{"id":12302,"date":"2020-02-01T15:57:58","date_gmt":"2020-02-01T15:57:58","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/?p=12302"},"modified":"2020-02-01T15:57:58","modified_gmt":"2020-02-01T15:57:58","slug":"rocket-debris-a-hidden-danger-from-space","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/science\/space-exploration\/rocket-debris-a-hidden-danger-from-space\/","title":{"rendered":"Nguy c\u01a1 ti\u1ec1m \u1ea9n t\u1eeb v\u0169 tr\u1ee5: M\u1ea3nh v\u1ee1 t\u00ean l\u1eeda"},"content":{"rendered":"

M\u1ea3nh v\u1ee1 t\u00ean l\u1eeda: M\u1ed1i nguy hi\u1ec3m ti\u1ec1m \u1ea9n t\u1eeb kh\u00f4ng gian<\/h2>\n\n

Hi\u1ec3u v\u1ec1 r\u1ee7i ro<\/h2>\n\n

Ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng ph\u00f3ng t\u00ean l\u1eeda ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn, nh\u01b0ng \u0111i\u1ec1u g\u00ec s\u1ebd x\u1ea3y ra v\u1edbi c\u00e1c b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn b\u1ecb lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng t\u00ean l\u1eeda n\u00e0y sau khi ch\u00fang \u0111\u00e3 ho\u00e0n th\u00e0nh nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh? Th\u1eadt kh\u00f4ng may, nhi\u1ec1u th\u00e2n t\u00ean l\u1eeda n\u00e0y t\u00e1i x\u00e2m nh\u1eadp v\u00e0o b\u1ea7u kh\u00ed quy\u1ec3n Tr\u00e1i \u0111\u1ea5t m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t, g\u00e2y ra m\u1ed1i nguy hi\u1ec3m ti\u1ec1m t\u00e0ng cho con ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u00e0 t\u00e0i s\u1ea3n.<\/p>\n\n

M\u1ed9t nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u g\u1ea7n \u0111\u00e2y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00f4ng b\u1ed1 tr\u00ean t\u1ea1p ch\u00ed Nature Astronomy \u01b0\u1edbc t\u00ednh r\u1eb1ng n\u1ebfu c\u00e1c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i v\u1eabn ti\u1ebfp di\u1ec5n, s\u1ebd c\u00f3 kho\u1ea3ng 10% kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng x\u1ea3y ra \u00edt nh\u1ea5t m\u1ed9t th\u01b0\u01a1ng vong trong th\u1eadp k\u1ef7 t\u1edbi do m\u1ea3nh v\u1ee1 t\u00ean l\u1eeda r\u01a1i xu\u1ed1ng. M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 r\u1ee7i ro n\u00e0y v\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t th\u1ed1ng k\u00ea l\u00e0 th\u1ea5p, nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t khi ch\u00fang ta bi\u1ebft r\u1eb1ng \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 tr\u00e1nh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c.<\/p>\n\n

Ph\u00e2n b\u1ed1 r\u1ee7i ro theo khu v\u1ef1c<\/h2>\n\n

Th\u1eadt kh\u00f3 \u0111\u1ec3 d\u1ef1 \u0111o\u00e1n th\u00e2n t\u00ean l\u1eeda s\u1ebd r\u01a1i \u1edf \u0111\u00e2u do c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u bi\u1ebfn s\u1ed1. Tuy nhi\u00ean, c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u \u0111\u00e3 ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n ra r\u1eb1ng nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng \u1edf Nam b\u00e1n c\u1ea7u ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ed1i m\u1eb7t v\u1edbi nguy c\u01a1 b\u1ecb m\u1ea3nh v\u1ee1 t\u00ean l\u1eeda r\u01a1i tr\u00fang cao h\u01a1n. Nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n l\u00e0 do th\u00e2n t\u00ean l\u1eeda c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng r\u01a1i \u1edf c\u00e1c v\u0129 \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 nh\u01b0 Jakarta, Dhaka v\u00e0 Lagos h\u01a1n l\u00e0 \u1edf c\u00e1c v\u0129 \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a New York, B\u1eafc Kinh hay Moscow.<\/p>\n\n

Chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1ea3m thi\u1ec3u<\/h2>\n\n

