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">B\u1ed9 s\u01b0u t\u1eadp ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n: c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n ti\u1ebfn h\u00f3a c\u1ee7a b\u1ea3o t\u00e0ng<\/h2>\n\n<p>B\u1ed9 s\u01b0u t\u1eadp c\u1ee7a b\u1ea3o t\u00e0ng li\u00ean t\u1ee5c ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n khi c\u00e1c t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m m\u1edbi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c mua v\u1ec1, m\u1ed7i t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m l\u1ea1i th\u00eam m\u1ed9t ch\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1edbi v\u00e0o c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n li\u00ean t\u1ee5c v\u1ec1 n\u1ea1n l\u00e0m gi\u1ea3 ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt. Du kh\u00e1ch c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 c\u00e1c cu\u1ed9c tri\u1ec3n l\u00e3m kh\u00f4ng ng\u1eebng m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a b\u1ea3o t\u00e0ng, \u0111\u1eafm ch\u00ecm v\u00e0o th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi h\u1ea5p d\u1eabn c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 l\u1eeba d\u1ed1i v\u00e0 ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi h\u1ea5p d\u1eabn c\u1ee7a B\u1ea3o t\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ed3 gi\u1ea3 ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt Vienna b\u1eadc th\u1ea7y l\u00e0m gi\u1ea3: Edgar Mrugalla Edgar Mrugalla, m\u1ed9t ngh\u1ec7 s\u0129 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0110\u1ee9c c\u00f3 n\u0103ng khi\u1ebfu, l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t&hellip;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[710],"tags":[16501,3249,104,4623,16503,16502],"class_list":["post-12217","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-art-history","tag-museum-of-art-fakes","tag-art-forgery","tag-art-history","tag-intellectual-property","tag-deception-in-art","tag-vienna"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/12217","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/3"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=12217"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/12217\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":12218,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/12217\/revisions\/12218"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=12217"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=12217"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=12217"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}