{"id":12237,"date":"2024-01-23T07:06:03","date_gmt":"2024-01-23T07:06:03","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/?p=12237"},"modified":"2024-01-23T07:06:03","modified_gmt":"2024-01-23T07:06:03","slug":"nazi-atrocities-crete-viannos-massacres","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/life\/history\/nazi-atrocities-crete-viannos-massacres\/","title":{"rendered":"S\u1ef1 t\u00e0n b\u1ea1o c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c qu\u1ed1c x\u00e3 \u1edf \u0111\u1ea3o Crete: Cu\u1ed9c th\u1ea3m s\u00e1t \u1edf Viannos"},"content":{"rendered":"

S\u1ef1 t\u00e0n b\u1ea1o c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c qu\u1ed1c x\u00e3 \u1edf \u0111\u1ea3o Crete: Cu\u1ed9c th\u1ea3m s\u00e1t \u1edf Viannos<\/h2>\n\n

\u0110\u1ee9c qu\u1ed1c x\u00e3 chi\u1ebfm \u0111\u00f3ng \u0111\u1ea3o Crete<\/h2>\n\n

N\u0103m 1941, trong Th\u1ebf chi\u1ebfn th\u1ee9 II, \u0110\u1ee9c qu\u1ed1c x\u00e3 \u0111\u00e3 x\u00e2m l\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u00e0 chi\u1ebfm \u0111\u00f3ng \u0111\u1ea3o Crete c\u1ee7a Hy L\u1ea1p. Cu\u1ed9c chi\u1ebfm \u0111\u00f3ng t\u00e0n kh\u1ed1c, \u0110\u1ee9c qu\u1ed1c x\u00e3 \u0111\u00e3 ph\u1ea1m nhi\u1ec1u t\u1ed9i \u00e1c \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00e2n.<\/p>\n\n

Cu\u1ed9c th\u1ea3m s\u00e1t \u1edf Viannos<\/h2>\n\n

M\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u00e0n b\u1ea1o kh\u00e9t ti\u1ebfng nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c qu\u1ed1c x\u00e3 \u1edf \u0111\u1ea3o Crete l\u00e0 cu\u1ed9c th\u1ea3m s\u00e1t \u1edf Viannos, di\u1ec5n ra v\u00e0o th\u00e1ng 9 n\u0103m 1943. \u0110\u1ec3 tr\u1ea3 th\u00f9 m\u1ed9t cu\u1ed9c t\u1ea5n c\u00f4ng c\u1ee7a l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng kh\u00e1ng chi\u1ebfn Hy L\u1ea1p, t\u01b0\u1edbng \u0110\u1ee9c Friedrich-Wilhelm M\u00fcller \u0111\u00e3 ra l\u1ec7nh x\u1eed t\u1eed t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 \u0111\u00e0n \u00f4ng tr\u00ean 16 tu\u1ed5i \u1edf c\u00e1c ng\u00f4i l\u00e0ng Viannos v\u00e0 Ierapetra. H\u00e0ng tr\u0103m th\u01b0\u1eddng d\u00e2n \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ecb gi\u1ebft, trong \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 c\u1ea3 ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef v\u00e0 tr\u1ebb em.<\/p>\n\n

Vai tr\u00f2 c\u1ee7a Friedrich-Wilhelm M\u00fcller<\/h2>\n\n

M\u00fcller, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 “\u0111\u1ed3 t\u1ec3 c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ea3o Crete”, ch\u1ecbu tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp cho cu\u1ed9c th\u1ea3m s\u00e1t \u1edf Viannos. H\u1eafn l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ch\u1ec9 huy t\u00e0n nh\u1eabn v\u00e0 b\u1ec7nh ho\u1ea1n, th\u00edch th\u00fa v\u1edbi vi\u1ec7c g\u00e2y \u0111au kh\u1ed5 cho th\u01b0\u1eddng d\u00e2n. Sau chi\u1ebfn tranh, M\u00fcller \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ecb x\u00e9t x\u1eed v\u00e0 h\u00e0nh quy\u1ebft v\u00ec t\u1ed9i \u00e1c c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh.<\/p>\n\n

T\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a cu\u1ed9c th\u1ea3m s\u00e1t<\/h2>\n\n

Cu\u1ed9c th\u1ea3m s\u00e1t \u1edf Viannos \u0111\u00e3 g\u00e2y ra t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u00e0n kh\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00e2n \u0111\u1ea3o Crete. H\u1ecd \u0111\u00e3 ph\u00e1 h\u1ee7y to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng v\u00e0 khi\u1ebfn h\u00e0ng ngh\u00ecn ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00e2n v\u00f4 gia c\u01b0 v\u00e0 b\u1ecb sang ch\u1ea5n. Cu\u1ed9c th\u1ea3m s\u00e1t c\u0169ng th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y phong tr\u00e0o kh\u00e1ng chi\u1ebfn ch\u1ed1ng l\u1ea1i s\u1ef1 chi\u1ebfm \u0111\u00f3ng c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c qu\u1ed1c x\u00e3.<\/p>\n\n

Cu\u1ed9c di\u1ec7t ch\u1ee7ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi Do Th\u00e1i \u1edf Hy L\u1ea1p<\/h2>\n\n

Trong th\u1eddi gian chi\u1ebfm \u0111\u00f3ng, \u0110\u1ee9c qu\u1ed1c x\u00e3 c\u0169ng ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t cu\u1ed9c di\u1ec7t ch\u1ee7ng c\u00f3 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi Do Th\u00e1i \u1edf Hy L\u1ea1p. H\u01a1n 58.000 ng\u01b0\u1eddi Do Th\u00e1i Hy L\u1ea1p \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ecb s\u00e1t h\u1ea1i, h\u1ea7u h\u1ebft l\u00e0 \u1edf tr\u1ea1i Auschwitz-Birkenau.<\/p>\n\n

