{"id":12391,"date":"2021-08-08T03:48:19","date_gmt":"2021-08-08T03:48:19","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/?p=12391"},"modified":"2021-08-08T03:48:19","modified_gmt":"2021-08-08T03:48:19","slug":"the-tongue-map-a-common-misunderstanding","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/science\/life-sciences\/the-tongue-map-a-common-misunderstanding\/","title":{"rendered":"B\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ed3 l\u01b0\u1ee1i: M\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 hi\u1ec3u l\u1ea7m ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn"},"content":{"rendered":"

B\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ed3 l\u01b0\u1ee1i: M\u1ed9t hi\u1ec3u l\u1ea7m ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn<\/h2>\n\n

M\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u00e3 t\u1eebng th\u1ea5y b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ed3 l\u01b0\u1ee1i, s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 l\u01b0\u1ee1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c v\u00f9ng kh\u00e1c nhau d\u00e0nh cho c\u00e1c v\u1ecb kh\u00e1c nhau: ng\u1ecdt \u1edf ph\u00eda tr\u01b0\u1edbc, m\u1eb7n v\u00e0 chua \u1edf hai b\u00ean, \u0111\u1eafng \u1edf ph\u00eda sau. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh mang t\u00ednh bi\u1ec3u t\u01b0\u1ee3ng trong nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u v\u1ec1 v\u1ecb gi\u00e1c, nh\u01b0ng n\u00f3 l\u1ea1i sai.<\/p>\n\n

C\u00e1c th\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 v\u1ecb gi\u00e1c: Ch\u00fang ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o<\/h2>\n\n

C\u00e1c th\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 v\u1ecb gi\u00e1c kh\u00f4ng gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n \u1edf nh\u1eefng v\u00f9ng c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 c\u1ee7a l\u01b0\u1ee1i. Thay v\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3, ch\u00fang ph\u00e2n b\u1ed1 kh\u1eafp b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t l\u01b0\u1ee1i. C\u00e1c th\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 n\u00e0y ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n b\u1ed1n v\u1ecb c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n: ng\u1ecdt, m\u1eb7n, chua v\u00e0 \u0111\u1eafng. Umami, v\u1ecb ng\u1ecdt c\u1ee7a glutamat (c\u00f3 trong b\u1ed9t ng\u1ecdt hay MSG), hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00f4ng nh\u1eadn l\u00e0 v\u1ecb c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n th\u1ee9 n\u0103m.<\/p>\n\n

Ng\u01b0\u1ee1ng nh\u1eadn bi\u1ebft v\u1ecb gi\u00e1c<\/h2>\n\n

\u0110\u1ed9 nh\u1ea1y c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c th\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 v\u1ecb gi\u00e1c thay \u0111\u1ed5i tr\u00ean l\u01b0\u1ee1i. \u0110\u1ea7u l\u01b0\u1ee1i v\u00e0 c\u00e1c c\u1ea1nh \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t nh\u1ea1y c\u1ea3m v\u00ec ch\u00fang ch\u1ee9a nhi\u1ec1u n\u00fam v\u1ecb gi\u00e1c, c\u00e1c c\u01a1 quan c\u1ea3m gi\u00e1c \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n v\u1ecb gi\u00e1c. Tuy nhi\u00ean, s\u1ef1 kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t v\u1ec1 \u0111\u1ed9 nh\u1ea1y r\u1ea5t nh\u1ecf v\u00e0 m\u1ecdi v\u00f9ng tr\u00ean l\u01b0\u1ee1i \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u1ea3m nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ecdi v\u1ecb.<\/p>\n\n

Ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c c\u1ee7a b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ed3 l\u01b0\u1ee1i<\/h2>\n\n

