B\u00e1nh m\u00ec v\u00e0 mu\u1ed1i, hai m\u1eb7t h\u00e0ng ch\u1ee7 l\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a n\u1ec1n \u1ea9m th\u1ef1c Ph\u00e1p, \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u00f3ng m\u1ed9t vai tr\u00f2 quan tr\u1ecdng trong s\u1ef1 b\u00f9ng n\u1ed5 c\u1ee7a C\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng Ph\u00e1p. B\u00e1nh m\u00ec n\u00f3i ri\u00eang g\u1eafn li\u1ec1n s\u00e2u s\u1eafc v\u1edbi b\u1ea3n s\u1eafc d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c Ph\u00e1p. Ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 c\u00f4ng nh\u1eadn t\u1ea7m quan tr\u1ecdng c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t \u201cd\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 c\u00f4ng \u00edch c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ec3 ng\u0103n ch\u1eb7n ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00e2n b\u1ea1o lo\u1ea1n\u201d. Nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u1ee3 l\u00e0m b\u00e1nh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c coi l\u00e0\u516c\u52a1\u5458, v\u00e0 c\u1ea3nh s\u00e1t qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd ch\u1eb7t ch\u1ebd vi\u1ec7c s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t b\u00e1nh m\u00ec.<\/p>\n\n
Tuy nhi\u00ean, m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1t c\u00e1c v\u1ee5 m\u1ea5t m\u00f9a v\u00e0o c\u00e1c n\u0103m 1788 v\u00e0 1789 \u0111\u00e3 khi\u1ebfn gi\u00e1 b\u00e1nh m\u00ec t\u0103ng v\u1ecdt, chi\u1ebfm t\u1edbi 88% ti\u1ec1n l\u01b0\u01a1ng h\u00e0ng ng\u00e0y c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi lao \u0111\u1ed9ng trung b\u00ecnh. Nh\u1eefng kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n kinh t\u1ebf n\u00e0y, c\u00f9ng v\u1edbi vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u00e1nh thu\u1ebf mu\u1ed1i \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi ngh\u00e8o m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch b\u1ea5t c\u00f4ng, \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m gia t\u0103ng s\u1ef1 ph\u1eabn n\u1ed9 \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi t\u1ea7ng l\u1edbp th\u1ed1ng tr\u1ecb.<\/p>\n\n
S\u1ef1 t\u1ee9c gi\u1eadn v\u00e0 th\u1ea5t v\u1ecdng ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng gia t\u0103ng \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ec9nh \u0111i\u1ec3m trong cu\u1ed9c t\u1ea5n c\u00f4ng v\u00e0o Bastille, m\u1ed9t ph\u00e1o \u0111\u00e0i v\u00e0 nh\u00e0 t\u00f9 th\u1eddi trung c\u1ed5 \u1edf Paris, v\u00e0o ng\u00e0y 14 th\u00e1ng 7 n\u0103m 1789. S\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e1nh d\u1ea5u s\u1ef1 kh\u1edfi \u0111\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a C\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng Ph\u00e1p v\u00e0 cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng l\u00e0 s\u1ef1\u63a8\u7ffb ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9\u541b\u4e3b\u7acb\u61b2.<\/p>\n\n
C\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng Ph\u00e1p \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng s\u00e2u s\u1eafc \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a n\u1ec1n v\u0103n h\u00f3a \u1ea9m th\u1ef1c Ph\u00e1p. Vi\u1ec7c b\u00e3i b\u1ecf h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ph\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ed9i ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t ng\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p th\u1ef1c ph\u1ea9m \u0111\u00e3 gi\u00fap vi\u1ec7c m\u1edf c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 h\u00e0ng tr\u1edf n\u00ean d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng h\u01a1n. Ngo\u00e0i ra, s\u1ef1 ra \u0111i c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 qu\u00fd t\u1ed9c c\u00f9ng nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea7u b\u1ebfp v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi h\u1ea7u c\u0169 c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd \u0111\u00e3 t\u1ea1o ra m\u1ed9t nh\u00f3m nh\u1eefng c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n c\u00f3 tay ngh\u1ec1 cao \u0111ang t\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m m\u1edbi.<\/p>\n\n
Paris tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh trung t\u00e2m c\u1ee7a n\u1ec1n c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p nh\u00e0 h\u00e0ng \u0111ang ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd. N\u0103m 1765, m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u00e1n n\u01b0\u1edbc d\u00f9ng t\u00ean l\u00e0 Boulanger \u0111\u00e3 m\u1edf c\u1eeda h\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean gi\u1ed1ng v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t nh\u00e0 h\u00e0ng hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i. Tuy nhi\u00ean, ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ebfn Grande Taverne de Londres c\u1ee7a Beauvilliers, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp v\u00e0o n\u0103m 1782, m\u1edbi \u0111\u01b0a ra kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m v\u1ec1 th\u1ef1c \u0111\u01a1n v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng chi\u1ebfc b\u00e0n ri\u00eang l\u1ebb.<\/p>\n\n
C\u00e2u n\u00f3i kh\u00e9t ti\u1ebfng \u201cH\u00e3y \u0111\u1ec3 h\u1ecd \u0103n b\u00e1nh ng\u1ecdt\u201d th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u00e1n cho Marie Antoinette, n\u1eef ho\u00e0ng n\u01b0\u1edbc Ph\u00e1p trong th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng. M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 t\u00ednh ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c v\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t l\u1ecbch s\u1eed c\u1ee7a ph\u00e1t ng\u00f4n n\u00e0y c\u00f2n g\u00e2y tranh c\u00e3i, nh\u01b0ng n\u00f3 ph\u1ea3n \u00e1nh nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c r\u1ed9ng r\u00e3i v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 th\u1edd \u01a1 c\u1ee7a ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 qu\u00e2n ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi t\u00ecnh c\u1ea3nh kh\u1ed1n kh\u1ed5 c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi ngh\u00e8o.<\/p>\n\n
C\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng Ph\u00e1p l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p v\u1edbi nhi\u1ec1u nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n. Tuy nhi\u00ean, vai tr\u00f2 c\u1ee7a th\u1ef1c ph\u1ea9m, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 b\u00e1nh m\u00ec v\u00e0 mu\u1ed1i, trong vi\u1ec7c ch\u00e2m ng\u00f2i cho t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng b\u1ea5t \u1ed5n trong qu\u1ea7n ch\u00fang l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 ph\u1ee7 nh\u1eadn. Cu\u1ed9c c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ea3o l\u1ed9n ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb m\u00e0 c\u00f2n \u0111\u1eb7t n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng cho s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n r\u1ef1c r\u1ee1 c\u1ee7a \u1ea9m th\u1ef1c Ph\u00e1p v\u00e0 n\u1ec1n c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p nh\u00e0 h\u00e0ng hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i.<\/p>\n\n
C\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng Ph\u00e1p: Khi th\u1ef1c ph\u1ea9m ch\u00e2m ng\u00f2i cho s\u1ef1 bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a c\u1ea3 qu\u1ed1c gia B\u00e1nh m\u00ec v\u00e0 mu\u1ed1i: Nh\u1eefng th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft y\u1ebfu c\u1ee7a \u1ea9m th\u1ef1c Ph\u00e1p v\u00e0…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":24050,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[5505,1771,7146,347,3352],"class_list":["post-12387","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-uncategorized","tag-bread","tag-social-unrest","tag-french-revolution","tag-food-history","tag-salt"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/12387","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=12387"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/12387\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":12388,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/12387\/revisions\/12388"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/24050"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=12387"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=12387"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=12387"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}