{"id":12229,"date":"2024-06-03T12:48:51","date_gmt":"2024-06-03T12:48:51","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/?p=12229"},"modified":"2024-06-03T12:48:51","modified_gmt":"2024-06-03T12:48:51","slug":"mount-rushmore-dark-history-racism-white-supremacy","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/uncategorized\/mount-rushmore-dark-history-racism-white-supremacy\/","title":{"rendered":"L\u1ecbch s\u1eed \u1ea9n gi\u1ea5u c\u1ee7a N\u00fai Rushmore: Ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t ch\u1ee7ng t\u1ed9c, tham v\u1ecdng v\u00e0 cu\u1ed9c chi\u1ebfn gi\u00e0nh quy\u1ec1n ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi M\u1ef9"},"content":{"rendered":"

N\u00fai Rushmore: \u0110\u00e0i t\u01b0\u1edfng ni\u1ec7m c\u1ee7a ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t ch\u1ee7ng t\u1ed9c v\u00e0 quy\u1ec1n t\u1ed1i cao c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi da tr\u1eafng<\/h2>\n\n

M\u1ed1i li\u00ean h\u1ec7 c\u1ee7a Gutzon Borglum v\u1edbi Ku Klux Klan<\/h2>\n\n

N\u00fai Rushmore, m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ecba danh mang t\u00ednh bi\u1ec3u t\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a Hoa K\u1ef3, l\u00e0 \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a Gutzon Borglum, m\u1ed9t nh\u00e0 \u0111i\u00eau kh\u1eafc c\u00f3 qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9 \u0111en t\u1ed1i. Borglum l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi theo ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a da tr\u1eafng th\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u1eb3ng v\u00e0 c\u00f3 m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 ch\u1eb7t ch\u1ebd v\u1edbi Ku Klux Klan, m\u1ed9t nh\u00f3m th\u00f9 h\u1eadn kh\u00e9t ti\u1ebfng.<\/p>\n\n

S\u1ef1 tham gia c\u1ee7a Borglum v\u1edbi Klan b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0o n\u0103m 1915, khi \u00f4ng gi\u00fap t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c m\u1ed9t bu\u1ed5i l\u1ec5 th\u1eafp \u0111u\u1ed1c tr\u00ean \u0111\u1ec9nh n\u00fai Stone \u1edf Georgia. S\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e1nh d\u1ea5u s\u1ef1 t\u00e1i sinh c\u1ee7a Klan, v\u1ed1n \u0111\u00e3 m\u1edd nh\u1ea1t sau N\u1ed9i chi\u1ebfn.<\/p>\n\n

Nh\u1eefng m\u1ed1i li\u00ean h\u1ec7 c\u1ee7a Borglum v\u1edbi Klan \u0111\u00e3 gi\u00fap \u00f4ng b\u1ea3o \u0111\u1ea3m ti\u1ec1n t\u00e0i tr\u1ee3 cho d\u1ef1 \u00e1n Stone Mountain, m\u1ed9t t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m \u0111i\u00eau kh\u1eafc kh\u1ed5ng l\u1ed3 v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c t\u01b0\u1edbng l\u0129nh Li\u00ean minh mi\u1ec1n Nam Robert E. Lee v\u00e0 Stonewall Jackson. Tuy nhi\u00ean, cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ea5u \u0111\u00e1 n\u1ed9i b\u1ed9 trong n\u1ed9i b\u1ed9 Klan \u0111\u00e3 d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn th\u1ea5t b\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a d\u1ef1 \u00e1n, v\u00e0 Borglum \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ecb sa th\u1ea3i v\u00e0o n\u0103m 1925.<\/p>\n\n

D\u1ef1 \u00e1n Stone Mountain v\u00e0 n\u1ed7i \u00e1m \u1ea3nh c\u1ee7a Borglum<\/h2>\n\n

C\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh c\u1ee7a Borglum tr\u00ean N\u00fai \u0110\u00e1 \u0111\u00e3 mang l\u1ea1i cho \u00f4ng chuy\u00ean m\u00f4n c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft N\u00fai Rushmore. \u00d4ng b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u t\u1ea1c khu\u00f4n m\u1eb7t c\u1ee7a b\u1ed1n v\u1ecb t\u1ed5ng th\u1ed1ng Hoa K\u1ef3 v\u00e0o \u0110\u1ed3i \u0110en c\u1ee7a Nam Dakota v\u00e0o n\u0103m 1927.<\/p>\n\n