B\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ed3 l\u01b0\u1ee1i b\u1eaft ngu\u1ed3n t\u1eeb m\u1ed9t nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u n\u0103m 1901 c\u1ee7a nh\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0110\u1ee9c David P. H\u00e4nig. H\u00e4nig \u0111\u00e3 \u0111o ng\u01b0\u1ee1ng nh\u1eadn bi\u1ebft v\u1ecb gi\u00e1c xung quanh c\u00e1c c\u1ea1nh c\u1ee7a l\u01b0\u1ee1i. K\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng cho th\u1ea5y c\u00e1c ph\u1ea7n kh\u00e1c nhau c\u1ee7a l\u01b0\u1ee1i c\u00f3 ng\u01b0\u1ee1ng th\u1ea5p h\u01a1n m\u1ed9t ch\u00fat \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 v\u1ecb nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh.<\/p>\n\n

Tuy nhi\u00ean, bi\u1ec3u \u0111\u1ed3 v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c ph\u00e9p \u0111o c\u1ee7a H\u00e4nig mang t\u00ednh di\u1ec5n gi\u1ea3i ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt nhi\u1ec1u h\u01a1n l\u00e0 m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c. N\u00f3 khi\u1ebfn cho c\u00f3 v\u1ebb nh\u01b0 c\u00e1c ph\u1ea7n kh\u00e1c nhau c\u1ee7a l\u01b0\u1ee1i ch\u1ecbu tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m cho c\u00e1c v\u1ecb kh\u00e1c nhau.<\/p>\n\n

V\u00e0o nh\u1eefng n\u0103m 1940, gi\u00e1o s\u01b0 t\u00e2m l\u00fd h\u1ecdc Edwin G. Boring c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc Harvard \u0111\u00e3 t\u01b0\u1edfng t\u01b0\u1ee3ng l\u1ea1i bi\u1ec3u \u0111\u1ed3 c\u1ee7a H\u00e4nig trong cu\u1ed1n s\u00e1ch Sensation and Perception in the History of Experimental Psychology (C\u1ea3m gi\u00e1c v\u00e0 nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c trong l\u1ecbch s\u1eed c\u1ee7a T\u00e2m l\u00fd h\u1ecdc th\u1ef1c nghi\u1ec7m) c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh. Phi\u00ean b\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a Boring kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 thang \u0111o c\u00f3 \u00fd ngh\u0129a, d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 ra \u0111\u1eddi c\u1ee7a b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ed3 l\u01b0\u1ee1i nh\u01b0 ch\u00fang ta bi\u1ebft ng\u00e0y nay.<\/p>\n\n

B\u1eb1ng ch\u1ee9ng khoa h\u1ecdc ch\u1ed1ng l\u1ea1i b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ed3 l\u01b0\u1ee1i<\/h2>\n\n

Nhi\u1ec1u th\u00ed nghi\u1ec7m \u0111\u00e3 b\u00e1c b\u1ecf b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ed3 l\u01b0\u1ee1i. V\u00ed d\u1ee5, c\u00e1c nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ec9 ra r\u1eb1ng m\u1ecdi v\u00f9ng trong mi\u1ec7ng c\u00f3 ch\u1ee9a c\u00e1c n\u00fam v\u1ecb gi\u00e1c, bao g\u1ed3m c\u1ea3 l\u01b0\u1ee1i, v\u00f2m mi\u1ec7ng m\u1ec1m v\u00e0 c\u1ed5 h\u1ecdng, \u0111\u1ec1u nh\u1ea1y c\u1ea3m v\u1edbi m\u1ecdi lo\u1ea1i v\u1ecb.<\/p>\n\n

T\u1ed5n th\u01b0\u01a1ng d\u00e2y th\u1ea7n kinh chorda tympani, d\u00e2y th\u1ea7n kinh cung c\u1ea5p c\u1ea3m gi\u00e1c v\u1ecb gi\u00e1c cho ph\u00eda tr\u01b0\u1edbc l\u01b0\u1ee1i, kh\u00f4ng l\u00e0m m\u1ea5t kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng c\u1ea3m nh\u1eadn v\u1ecb ng\u1ecdt. Tr\u00ean th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf, nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ecb t\u1ed5n th\u01b0\u01a1ng d\u00e2y th\u1ea7n kinh chorda tympani c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng c\u1ea3m nh\u1eadn v\u1ecb ng\u1ecdt t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n.<\/p>\n\n

