{"id":12513,"date":"2025-09-19T09:36:29","date_gmt":"2025-09-19T09:36:29","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/?p=12513"},"modified":"2025-09-19T09:36:29","modified_gmt":"2025-09-19T09:36:29","slug":"rats-experience-regret-evidence-from-neuroscience","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/science\/animal-behavior\/rats-experience-regret-evidence-from-neuroscience\/","title":{"rendered":"Chu\u1ed9t c\u0169ng bi\u1ebft h\u1ed1i ti\u1ebfc? Khoa h\u1ecdc th\u1ea7n kinh h\u00e9 l\u1ed9 \u0111i\u1ec1u b\u1ea5t ng\u1edd!"},"content":{"rendered":"

Chu\u1ed9t c\u0169ng bi\u1ebft h\u1ed1i ti\u1ebfc: B\u1eb1ng ch\u1ee9ng t\u1eeb ng\u00e0nh khoa h\u1ecdc th\u1ea7n kinh<\/h2>\n\n

M\u1eabu h\u00ecnh n\u00e3o b\u1ed9 v\u00e0 h\u00e0nh vi \u1ee7ng h\u1ed9 gi\u1ea3 thuy\u1ebft v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 h\u1ed1i ti\u1ebfc<\/h3>\n\n

C\u00e1c nh\u00e0 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u \u0111\u00e3 ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n ra r\u1eb1ng chu\u1ed9t, gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 con ng\u01b0\u1eddi, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 tr\u1ea3i nghi\u1ec7m s\u1ef1 h\u1ed1i ti\u1ebfc. Ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n n\u00e0y th\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c ni\u1ec1m tin \u0111\u00e3 t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i t\u1eeb l\u00e2u r\u1eb1ng s\u1ef1 h\u1ed1i ti\u1ebfc l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t c\u1ea3m x\u00fac \u0111\u1ed9c nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi.<\/p>\n\n

Thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u v\u00e0 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p<\/h2>\n\n

C\u00e1c nh\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc \u0111\u00e3 theo d\u00f5i ch\u1eb7t ch\u1ebd ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng n\u00e3o b\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a b\u1ed1n con chu\u1ed9t b\u1eb1ng \u0111i\u1ec7n c\u1ef1c. H\u1ecd t\u1eadp trung v\u00e0o hai v\u00f9ng n\u00e3o quan tr\u1ecdng \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi vi\u1ec7c ra quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh. Sau \u0111\u00f3, nh\u1eefng con chu\u1ed9t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1eb7t trong m\u1ed9t m\u00ea cung ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p trong m\u1ed9t gi\u1edd.<\/p>\n\n

M\u00ea cung bao g\u1ed3m m\u1ed9t v\u00f2ng tr\u00f2n trung t\u00e2m v\u1edbi b\u1ed1n nan hoa t\u1ecfa ra. \u1ede cu\u1ed1i ba nan hoa l\u00e0 th\u1ee9c \u0103n c\u00f3 h\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u1ecb chu\u1ed1i, anh \u0111\u00e0o ho\u1eb7c s\u00f4 c\u00f4 la. Nan hoa th\u1ee9 t\u01b0 d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c \u0103n kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 h\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u1ecb. M\u1ed9t \u00e2m b\u00e1o vang l\u00ean khi chu\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ed9t nan hoa, cho bi\u1ebft th\u1eddi gian ch\u1edd \u0111\u1ee3i th\u1ee9c \u0103n (t\u1eeb 1 \u0111\u1ebfn 45 gi\u00e2y).<\/p>\n\n

H\u00e0nh vi h\u1ed1i ti\u1ebfc \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c quan s\u00e1t th\u1ea5y<\/h2>\n\n

