N\u1ed9i chi\u1ebfn T\u00e2y Ban Nha n\u1ed5 ra n\u0103m 1936, khi ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 M\u1eb7t tr\u1eadn B\u00ecnh d\u00e2n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ea7u c\u1eed d\u00e2n ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ed1i \u0111\u1ea7u v\u1edbi l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng phi\u1ebfn lo\u1ea1n do t\u01b0\u1edbng Francisco Franco, m\u1ed9t k\u1ebb ph\u00e1t x\u00edt, l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o. Cu\u1ed9c chi\u1ebfn tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh cu\u1ed9c xung \u0111\u1ed9t \u1ee7y nhi\u1ec7m gi\u1eefa \u0110\u1ee9c Qu\u1ed1c x\u00e3 v\u00e0 \u00dd ph\u00e1t x\u00edt, nh\u1eefng n\u01b0\u1edbc \u1ee7ng h\u1ed9 Franco, v\u00e0 Li\u00ean X\u00f4, n\u01b0\u1edbc h\u1eadu thu\u1eabn phe C\u1ed9ng h\u00f2a.<\/p>\n\n
N\u1ed9i chi\u1ebfn T\u00e2y Ban Nha thu h\u00fat s\u1ef1 ch\u00fa \u00fd v\u00e0 can thi\u1ec7p c\u1ee7a qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf. Nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi tr\u1ebb tu\u1ed5i l\u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng t\u1eeb kh\u1eafp n\u01a1i tr\u00ean th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi \u0111\u1ed5 v\u1ec1 T\u00e2y Ban Nha \u0111\u1ec3 gia nh\u1eadp L\u1eef \u0111o\u00e0n Qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf do \u0110\u1ea3ng C\u1ed9ng s\u1ea3n t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c v\u00e0 chi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ea5u ch\u1ed1ng ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a ph\u00e1t x\u00edt. Tuy nhi\u00ean, c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc d\u00e2n ch\u1ee7 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng T\u00e2y, bao g\u1ed3m Hoa K\u1ef3, Anh v\u00e0 Ph\u00e1p, v\u1eabn gi\u1eef th\u00e1i \u0111\u1ed9 trung l\u1eadp v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng can thi\u1ec7p, v\u00ec lo ng\u1ea1i m\u1ed9t cu\u1ed9c xung \u0111\u1ed9t r\u1ed9ng l\u1edbn h\u01a1n.<\/p>\n\n
Cu\u1ed9c chi\u1ebfn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1eb7c tr\u01b0ng b\u1edfi nh\u1eefng cu\u1ed9c giao tranh t\u00e0n kh\u1ed1c v\u00e0 h\u00e0nh quy\u1ebft h\u00e0ng lo\u1ea1t \u1edf c\u1ea3 hai b\u00ean. L\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a Franco d\u1ea7n gi\u00e0nh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ebf th\u01b0\u1ee3ng phong, b\u1ea5t ch\u1ea5p s\u1ef1 h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 m\u00e0 phe C\u1ed9ng h\u00f2a nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1eeb Li\u00ean X\u00f4. Cu\u1ed9c chi\u1ebfn k\u00e9o d\u00e0i trong ba n\u0103m, v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng tr\u1eadn chi\u1ebfn v\u00e0 b\u1ebf t\u1eafc \u0111\u1eabm m\u00e1u m\u00e0 l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a Franco g\u1ea7n nh\u01b0 lu\u00f4n gi\u00e0nh chi\u1ebfn th\u1eafng.<\/p>\n\n
Nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u00ecnh nguy\u1ec7n Hoa K\u1ef3 \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u00f3ng m\u1ed9t vai tr\u00f2 quan tr\u1ecdng trong N\u1ed9i chi\u1ebfn T\u00e2y Ban Nha, chi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ea5u c\u00f9ng v\u1edbi L\u1eef \u0111o\u00e0n Qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf. Nh\u1eefng kinh nghi\u1ec7m c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd \u0111\u00e3 truy\u1ec1n c\u1ea3m h\u1ee9ng cho cu\u1ed1n ti\u1ec3u thuy\u1ebft kinh \u0111i\u1ec3n “Chu\u00f4ng nguy\u1ec7n h\u1ed3n ai” c\u1ee7a Ernest Hemingway.<\/p>\n\n