Sinh h\u1ecdc ph\u00e2n t\u1eed v\u00e0 c\u00e1c th\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 v\u1ecb gi\u00e1c<\/h2>\n\n

Sinh h\u1ecdc ph\u00e2n t\u1eed hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i c\u0169ng ph\u1ea3n b\u00e1c b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ed3 l\u01b0\u1ee1i. C\u00e1c nh\u00e0 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u \u0111\u00e3 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1c protein th\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 tr\u00ean c\u00e1c t\u1ebf b\u00e0o v\u1ecb gi\u00e1c ch\u1ecbu tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n c\u00e1c ph\u00e2n t\u1eed v\u1ecb gi\u00e1c. C\u00e1c th\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 v\u1ecb ng\u1ecdt c\u00f3 \u1edf kh\u1eafp mi\u1ec7ng, kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 \u1edf ph\u00eda tr\u01b0\u1edbc. T\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, c\u00e1c th\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 v\u1ecb \u0111\u1eafng c\u00f3 \u1edf m\u1ecdi v\u00f9ng v\u1ecb gi\u00e1c.<\/p>\n\n

Th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf<\/h2>\n\n

C\u00e1ch t\u1ed1t nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ec3 v\u1ea1ch tr\u1ea7n b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ed3 l\u01b0\u1ee1i l\u00e0 ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t th\u00ed nghi\u1ec7m \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n. Pha m\u1ed9t t\u00e1ch c\u00e0 ph\u00ea, m\u1edf m\u1ed9t lon n\u01b0\u1edbc ng\u1ecdt v\u00e0 ch\u1ea1m m\u1ed9t chi\u1ebfc b\u00e1nh quy m\u1eb7n v\u00e0o \u0111\u1ea7u l\u01b0\u1ee1i. B\u1ea1n s\u1ebd nhanh ch\u00f3ng nh\u1eadn ra r\u1eb1ng l\u01b0\u1ee1i c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u1ea3m nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ecdi v\u1ecb, b\u1ea5t k\u1ec3 v\u1ecb tr\u00ed c\u1ee7a n\u00f3.<\/p>\n\n

M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 c\u00f3 b\u1eb1ng ch\u1ee9ng khoa h\u1ecdc, b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ed3 l\u01b0\u1ee1i v\u1eabn t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i trong ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c ph\u1ed5 th\u00f4ng v\u00e0 v\u1eabn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1ea3ng d\u1ea1y trong nhi\u1ec1u l\u1edbp h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 s\u00e1ch gi\u00e1o khoa. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 minh ch\u1ee9ng cho s\u1ee9c m\u1ea1nh c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c bi\u1ec3u di\u1ec5n tr\u1ef1c quan v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n trong vi\u1ec7c x\u00f3a b\u1ecf nh\u1eefng quan ni\u1ec7m sai l\u1ea7m sau khi ch\u00fang \u0111\u00e3 \u0103n s\u00e2u.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

B\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ed3 l\u01b0\u1ee1i: M\u1ed9t hi\u1ec3u l\u1ea7m ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn M\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u00e3 t\u1eebng th\u1ea5y b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ed3 l\u01b0\u1ee1i, s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 l\u01b0\u1ee1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c v\u00f9ng kh\u00e1c nhau d\u00e0nh cho c\u00e1c v\u1ecb kh\u00e1c…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":6,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[762],"tags":[16752,700,16751,5150,16750,2914],"class_list":["post-12391","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-life-sciences","tag-tongue-map","tag-sensory-science","tag-taste-perception","tag-misconceptions","tag-taste-buds","tag-taste"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/12391","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/6"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=12391"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/12391\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":12392,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/12391\/revisions\/12392"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=12391"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=12391"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=12391"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}