{"id":12518,"date":"2022-02-27T01:59:16","date_gmt":"2022-02-27T01:59:16","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/?p=12518"},"modified":"2022-02-27T01:59:16","modified_gmt":"2022-02-27T01:59:16","slug":"rudimentary-wing-discs-determine-ant-soldier-development","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/science\/biology\/rudimentary-wing-discs-determine-ant-soldier-development\/","title":{"rendered":"Vai tr\u00f2 c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c \u0111\u0129a c\u00e1nh th\u00f4 s\u01a1 trong vi\u1ec7c x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u1eb3ng c\u1ea5p \u1edf ki\u1ebfn"},"content":{"rendered":"

C\u00e1ch m\u00e0 c\u00e1c \u0111\u0129a c\u00e1nh th\u00f4 s\u01a1 quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh lo\u1ea1i ki\u1ebfn n\u00e0o tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh ki\u1ebfn l\u00ednh<\/h2>\n\n

Ki\u1ebfn: M\u1ed9t lo\u00e0i c\u00f4n tr\u00f9ng x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i v\u1edbi h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1eb3ng c\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ed9c \u0111\u00e1o<\/h2>\n\n

Ki\u1ebfn l\u00e0 lo\u00e0i c\u00f4n tr\u00f9ng x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ebfn v\u1edbi c\u00e1c x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p v\u00e0 h\u00e0nh vi \u0111a d\u1ea1ng c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang. M\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m n\u1ed5i b\u1eadt nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c \u0111\u00e0n ki\u1ebfn l\u00e0 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1eb3ng c\u1ea5p c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang, trong \u0111\u00f3 c\u00e1c c\u00e1 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chia th\u00e0nh c\u00e1c nh\u00f3m kh\u00e1c nhau v\u1edbi c\u00e1c vai tr\u00f2 chuy\u00ean bi\u1ec7t. Hai \u0111\u1eb3ng c\u1ea5p ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 l\u00ednh v\u00e0 th\u1ee3. Ki\u1ebfn l\u00ednh c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ea7u l\u1edbn kh\u00f4ng c\u00e2n x\u1ee9ng v\u00e0 ch\u1ecbu tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 \u0111\u00e0n, trong khi ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee3 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n nhi\u1ec1u nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 kh\u00e1c nhau nh\u01b0 ki\u1ebfm \u0103n v\u00e0 nu\u00f4i \u1ea5u tr\u00f9ng.<\/p>\n\n

B\u00ed \u1ea9n v\u1ec1 c\u00e1ch x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u1eb3ng c\u1ea5p c\u1ee7a ki\u1ebfn<\/h2>\n\n

C\u00e1ch ki\u1ebfn ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n th\u00e0nh ki\u1ebfn l\u00ednh hay ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee3 t\u1eeb l\u00e2u \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t b\u00ed \u1ea9n \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc. Theo truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta cho r\u1eb1ng c\u00e1c y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng, ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n nh\u01b0 dinh d\u01b0\u1ee1ng v\u00e0 pheromone, \u0111\u00f3ng vai tr\u00f2 ch\u00ednh trong vi\u1ec7c x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u1eb3ng c\u1ea5p. Tuy nhi\u00ean, c\u00e1c nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u g\u1ea7n \u0111\u00e2y \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m s\u00e1ng t\u1ecf c\u00e1c y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 di truy\u1ec1n v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh n\u00e0y.<\/p>\n\n

Vai tr\u00f2 c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c \u0111\u0129a c\u00e1nh th\u00f4 s\u01a1<\/h2>\n\n

M\u1ed9t kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 quan tr\u1ecdng trong vi\u1ec7c x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u1eb3ng c\u1ea5p c\u1ee7a ki\u1ebfn l\u00e0 vai tr\u00f2 c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c \u0111\u0129a c\u00e1nh th\u00f4 s\u01a1. \u0110\u0129a c\u00e1nh l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng t\u00fai t\u1ebf b\u00e0o nh\u1ecf \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ecbnh s\u1eb5n ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n th\u00e0nh c\u00e1nh \u1edf ki\u1ebfn ch\u00faa. Tuy nhi\u00ean, \u1edf ki\u1ebfn l\u00ednh, nh\u1eefng \u0111\u0129a c\u00e1nh n\u00e0y ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n trong giai \u0111o\u1ea1n \u1ea5u tr\u00f9ng nh\u01b0ng sau \u0111\u00f3 ch\u1ebft trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh bi\u1ebfn th\u00e1i, khi\u1ebfn ki\u1ebfn kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 c\u00e1nh.<\/p>\n\n

Ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng b\u1ea5t ng\u1edd c\u1ee7a \u0111\u0129a c\u00e1nh<\/h2>\n\n

C\u00e1c nh\u00e0 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u \u0111\u00e3 ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n ra r\u1eb1ng nh\u1eefng \u0111\u0129a c\u00e1nh th\u00f4 s\u01a1 n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng v\u00f4 d\u1ee5ng nh\u01b0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta t\u1eebng ngh\u0129. Tr\u00ean th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf, ch\u00fang \u0111\u00f3ng m\u1ed9t vai tr\u00f2 quan tr\u1ecdng trong vi\u1ec7c x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh xem \u1ea5u tr\u00f9ng ki\u1ebfn c\u00f3 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n th\u00e0nh ki\u1ebfn l\u00ednh hay ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee3 kh\u00f4ng.<\/p>\n\n

S\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a ki\u1ebfn l\u00ednh: \u1ea2nh h\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a \u0111\u0129a c\u00e1nh<\/h2>\n\n

Trong giai \u0111o\u1ea1n \u1ea5u tr\u00f9ng, nh\u1eefng con ki\u1ebfn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ecbnh s\u1eb5n tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh l\u00ednh ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u00e1c \u0111\u0129a c\u00e1nh th\u00f4 s\u01a1 l\u1edbn. Nh\u1eefng \u0111\u0129a c\u00e1nh n\u00e0y g\u1eedi t\u00edn hi\u1ec7u k\u00edch th\u00edch s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn c\u01a1 th\u1ec3 kh\u00e1c, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea7u. \u0110\u0129a c\u00e1nh c\u00e0ng l\u1edbn th\u00ec \u0111\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a ki\u1ebfn tr\u01b0\u1edfng th\u00e0nh s\u1ebd c\u00e0ng l\u1edbn.<\/p>\n\n

S\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee3: S\u1ef1 v\u1eafng m\u1eb7t c\u1ee7a \u0111\u0129a c\u00e1nh<\/h2>\n\n

Ng\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i, ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee3 kh\u00f4ng ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u00e1c \u0111\u0129a c\u00e1nh l\u1edbn trong giai \u0111o\u1ea1n \u1ea5u tr\u00f9ng. Do \u0111\u00f3, ch\u00fang c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0 c\u01a1 th\u1ec3 nh\u1ecf h\u01a1n ki\u1ebfn l\u00ednh.<\/p>\n\n

Pheromone \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a ki\u1ebfn l\u00ednh<\/h2>\n\n

Ngo\u00e0i \u0111\u0129a c\u00e1nh, pheromone c\u0169ng \u0111\u00f3ng m\u1ed9t vai tr\u00f2 trong vi\u1ec7c \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a ki\u1ebfn l\u00ednh. Ki\u1ebfn l\u00ednh s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t m\u1ed9t pheromone hydrocarbon bi\u1ec3u b\u00ec \u1ee9c ch\u1ebf s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng con ki\u1ebfn l\u00ednh m\u1edbi. Pheromone n\u00e0y gi\u00fap duy tr\u00ec s\u1ef1 c\u00e2n b\u1eb1ng gi\u1eefa ki\u1ebfn l\u00ednh v\u00e0 ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee3 trong \u0111\u00e0n.<\/p>\n\n

\u00dd ngh\u0129a ti\u1ebfn h\u00f3a<\/h2>\n\n

Kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 v\u1ec1 vai tr\u00f2 c\u1ee7a \u0111\u0129a c\u00e1nh th\u00f4 s\u01a1 trong vi\u1ec7c x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u1eb3ng c\u1ea5p c\u1ee7a ki\u1ebfn c\u00f3 \u00fd ngh\u0129a to l\u1edbn \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta v\u1ec1 l\u1ecbch s\u1eed ti\u1ebfn h\u00f3a. Ki\u1ebfn th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 \u0111\u1ea7u c\u00f3 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1eb3ng c\u1ea5p \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n v\u1edbi ki\u1ebfn ch\u00faa c\u00f3 c\u00e1nh v\u00e0 ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee3 kh\u00f4ng c\u00e1nh. Theo th\u1eddi gian, \u0111\u1eb3ng c\u1ea5p th\u1ee3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t h\u01a1n n\u1eefa th\u00e0nh c\u00e1c \u0111\u1eb3ng c\u1ea5p ph\u1ee5, ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n nh\u01b0 l\u00ednh. C\u00e1c \u0111\u0129a c\u00e1nh th\u00f4 s\u01a1 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u00f3ng m\u1ed9t vai tr\u00f2 quan tr\u1ecdng trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh ti\u1ebfn h\u00f3a n\u00e0y b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch cung c\u1ea5p m\u1ed9t c\u01a1 ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ec3 ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0 h\u00ecnh d\u1ea1ng c\u01a1 th\u1ec3 kh\u00e1c nhau.<\/p>\n\n