Phong tr\u00e0o kh\u00e1ng chi\u1ebfn<\/h2>\n\n

M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 cu\u1ed9c chi\u1ebfm \u0111\u00f3ng t\u00e0n b\u1ea1o, ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00e2n Hy L\u1ea1p v\u1eabn ch\u1ed1ng l\u1ea1i \u0110\u1ee9c qu\u1ed1c x\u00e3. C\u00e1c chi\u1ebfn binh kh\u00e1ng chi\u1ebfn \u0111\u00e3 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n c\u00e1c cu\u1ed9c t\u1ea5n c\u00f4ng v\u00e0o qu\u00e2n \u0111\u1ed9i \u0110\u1ee9c v\u00e0 h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0110\u1ed3ng minh. Phong tr\u00e0o kh\u00e1ng chi\u1ebfn \u0111\u00f3ng m\u1ed9t vai tr\u00f2 quan tr\u1ecdng trong vi\u1ec7c gi\u1ea3i ph\u00f3ng Hy L\u1ea1p cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng.<\/p>\n\n

S\u1ed1 ph\u1eadn c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ea3o Crete<\/h2>\n\n

Cu\u1ed9c chi\u1ebfm \u0111\u00f3ng c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c qu\u1ed1c x\u00e3 \u1edf \u0111\u1ea3o Crete k\u1ebft th\u00fac v\u00e0o th\u00e1ng 10 n\u0103m 1944, khi \u0110\u1ee9c qu\u1ed1c x\u00e3 r\u00fat kh\u1ecfi \u0111\u1ea3o. Tuy nhi\u00ean, di s\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a cu\u1ed9c chi\u1ebfm \u0111\u00f3ng v\u1eabn c\u00f2n cho \u0111\u1ebfn ng\u00e0y nay. Nh\u1eefng v\u1ee5 th\u1ea3m s\u00e1t v\u00e0 c\u00e1c h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u00e0n b\u1ea1o kh\u00e1c do \u0110\u1ee9c qu\u1ed1c x\u00e3 g\u00e2y ra v\u1eabn ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c l\u00e0 ngu\u1ed3n \u0111au th\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u00e0 ph\u1eabn n\u1ed9 \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00e2n \u0111\u1ea3o Crete.<\/p>\n\n

B\u1ed3i th\u01b0\u1eddng v\u00e0 h\u00f2a gi\u1ea3i<\/h2>\n\n

Trong nh\u1eefng n\u0103m g\u1ea7n \u0111\u00e2y, ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 Hy L\u1ea1p \u0111\u00e3 y\u00eau c\u1ea7u \u0110\u1ee9c b\u1ed3i th\u01b0\u1eddng cho nh\u1eefng t\u1ed9i \u00e1c \u0111\u00e3 g\u00e2y ra trong th\u1eddi gian chi\u1ebfm \u0111\u00f3ng. \u0110\u1ee9c \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1ea3 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 kho\u1ea3n b\u1ed3i th\u01b0\u1eddng, nh\u01b0ng nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi Hy L\u1ea1p tin r\u1eb1ng s\u1ed1 ti\u1ec1n \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ee7.<\/p>\n\n

M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0110\u1ee9c c\u0169ng \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ea3o Crete \u0111\u1ec3 xin l\u1ed7i v\u1ec1 h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a t\u1ed5 ti\u00ean h\u1ecd. Tuy nhi\u00ean, nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi Hy L\u1ea1p tin r\u1eb1ng h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng n\u00f3i l\u1edbn h\u01a1n l\u1eddi n\u00f3i v\u00e0 h\u1ecd \u0111ang ch\u1edd \u0110\u1ee9c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n c\u00e1c b\u01b0\u1edbc c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ec3 chu\u1ed9c l\u1ed7i cho qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9 c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh.<\/p>\n\n

Cu\u1ed9c th\u1ea3m s\u00e1t \u1edf Viannos v\u00e0 c\u00e1c h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u00e0n b\u1ea1o kh\u00e1c c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c qu\u1ed1c x\u00e3 \u1edf \u0111\u1ea3o Crete l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ch\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111en t\u1ed1i trong l\u1ecbch s\u1eed. Ch\u00fang l\u00e0 l\u1eddi nh\u1eafc nh\u1edf v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 kinh ho\u00e0ng c\u1ee7a chi\u1ebfn tranh v\u00e0 t\u1ea7m quan tr\u1ecdng c\u1ee7a vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u1ea5u tranh ch\u1ed1ng l\u1ea1i s\u1ef1 chuy\u00ean ch\u1ebf v\u00e0 \u00e1p b\u1ee9c.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

S\u1ef1 t\u00e0n b\u1ea1o c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c qu\u1ed1c x\u00e3 \u1edf \u0111\u1ea3o Crete: Cu\u1ed9c th\u1ea3m s\u00e1t \u1edf Viannos \u0110\u1ee9c qu\u1ed1c x\u00e3 chi\u1ebfm \u0111\u00f3ng \u0111\u1ea3o Crete N\u0103m 1941, trong Th\u1ebf chi\u1ebfn th\u1ee9 II, \u0110\u1ee9c…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[767],"tags":[2263,16533,16535,1208,16536,16532,831,16534,56],"class_list":["post-12237","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-history","tag-reparations","tag-crete","tag-friedrich-wilhelm-muller","tag-greece","tag-resistance-movement","tag-nazi-atrocities","tag-holocaust","tag-viannos-massacres","tag-world-war-ii"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/12237","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/3"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=12237"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/12237\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":12238,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/12237\/revisions\/12238"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=12237"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=12237"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=12237"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}