{"id":12256,"date":"2022-08-26T08:53:52","date_gmt":"2022-08-26T08:53:52","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/?p=12256"},"modified":"2022-08-26T08:53:52","modified_gmt":"2022-08-26T08:53:52","slug":"japanese-water-beetle-escapes-from-frogs-anus","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/science\/zoology\/japanese-water-beetle-escapes-from-frogs-anus\/","title":{"rendered":"Lo\u00e0i b\u1ecd c\u00e1nh c\u1ee9ng tho\u00e1t kh\u1ecfi b\u1ee5ng \u1ebfch: C\u01a1 ch\u1ebf tr\u1ed1n tho\u00e1t k\u1ef3 di\u1ec7u c\u1ee7a Regimbartia attenuata"},"content":{"rendered":"

Regimbartia attenuata: Lo\u00e0i b\u1ecd c\u00e1nh c\u1ee9ng tho\u00e1t kh\u1ecfi d\u1ea1 d\u00e0y \u1ebfch<\/h2>\n\n

Gi\u1edbi thi\u1ec7u<\/h2>\n\n

Regimbartia attenuata, m\u1ed9t lo\u00e0i b\u1ecd c\u00e1nh c\u1ee9ng d\u01b0\u1edbi n\u01b0\u1edbc nh\u1ecf b\u00e9 c\u1ee7a Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n, s\u1edf h\u1eefu m\u1ed9t kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng phi th\u01b0\u1eddng: tho\u00e1t kh\u1ecfi \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng ti\u00eau h\u00f3a c\u1ee7a \u1ebfch, chui ra ngo\u00e0i qua h\u1eadu m\u00f4n c\u1ee7a \u1ebfch m\u00e0 v\u1eabn s\u1ed1ng s\u00f3t v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng h\u1ec1 h\u1ea5n g\u00ec. Shinji Sugiura, nh\u00e0 sinh th\u00e1i h\u1ecdc t\u1ea1i \u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc Kobe, \u0111\u00e3 ghi ch\u00e9p l\u1ea1i k\u1ef3 t\u00edch \u0111\u00e1ng kinh ng\u1ea1c n\u00e0y. \u00d4ng \u0111\u00e3 ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh nhi\u1ec1u cu\u1ed9c nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u chuy\u00ean s\u00e2u v\u1ec1 m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 gi\u1eefa lo\u00e0i R. attenuata v\u1edbi \u1ebfch theo ki\u1ec3u con m\u1ed3i – k\u1ebb \u0111i s\u0103n.<\/p>\n\n

C\u01a1 ch\u1ebf tho\u00e1t hi\u1ec3m<\/h2>\n\n

Sau khi b\u1ecb \u1ebfch nu\u1ed1t v\u00e0o, R. attenuata n\u1eb1m im kho\u1ea3ng hai gi\u1edd. Sau \u0111\u00f3, n\u00f3 b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ea9y m\u00ecnh ra kh\u1ecfi h\u1ec7 ti\u00eau h\u00f3a c\u1ee7a \u1ebfch b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng ch\u00e2n. \u0110\u1ed9ng t\u00e1c n\u00e0y k\u00edch th\u00edch c\u01a1 v\u00f2ng h\u1eadu m\u00f4n c\u1ee7a \u1ebfch, khi\u1ebfn \u1ebfch ph\u1ea3i \u0111i ngo\u00e0i v\u00e0 t\u1ed1ng ch\u00fa b\u1ecd c\u00e1nh c\u1ee9ng ra ngo\u00e0i. To\u00e0n b\u1ed9 qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh tr\u1ed1n tho\u00e1t c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 m\u1ea5t t\u1eeb s\u00e1u ph\u00fat \u0111\u1ebfn b\u1ed1n gi\u1edd.<\/p>\n\n

Chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00f2ng v\u1ec7<\/h2>\n\n

Sugiura \u0111\u01b0a ra gi\u1ea3 thuy\u1ebft r\u1eb1ng R. attenuata \u0111\u00e3 ti\u1ebfn h\u00f3a c\u01a1 ch\u1ebf tr\u1ed1n tho\u00e1t n\u00e0y nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ed1ng l\u1ea1i \u1ebfch – lo\u00e0i \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u1eadt \u0103n th\u1ecbt hung d\u1eef, ti\u00eau th\u1ee5 nhi\u1ec1u lo\u1ea1i c\u00f4n tr\u00f9ng. Nh\u1edd kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng tho\u00e1t kh\u1ecfi \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng ti\u00eau h\u00f3a c\u1ee7a \u1ebfch, ch\u00fa b\u1ecd c\u00e1nh c\u1ee9ng tr\u00e1nh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ed1 ph\u1eadn b\u1ecb ti\u00eau h\u00f3a v\u00e0 gi\u1ebft ch\u1ebft.<\/p>\n\n

C\u00e1c th\u00edch nghi sinh l\u00fd<\/h2>\n\n

R. attenuata s\u1edf h\u1eefu m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 \u0111\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m th\u00edch nghi v\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t sinh l\u00fd gi\u00fap t\u1ea1o \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n thu\u1eadn l\u1ee3i cho vi\u1ec7c tr\u1ed1n tho\u00e1t. K\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc nh\u1ecf v\u00e0 l\u1edbp v\u1ecf \u0111en \u00f3ng \u00e1nh cho ph\u00e9p n\u00f3 d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng di chuy\u1ec3n trong h\u1ec7 ti\u00eau h\u00f3a c\u1ee7a \u1ebfch. Ngo\u00e0i ra, ch\u00e2n c\u1ee7a b\u1ecd c\u00e1nh c\u1ee9ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u1ee7 m\u1ed9t l\u1edbp l\u00f4ng nh\u1ecf li ti gi\u00fap n\u00f3 b\u00e1m v\u00e0o th\u00e0nh ru\u1ed9t c\u1ee7a \u1ebfch v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea9y m\u00ecnh v\u1ec1 ph\u00eda tr\u01b0\u1edbc.<\/p>\n\n

T\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 tr\u1ed1n tho\u00e1t th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng<\/h2>\n\n

Nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u c\u1ee7a Sugiura ch\u1ec9 ra r\u1eb1ng R. attenuata c\u00f3 t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 tr\u1ed1n tho\u00e1t kh\u1ecfi \u1ebfch r\u1ea5t cao. Trong c\u00e1c th\u00ed nghi\u1ec7m v\u1edbi Pelophylax nigromaculatus, m\u1ed9t lo\u00e0i \u1ebfch ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn \u1edf Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n, h\u01a1n 93% b\u1ecd c\u00e1nh c\u1ee9ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 tr\u1ed1n tho\u00e1t qua h\u1eadu m\u00f4n c\u1ee7a \u1ebfch. T\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 c\u0169ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ghi nh\u1eadn \u1edf b\u1ed1n lo\u00e0i \u1ebfch kh\u00e1c.<\/p>\n\n

T\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u1eadt \u0103n th\u1ecbt lo\u00e0i \u1ebfch<\/h2>\n\n

Kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng tr\u1ed1n tho\u00e1t kh\u1ecfi \u1ebfch c\u1ee7a R. attenuata c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng ti\u1ec1m t\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 gi\u1eefa \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u1eadt \u0103n th\u1ecbt v\u00e0 con m\u1ed3i c\u1ee7a hai lo\u00e0i n\u00e0y. N\u1ebfu \u00fd th\u1ee9c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng tr\u1ed1n tho\u00e1t c\u1ee7a R. attenuata, \u1ebfch c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 tr\u00e1nh \u0103n lo\u00e0i b\u1ecd c\u00e1nh c\u1ee9ng n\u00e0y. M\u1eb7t kh\u00e1c, \u1ebfch v\u1eabn c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c \u0103n b\u1ecd c\u00e1nh c\u1ee9ng, nh\u01b0ng th\u1ec9nh tho\u1ea3ng s\u1ebd m\u1ea5t b\u1eefa do b\u1ecd c\u00e1nh c\u1ee9ng tr\u1ed1n tho\u00e1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c.<\/p>\n\n