Borglum \u0111\u00e3 d\u00e0nh 14 n\u0103m cu\u1ed1i \u0111\u1eddi cho d\u1ef1 \u00e1n N\u00fai Rushmore, m\u00e0 \u00f4ng coi l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 t\u00f4n vinh s\u1ef1 v\u0129 \u0111\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a qu\u1ed1c gia. Tuy nhi\u00ean, ch\u00ednh ni\u1ec1m tin ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t ch\u1ee7ng t\u1ed9c c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng \u0111\u00e3 ph\u1ee7 b\u00f3ng l\u00ean t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh.<\/p>\n\n

Tranh c\u00e3i xung quanh N\u00fai Rushmore<\/h2>\n\n

Cu\u1ed9c tranh c\u00e3i xung quanh N\u00fai Rushmore b\u1eaft ngu\u1ed3n t\u1eeb quan \u0111i\u1ec3m ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t ch\u1ee7ng t\u1ed9c c\u1ee7a Borglum v\u00e0 th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf l\u00e0 t\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u00e0i n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng tr\u00ean v\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ea5t b\u1ecb \u0111\u00e1nh c\u1eafp t\u1eeb ng\u01b0\u1eddi Lakota Sioux.<\/p>\n\n

Nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u1ec9 tr\u00edch cho r\u1eb1ng N\u00fai Rushmore l\u00e0 bi\u1ec3u t\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a quy\u1ec1n t\u1ed1i cao c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi da tr\u1eafng v\u00e0 n\u00f3 t\u00f4n vinh cu\u1ed9c chinh ph\u1ee5c mi\u1ec1n T\u00e2y. H\u1ecd c\u0169ng ch\u1ec9 ra r\u1eb1ng k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch ban \u0111\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a Borglum cho t\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u00e0i bao g\u1ed3m m\u1ed9t t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m \u0111i\u00eau kh\u1eafc c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t t\u00f9 tr\u01b0\u1edfng da \u0111\u1ecf, nh\u01b0ng \u00f4ng \u0111\u00e3 t\u1eeb b\u1ecf \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng n\u00e0y do \u00e1p l\u1ef1c t\u1eeb c\u00e1c nh\u00f3m theo ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a da tr\u1eafng th\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u1eb3ng.<\/p>\n\n

T\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u00e2u d\u00e0i c\u1ee7a Gutzon Borglum<\/h2>\n\n

Di s\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a Gutzon Borglum r\u1ea5t ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p v\u00e0 g\u00e2y tranh c\u00e3i. \u00d4ng l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t nh\u00e0 \u0111i\u00eau kh\u1eafc t\u00e0i n\u0103ng, ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 t\u1ea1o ra m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ecba danh mang t\u00ednh bi\u1ec3u t\u01b0\u1ee3ng nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a n\u01b0\u1edbc M\u1ef9. Tuy nhi\u00ean, ni\u1ec1m tin ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t ch\u1ee7ng t\u1ed9c v\u00e0 m\u1ed1i li\u00ean h\u1ec7 c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng v\u1edbi Ku Klux Klan \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m hoen \u1ed1 danh ti\u1ebfng c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng.<\/p>\n\n

N\u00fai Rushmore v\u1eabn l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t \u0111i\u1ec3m \u0111\u1ebfn du l\u1ecbch n\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng, nh\u01b0ng n\u00f3 c\u0169ng l\u00e0 l\u1eddi nh\u1eafc nh\u1edf v\u1ec1 l\u1ecbch s\u1eed \u0111en t\u1ed1i v\u1ec1 ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t ch\u1ee7ng t\u1ed9c v\u00e0 quy\u1ec1n t\u1ed1i cao c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi da tr\u1eafng \u1edf Hoa K\u1ef3.<\/p>\n\n

L\u1ecbch s\u1eed \u1ea9n gi\u1ea5u c\u1ee7a N\u00fai Rushmore<\/h2>\n\n

L\u1ecbch s\u1eed \u1ea9n gi\u1ea5u c\u1ee7a N\u00fai Rushmore l\u00e0 c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n v\u1ec1 ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t ch\u1ee7ng t\u1ed9c, tham v\u1ecdng v\u00e0 cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ea5u tranh gi\u00e0nh quy\u1ec1n ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi M\u1ef9. M\u1ed1i li\u00ean h\u1ec7 c\u1ee7a Gutzon Borglum v\u1edbi Ku Klux Klan v\u00e0 ch\u00ednh ni\u1ec1m tin theo ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a da tr\u1eafng th\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u1eb3ng c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u00ecnh n\u00ean qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng t\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u00e0i v\u00e0 \u00fd ngh\u0129a c\u1ee7a n\u00f3.<\/p>\n\n