C\u00e1c c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac tho\u00e1i h\u00f3a v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed5i m\u1edbi ti\u1ebfn h\u00f3a<\/h2>\n\n

S\u1ef1 kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 v\u1ec1 ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c \u0111\u0129a c\u00e1nh th\u00f4 s\u01a1 th\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c quan \u0111i\u1ec3m truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng cho r\u1eb1ng c\u00e1c c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac tho\u00e1i h\u00f3a, hay c\u00e1c c\u01a1 quan \u0111\u00e3 m\u1ea5t ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng ban \u0111\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang, ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng t\u00e0n t\u00edch c\u1ee7a qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh ti\u1ebfn h\u00f3a. Thay v\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3, \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y cho th\u1ea5y r\u1eb1ng nh\u1eefng c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u00f3ng vai tr\u00f2 quan tr\u1ecdng trong s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n v\u00e0 ti\u1ebfn h\u00f3a.<\/p>\n\n

C\u00e1c v\u00ed d\u1ee5 kh\u00e1c v\u1ec1 c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac tho\u00e1i h\u00f3a<\/h2>\n\n

Bu\u1ed3ng tr\u1ee9ng c\u1ee7a \u1ea5u tr\u00f9ng ong m\u1eadt th\u1ee3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t v\u00ed d\u1ee5 kh\u00e1c v\u1ec1 c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac tho\u00e1i h\u00f3a c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u00f3 ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng quan tr\u1ecdng. M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 ong m\u1eadt th\u1ee3 l\u00e0 lo\u00e0i v\u00f4 sinh v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng bao gi\u1edd sinh s\u1ea3n, ch\u00fang c\u00f3 bu\u1ed3ng tr\u1ee9ng l\u1edbn b\u1eb1ng bu\u1ed3ng tr\u1ee9ng c\u1ee7a ong ch\u00faa trong giai \u0111o\u1ea1n \u0111\u1ea7u ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n. Ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng bu\u1ed3ng tr\u1ee9ng n\u00e0y v\u1eabn ch\u01b0a \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bi\u1ebft r\u00f5, nh\u01b0ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n b\u00ecnh th\u01b0\u1eddng c\u1ee7a ong th\u1ee3.<\/p>\n\n

K\u1ebft lu\u1eadn<\/h2>\n\n

Kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 v\u1ec1 vai tr\u00f2 c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c \u0111\u0129a c\u00e1nh th\u00f4 s\u01a1 trong vi\u1ec7c x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u1eb3ng c\u1ea5p c\u1ee7a ki\u1ebfn \u0111\u00e3 cung c\u1ea5p nh\u1eefng hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft m\u1edbi v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 ti\u1ebfn h\u00f3a v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a c\u00f4n tr\u00f9ng x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i. N\u00f3 c\u0169ng th\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c quan \u0111i\u1ec3m truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac tho\u00e1i h\u00f3a v\u00e0 nh\u1ea5n m\u1ea1nh t\u1ea7m quan tr\u1ecdng c\u1ee7a vi\u1ec7c nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u c\u00e1c ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng ti\u1ec1m \u1ea9n c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

C\u00e1ch m\u00e0 c\u00e1c \u0111\u0129a c\u00e1nh th\u00f4 s\u01a1 quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh lo\u1ea1i ki\u1ebfn n\u00e0o tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh ki\u1ebfn l\u00ednh Ki\u1ebfn: M\u1ed9t lo\u00e0i c\u00f4n tr\u00f9ng x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i v\u1edbi h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1eb3ng c\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ed9c \u0111\u00e1o…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":6,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[288],"tags":[16910,7456,16909,6698,99,16908,136],"class_list":["post-12518","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-biology","tag-vestigial-structures","tag-social-insects","tag-rudimentary-wing-discs","tag-ants","tag-lifescienceart","tag-caste-determination","tag-evolution"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/12518","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/6"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=12518"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/12518\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":12519,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/12518\/revisions\/12519"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=12518"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=12518"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=12518"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}