Nh\u1eefng con chu\u1ed9t ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ed1i m\u1eb7t v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn: ch\u1edd \u0111\u1ee3i th\u1ee9c \u0103n ho\u1eb7c chuy\u1ec3n sang nan hoa ti\u1ebfp theo v\u1edbi hy v\u1ecdng th\u1eddi gian ch\u1edd \u0111\u1ee3i ng\u1eafn h\u01a1n. Khi chu\u1ed9t \u0111\u01b0a ra m\u1ed9t quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh sai l\u1ea7m, ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n nh\u01b0 b\u1ecf qua m\u1ed9t m\u00f3n \u0103n \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1edd \u0111\u1ee3i l\u00e2u h\u01a1n, ch\u00fang \u0111\u00e3 th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n nh\u1eefng d\u1ea5u hi\u1ec7u h\u1ed1i ti\u1ebfc r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng.<\/p>\n\n

B\u1eb1ng ch\u1ee9ng th\u1ea7n kinh v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 h\u1ed1i ti\u1ebfc<\/h2>\n\n

C\u00e1c nh\u00e0 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u \u0111\u00e3 theo d\u00f5i h\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u1ecb th\u1ee9c \u0103n m\u00e0 chu\u1ed9t \u0111ang ngh\u0129 \u0111\u1ebfn d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean c\u00e1c con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng t\u1ebf b\u00e0o th\u1ea7n kinh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c k\u00edch ho\u1ea1t trong n\u00e3o c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang. Nh\u1eefng con chu\u1ed9t h\u1ed1i ti\u1ebfc v\u1ec1 l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh s\u1ebd t\u1eadp trung v\u00e0o h\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u1ecb c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 m\u00e0 ch\u00fang \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ecf qua. Ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng th\u1ea7n kinh n\u00e0y cung c\u1ea5p b\u1eb1ng ch\u1ee9ng r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng v\u1ec1 suy ngh\u0129 h\u1ed1i ti\u1ebfc.<\/p>\n\n

\u00dd ngh\u0129a \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi vi\u1ec7c hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft v\u1ec1 tr\u00ed th\u00f4ng minh \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u1eadt<\/h2>\n\n

Nh\u1eefng ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n n\u00e0y l\u00e0m s\u00e1ng t\u1ecf kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a chu\u1ed9t. M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ecb b\u1ecf qua trong qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9, chu\u1ed9t c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c \u1ea5n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng. Nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u n\u00e0y cung c\u1ea5p b\u1eb1ng ch\u1ee9ng th\u1ea7n kinh v\u1ec1 h\u00e0nh vi h\u1ed1i ti\u1ebfc c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang, m\u1ed9t c\u1ea3m x\u00fac tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00e2y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c cho l\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 d\u00e0nh ri\u00eang cho con ng\u01b0\u1eddi.<\/p>\n\n

Vai tr\u00f2 c\u1ee7a n\u0103ng l\u1ef1c nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c trong s\u1ef1 h\u1ed1i ti\u1ebfc<\/h3>\n\n

Ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 h\u1ed1i ti\u1ebfc<\/h2>\n\n

S\u1ef1 h\u1ed1i ti\u1ebfc li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn vi\u1ec7c suy ng\u1eabm v\u1ec1 nh\u1eefng quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh trong qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9 v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 c\u00e1c c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i b\u1ecb b\u1ecf l\u1ee1. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c cao c\u1ea5p, bao g\u1ed3m tr\u00ed nh\u1edb, ra quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u00e0 x\u1eed l\u00fd c\u1ea3m x\u00fac. Kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng h\u1ed1i ti\u1ebfc c\u1ee7a chu\u1ed9t cho th\u1ea5y r\u1eb1ng ch\u00fang c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c n\u00e0y \u1edf m\u1ed9t m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3.<\/p>\n\n

\u00dd ngh\u0129a \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi vi\u1ec7c nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u c\u1ea3m x\u00fac c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi<\/h2>\n\n

Chu\u1ed9t \u0111\u00e3 n\u1ed5i l\u00ean nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh c\u00f3 gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb \u0111\u1ec3 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng c\u1ea3m x\u00fac c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y l\u00e0 do ch\u00fang chia s\u1ebb nhi\u1ec1u c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac n\u00e3o v\u00e0 qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c v\u1edbi con ng\u01b0\u1eddi. Vi\u1ec7c ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n ra s\u1ef1 h\u1ed1i ti\u1ebfc \u1edf chu\u1ed9t m\u1edf ra nh\u1eefng con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng m\u1edbi \u0111\u1ec3 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u c\u01a1 s\u1edf th\u1ea7n kinh c\u1ee7a c\u1ea3m x\u00fac c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi.<\/p>\n\n