C\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 hi\u1ec7n c\u00f3 cho ph\u00e9p \u0111\u01b0a th\u00e2n t\u00ean l\u1eeda tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i Tr\u00e1i \u0111\u1ea5t m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch an to\u00e0n, nh\u01b0ng c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecba \u0111i\u1ec3m ph\u00f3ng v\u00e0 c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng ty th\u01b0\u1eddng mi\u1ec5n c\u01b0\u1ee1ng ch\u1ecbu nh\u1eefng chi ph\u00ed li\u00ean quan. Tuy nhi\u00ean, c\u00e1c chuy\u00ean gia cho r\u1eb1ng v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u1edbi \u00fd ch\u00ed ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb v\u00e0 c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i.<\/p>\n\n

M\u1ed9t chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00e0 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng t\u00e1i nh\u1eadp c\u00f3 ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t, trong \u0111\u00f3 t\u00ean l\u1eeda \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ed1 \u00fd \u0111\u01b0a ra kh\u1ecfi qu\u1ef9 \u0111\u1ea1o v\u00e0 h\u01b0\u1edbng \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ecba \u0111i\u1ec3m h\u1ea1 c\u00e1nh an to\u00e0n. M\u1ed9t ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p kh\u00e1c l\u00e0 thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf t\u00ean l\u1eeda c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 v\u1ee1 th\u00e0nh nh\u1eefng m\u1ea3nh nh\u1ecf h\u01a1n khi t\u00e1i nh\u1eadp, gi\u00fap gi\u1ea3m nguy c\u01a1 h\u01b0 h\u1ea1i.<\/p>\n\n

T\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u1ec1 m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng v\u00e0 kinh t\u1ebf<\/h2>\n\n

Ngo\u00e0i m\u1ed1i nguy hi\u1ec3m khi t\u00e1i nh\u1eadp, c\u00e1c th\u00e2n t\u00ean l\u1eeda c\u00f2n l\u1ea1i tr\u00ean qu\u1ef9 \u0111\u1ea1o trong kh\u00f4ng gian c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 g\u00e2y ra nguy c\u01a1 va ch\u1ea1m \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi v\u1ec7 tinh v\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ph\u00e1t n\u1ed5 do nhi\u00ean li\u1ec7u c\u00f2n s\u00f3t l\u1ea1i tr\u00ean t\u00e0u. Nh\u1eefng m\u1ea3nh v\u1ee1 tr\u00ean qu\u1ef9 \u0111\u1ea1o n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m gi\u00e1n \u0111o\u1ea1n li\u00ean l\u1ea1c v\u1ec7 tinh, h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u1ecb v\u00e0 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u khoa h\u1ecdc.<\/p>\n\n

Nh\u1eefng t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t kinh t\u1ebf c\u1ee7a m\u1ea3nh v\u1ee1 t\u00ean l\u1eeda kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 r\u1ea5t l\u1edbn. V\u1ec7 tinh b\u1ecb h\u01b0 h\u1ea1i ho\u1eb7c m\u1ea5t c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn gi\u00e1n \u0111o\u1ea1n trong l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c th\u00f4ng tin li\u00ean l\u1ea1c, giao th\u00f4ng v\u1eadn t\u1ea3i v\u00e0 d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 t\u00e0i ch\u00ednh, g\u00e2y thi\u1ec7t h\u1ea1i h\u00e0ng t\u1ef7 \u0111\u00f4 la. Ngo\u00e0i ra, vi\u1ec7c d\u1ecdn d\u1eb9p v\u00e0 lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf m\u1ea3nh v\u1ee1 tr\u00ean qu\u1ef9 \u0111\u1ea1o l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c t\u1ed1n k\u00e9m v\u00e0 ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p.<\/p>\n\n

Nh\u1eefng c\u00e2n nh\u1eafc v\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c<\/h2>\n\n

Vi\u1ec7c m\u1ea3nh v\u1ee1 t\u00ean l\u1eeda t\u00e1i nh\u1eadp kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t l\u00e0m d\u1ea5y l\u00ean nh\u1eefng lo ng\u1ea1i v\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c. Th\u1eadt kh\u00f4ng c\u00f4ng b\u1eb1ng khi khi\u1ebfn con ng\u01b0\u1eddi, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u1edf Nam b\u00e1n c\u1ea7u, ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ed1i m\u1eb7t v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng r\u1ee7i ro kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft ho\u1eb7c \u0111\u1ed3ng \u00fd c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd.<\/p>\n\n