C\u01a1 ch\u1ebf tr\u1ed1n tho\u00e1t kh\u00e1c c\u1ee7a lo\u00e0i b\u1ecd c\u00e1nh c\u1ee9ng<\/h2>\n\n

R. attenuata kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 lo\u00e0i b\u1ecd c\u00e1nh c\u1ee9ng duy nh\u1ea5t s\u1edf h\u1eefu nh\u1eefng c\u01a1 ch\u1ebf tr\u1ed1n tho\u00e1t kh\u00e1c th\u01b0\u1eddng. V\u00ed d\u1ee5, nh\u1eefng con b\u1ecd c\u00e1nh c\u1ee9ng Bombardier c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 phun ra m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1i h\u00f3a ch\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ed9c h\u1ea1i khi b\u1ecb \u0111e d\u1ecda, bu\u1ed9c nh\u1eefng k\u1ebb \u0111i s\u0103n ph\u1ea3i nh\u1ea3 ch\u00fang ra. M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 lo\u00e0i b\u1ecd c\u00e1nh c\u1ee9ng kh\u00e1c c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng ng\u00e0m ho\u1eb7c ch\u00e2n \u0111\u1ec3 g\u00e2y \u0111au \u0111\u1edbn cho k\u1ebb \u0111i s\u0103n, khi\u1ebfn ch\u00fang ch\u00f9n b\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng \u0103n th\u1ecbt ch\u00fang.<\/p>\n\n

Nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u trong t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai<\/h2>\n\n

Nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u c\u1ee7a Sugiura \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m s\u00e1ng t\u1ecf kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng tr\u1ed1n tho\u00e1t \u0111\u00e1ng kinh ng\u1ea1c c\u1ee7a R. attenuata. C\u1ea7n ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh th\u00eam nhi\u1ec1u nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u n\u1eefa \u0111\u1ec3 t\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u k\u1ef9 h\u01a1n c\u00e1c c\u01a1 ch\u1ebf c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng tr\u1ed1n tho\u00e1t c\u1ee7a lo\u00e0i b\u1ecd c\u00e1nh c\u1ee9ng n\u00e0y, bao g\u1ed3m vai tr\u00f2 c\u1ee7a \u0111\u00f4i ch\u00e2n c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 c\u00e1ch k\u00edch th\u00edch c\u01a1 v\u00f2ng h\u1eadu m\u00f4n c\u1ee7a \u1ebfch. Ngo\u00e0i ra, c\u1ea7n th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n nh\u1eefng nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u \u0111\u1ec3 kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 c\u00e1c t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t sinh th\u00e1i c\u1ee7a kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng tr\u1ed1n tho\u00e1t \u1edf lo\u00e0i b\u1ecd c\u00e1nh c\u1ee9ng n\u00e0y c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 gi\u1eefa \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u1eadt \u0103n th\u1ecbt v\u00e0 con m\u1ed3i trong c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 sinh th\u00e1i d\u01b0\u1edbi n\u01b0\u1edbc.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Regimbartia attenuata: Lo\u00e0i b\u1ecd c\u00e1nh c\u1ee9ng tho\u00e1t kh\u1ecfi d\u1ea1 d\u00e0y \u1ebfch Gi\u1edbi thi\u1ec7u Regimbartia attenuata, m\u1ed9t lo\u00e0i b\u1ecd c\u00e1nh c\u1ee9ng d\u01b0\u1edbi n\u01b0\u1edbc nh\u1ecf b\u00e9 c\u1ee7a Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n, s\u1edf h\u1eefu m\u1ed9t…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":6,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[280],"tags":[16556,16557,16554,16555,16559,342,613,16558,16560,2706],"class_list":["post-12256","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-zoology","tag-japanese-water-beetle","tag-predator-prey-dynamics","tag-beetle-escape-mechanisms","tag-frog-predators","tag-unusual-animal-behaviors","tag-life-science","tag-scientific-discovery","tag-regimbartia-attenuata","tag-wildlife-biology","tag-animal-adaptations"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/12256","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/6"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=12256"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/12256\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":12257,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/12256\/revisions\/12257"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=12256"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=12256"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=12256"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}