\u00dd ngh\u0129a ti\u1ebfn h\u00f3a v\u00e0 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u trong t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai<\/h3>\n\n

Quan \u0111i\u1ec3m ti\u1ebfn h\u00f3a<\/h2>\n\n

S\u1ef1 h\u1ed1i ti\u1ebfc c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u00e3 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t c\u01a1 ch\u1ebf th\u00edch \u1ee9ng \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u00fap \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u1eadt \u0111\u01b0a ra c\u00e1c quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh s\u00e1ng su\u1ed1t h\u01a1n trong t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai. B\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch tr\u1ea3i nghi\u1ec7m s\u1ef1 h\u1ed1i ti\u1ebfc, \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u1eadt c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 h\u1ecdc h\u1ecfi t\u1eeb nh\u1eefng sai l\u1ea7m c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang v\u00e0 tr\u00e1nh l\u1eb7p l\u1ea1i ch\u00fang.<\/p>\n\n

H\u01b0\u1edbng nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u trong t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai<\/h2>\n\n

Nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u n\u00e0y cung c\u1ea5p m\u1ed9t n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng cho c\u00e1c nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u s\u00e2u h\u01a1n v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 h\u1ed1i ti\u1ebfc \u1edf \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u1eadt. C\u00e1c nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u trong t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111i\u1ec1u tra qu\u1ef9 \u0111\u1ea1o ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 h\u1ed1i ti\u1ebfc, t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 \u0111\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh vi x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i v\u00e0 vai tr\u00f2 ti\u1ec1m n\u0103ng c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 trong vi\u1ec7c ra quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh tr\u00ean c\u00e1c lo\u00e0i kh\u00e1c nhau.<\/p>\n\n

K\u1ebft lu\u1eadn<\/h2>\n\n

Vi\u1ec7c ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n ra s\u1ef1 h\u1ed1i ti\u1ebfc \u1edf chu\u1ed9t th\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c s\u1ef1 hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta v\u1ec1 c\u1ea3m x\u00fac v\u00e0 tr\u00ed th\u00f4ng minh c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u1eadt. N\u00f3 l\u00e0m n\u1ed5i b\u1eadt s\u1ef1 ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p v\u1ec1 nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng sinh v\u1eadt n\u00e0y v\u00e0 m\u1edf ra nh\u1eefng kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng th\u00fa v\u1ecb cho c\u00e1c nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u trong t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai v\u1ec1 c\u01a1 s\u1edf th\u1ea7n kinh c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 h\u1ed1i ti\u1ebfc v\u00e0 c\u00e1c c\u1ea3m x\u00fac kh\u00e1c gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 con ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u1edf \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u1eadt.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Chu\u1ed9t c\u0169ng bi\u1ebft h\u1ed1i ti\u1ebfc: B\u1eb1ng ch\u1ee9ng t\u1eeb ng\u00e0nh khoa h\u1ecdc th\u1ea7n kinh M\u1eabu h\u00ecnh n\u00e3o b\u1ed9 v\u00e0 h\u00e0nh vi \u1ee7ng h\u1ed9 gi\u1ea3 thuy\u1ebft v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 h\u1ed1i ti\u1ebfc C\u00e1c nh\u00e0…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":24957,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[312],"tags":[16904,807,14372,16905,1395,1394],"class_list":["post-12513","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-animal-behavior","tag-animal-emotions","tag-decision-making","tag-rats","tag-regret","tag-cognitive-neuroscience","tag-animal-intelligence"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/12513","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=12513"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/12513\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":24958,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/12513\/revisions\/24958"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/24957"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=12513"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=12513"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=12513"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}