Vai tr\u00f2 c\u1ee7a ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t ch\u1ee7ng t\u1ed9c trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng N\u00fai Rushmore<\/h2>\n\n

Ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t ch\u1ee7ng t\u1ed9c \u0111\u00f3ng m\u1ed9t vai tr\u00f2 quan tr\u1ecdng trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng N\u00fai Rushmore. Quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh lo\u1ea1i tr\u1eeb m\u1ed9t t\u00f9 tr\u01b0\u1edfng ng\u01b0\u1eddi M\u1ef9 b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ecba kh\u1ecfi t\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u00e0i c\u1ee7a Borglum xu\u1ea5t ph\u00e1t t\u1eeb ni\u1ec1m tin c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng v\u00e0o thuy\u1ebft da tr\u1eafng th\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u1eb3ng. \u00d4ng c\u0169ng s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng d\u1ef1 \u00e1n n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ec3 th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y quan \u0111i\u1ec3m ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t ch\u1ee7ng t\u1ed9c c\u1ee7a ri\u00eang m\u00ecnh.<\/p>\n\n

M\u1ed1i li\u00ean h\u1ec7 gi\u1eefa N\u00fai Rushmore v\u00e0 Ku Klux Klan<\/h2>\n\n

Ku Klux Klan \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u00f3ng g\u00f3p r\u1ea5t l\u1edbn v\u00e0o vi\u1ec7c t\u00e0i tr\u1ee3 v\u00e0 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng N\u00fai Rushmore. M\u1ed1i li\u00ean h\u1ec7 c\u1ee7a Borglum v\u1edbi Klan \u0111\u00e3 gi\u00fap \u00f4ng \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o ti\u1ec1n t\u00e0i tr\u1ee3 cho d\u1ef1 \u00e1n v\u00e0 ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t m\u1ea1ng l\u01b0\u1edbi nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u1ee7ng h\u1ed9.<\/p>\n\n

S\u1ef1 th\u1ea5t b\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a D\u1ef1 \u00e1n Stone Mountain<\/h2>\n\n

D\u1ef1 \u00e1n Stone Mountain \u0111\u00e3 th\u1ea5t b\u1ea1i do cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ea5u \u0111\u00e1 n\u1ed9i b\u1ed9 trong n\u1ed9i b\u1ed9 Ku Klux Klan. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng m\u1ea5t ti\u1ec1n t\u00e0i tr\u1ee3 v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 \u1ee7ng h\u1ed9, v\u00e0 cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng Borglum \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ecb sa th\u1ea3i.<\/p>\n\n

Di s\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a Gutzon Borglum v\u1edbi t\u01b0 c\u00e1ch l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi theo ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t ch\u1ee7ng t\u1ed9c v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t nh\u00e0 \u0111i\u00eau kh\u1eafc<\/h2>\n\n

Di s\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a Gutzon Borglum l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t di s\u1ea3n ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p. \u00d4ng l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t nh\u00e0 \u0111i\u00eau kh\u1eafc t\u00e0i n\u0103ng \u0111\u00e3 t\u1ea1o ra m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ecba danh mang t\u00ednh bi\u1ec3u t\u01b0\u1ee3ng nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a Hoa K\u1ef3. Tuy nhi\u00ean, ni\u1ec1m tin ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t ch\u1ee7ng t\u1ed9c v\u00e0 m\u1ed1i li\u00ean h\u1ec7 c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng v\u1edbi Ku Klux Klan \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m hoen \u1ed1 danh ti\u1ebfng c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

N\u00fai Rushmore: \u0110\u00e0i t\u01b0\u1edfng ni\u1ec7m c\u1ee7a ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t ch\u1ee7ng t\u1ed9c v\u00e0 quy\u1ec1n t\u1ed1i cao c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi da tr\u1eafng M\u1ed1i li\u00ean h\u1ec7 c\u1ee7a Gutzon Borglum v\u1edbi Ku Klux Klan…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":23586,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[902,3064,16521,5415,27,7958,1996,16522,10],"class_list":["post-12229","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-uncategorized","tag-racism","tag-legacy","tag-gutzon-borglum","tag-ku-klux-klan","tag-history","tag-mount-rushmore","tag-white-supremacy","tag-stone-mountain","tag-controversy"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/12229","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=12229"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/12229\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":12230,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/12229\/revisions\/12230"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/23586"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=12229"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=12229"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=12229"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}