H\u01a1n n\u1eefa, s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n b\u1ec1n v\u1eefng c\u1ee7a ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng th\u0103m d\u00f2 kh\u00f4ng gian \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi c\u00e1c th\u00f4ng l\u1ec7 c\u00f3 tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m, nh\u1eb1m gi\u1ea3m thi\u1ec3u t\u1ed1i \u0111a vi\u1ec7c t\u1ea1o ra m\u1ea3nh v\u1ee1 tr\u00ean qu\u1ef9 \u0111\u1ea1o v\u00e0 b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 s\u1ef1 an to\u00e0n c\u1ee7a c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c t\u00e0i s\u1ea3n trong kh\u00f4ng gian l\u1eabn con ng\u01b0\u1eddi tr\u00ean Tr\u00e1i \u0111\u1ea5t.<\/p>\n\n

Khung ph\u00e1p l\u00fd v\u00e0 qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd<\/h2>\n\n

Hi\u1ec7n ch\u01b0a c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t khu\u00f4n kh\u1ed5 qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf to\u00e0n di\u1ec7n n\u00e0o \u0111\u1ec3 qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd m\u1ea3nh v\u1ee1 t\u00ean l\u1eeda. Tuy nhi\u00ean, m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 qu\u1ed1c gia \u0111\u00e3 th\u00f4ng qua c\u00e1c quy \u0111\u1ecbnh ho\u1eb7c h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn qu\u1ed1c gia. V\u00ed d\u1ee5, C\u1ee5c Qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd H\u00e0ng kh\u00f4ng Li\u00ean bang Hoa K\u1ef3 (FAA) y\u00eau c\u1ea7u c\u00e1c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng ph\u00f3ng t\u00ean l\u1eeda th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea1i ph\u1ea3i gi\u1ea3m thi\u1ec3u t\u1ed1i \u0111a nguy c\u01a1 m\u1ea3nh v\u1ee1 t\u00e1i nh\u1eadp.<\/p>\n\n

C\u1ea7n c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 h\u1ee3p t\u00e1c qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf \u0111\u1ec3 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng v\u00e0 th\u1ef1c thi c\u00e1c ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u v\u1ec1 vi\u1ec7c lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf m\u1ea3nh v\u1ee1 t\u00ean l\u1eeda m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch an to\u00e0n. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 bao g\u1ed3m c\u00e1c th\u1ecfa thu\u1eadn v\u1ec1 vi\u1ec7c t\u00e1i nh\u1eadp c\u00f3 ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t, theo d\u00f5i m\u1ea3nh v\u1ee1 v\u00e0 tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m ph\u00e1p l\u00fd \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng thi\u1ec7t h\u1ea1i do t\u00e1i nh\u1eadp kh\u00f4ng ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t g\u00e2y ra.<\/p>\n\n

K\u1ebft lu\u1eadn<\/h2>\n\n

M\u1ea3nh v\u1ee1 t\u00ean l\u1eeda t\u00e1i nh\u1eadp kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t m\u1ed1i nguy hi\u1ec3m nghi\u00eam tr\u1ecdng nh\u01b0ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 tr\u00e1nh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. B\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c th\u00f4ng l\u1ec7 c\u00f3 tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m, \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 v\u00e0o c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 gi\u1ea3m thi\u1ec3u v\u00e0 thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp c\u00e1c khu\u00f4n kh\u1ed5 ph\u00e1p l\u00fd v\u00e0 qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng, ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3m thi\u1ec3u t\u1ed1i \u0111a nh\u1eefng r\u1ee7i ro li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng ph\u00f3ng t\u00ean l\u1eeda v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n b\u1ec1n v\u1eefng c\u1ee7a ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng th\u00e1m hi\u1ec3m kh\u00f4ng gian.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

M\u1ea3nh v\u1ee1 t\u00ean l\u1eeda: M\u1ed1i nguy hi\u1ec3m ti\u1ec1m \u1ea9n t\u1eeb kh\u00f4ng gian Hi\u1ec3u v\u1ec1 r\u1ee7i ro Ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng ph\u00f3ng t\u00ean l\u1eeda ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn, nh\u01b0ng \u0111i\u1ec1u g\u00ec s\u1ebd x\u1ea3y…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":6,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[494],"tags":[16618,16617,16619,16620,16621],"class_list":["post-12302","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-space-exploration","tag-space-safety","tag-rocket-debris","tag-orbital-debris","tag-re-entry-risk","tag-space-sustainability"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/12302","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/6"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=12302"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/12302\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":12303,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/12302\/revisions\/12303"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=12302"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=12302"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=12302"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}