N\u1ed9i chi\u1ebfn T\u00e2y Ban Nha \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ec3 l\u1ea1i t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng s\u00e2u s\u1eafc \u0111\u1ebfn ch\u00e2u \u00c2u. N\u00f3 b\u00e1o tr\u01b0\u1edbc s\u1ef1 b\u00f9ng n\u1ed5 c\u1ee7a Th\u1ebf chi\u1ebfn th\u1ee9 II, v\u00ec n\u00f3 ch\u1ee9ng t\u1ecf m\u1ed1i \u0111e d\u1ecda ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng gia t\u0103ng c\u1ee7a ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a ph\u00e1t x\u00edt v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 kh\u00f4ng s\u1eb5n l\u00f2ng \u0111\u1ed1i \u0111\u1ea7u v\u1edbi ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a n\u00e0y c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc d\u00e2n ch\u1ee7 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng T\u00e2y. N\u00f3 c\u0169ng ph\u00e1 v\u1ee1 \u1ea3o t\u01b0\u1edfng v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 \u0111o\u00e0n k\u1ebft v\u00e0 \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u1ee7a ch\u00e2u \u00c2u.<\/p>\n\n
Chi\u1ebfn th\u1eafng c\u1ee7a Franco v\u00e0o n\u0103m 1939 \u0111\u00e3 thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 \u0111\u1ed9c t\u00e0i \u1edf T\u00e2y Ban Nha k\u00e9o d\u00e0i 36 n\u0103m. Cu\u1ed9c chi\u1ebfn \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ec3 l\u1ea1i m\u1ed9t v\u1ebft s\u1eb9o s\u00e2u s\u1eafc trong x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i T\u00e2y Ban Nha, chia r\u1ebd c\u00e1c gia \u0111\u00ecnh v\u00e0 c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng. Di s\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a cu\u1ed9c chi\u1ebfn v\u1eabn ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tranh lu\u1eadn v\u00e0 tranh c\u00e3i \u1edf T\u00e2y Ban Nha ng\u00e0y nay.<\/p>\n\n
N\u1ed9i chi\u1ebfn T\u00e2y Ban Nha l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec9nh \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ee7a nhi\u1ec1u th\u1eadp k\u1ef7 c\u0103ng th\u1eb3ng ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb, kinh t\u1ebf v\u00e0 x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i \u1edf T\u00e2y Ban Nha. Nh\u1eefng n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c c\u1ea3i c\u00e1ch c\u1ee7a ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 M\u1eb7t tr\u1eadn B\u00ecnh d\u00e2n, bao g\u1ed3m t\u00e1i ph\u00e2n ph\u1ed1i \u0111\u1ea5t \u0111ai v\u00e0 b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 ng\u01b0\u1eddi lao \u0111\u1ed9ng, \u0111\u00e3 v\u1ea5p ph\u1ea3i s\u1ef1 ph\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ed1i c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c ph\u1ea7n t\u1eed b\u1ea3o th\u1ee7 v\u00e0 qu\u00e2n \u0111\u1ed9i. Cu\u1ed9c kh\u1ee7ng ho\u1ea3ng kinh t\u1ebf nh\u1eefng n\u0103m 1930 c\u00e0ng l\u00e0m tr\u1ea7m tr\u1ecdng th\u00eam nh\u1eefng chia r\u1ebd x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i.<\/p>\n\n
N\u1ed9i chi\u1ebfn T\u00e2y Ban Nha \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ec3 l\u1ea1i h\u1eadu qu\u1ea3 t\u00e0n kh\u1ed1c cho T\u00e2y Ban Nha v\u00e0 ch\u00e2u \u00c2u. N\u00f3 khi\u1ebfn h\u01a1n n\u1eeda tri\u1ec7u ng\u01b0\u1eddi thi\u1ec7t m\u1ea1ng, ph\u00e1 h\u1ee7y n\u1ec1n kinh t\u1ebf \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec3 l\u1ea1i di s\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 cay \u0111\u1eafng v\u00e0 chia r\u1ebd. N\u00f3 c\u0169ng l\u00e0m suy y\u1ebfu c\u00e1c n\u1ec1n d\u00e2n ch\u1ee7 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng T\u00e2y v\u00e0 khuy\u1ebfn kh\u00edch c\u00e1c c\u01b0\u1eddng qu\u1ed1c phe Tr\u1ee5c, g\u00f3p ph\u1ea7n v\u00e0o s\u1ef1 b\u00f9ng n\u1ed5 c\u1ee7a Th\u1ebf chi\u1ebfn th\u1ee9 II.<\/p>\n\n
N\u1ed9i chi\u1ebfn T\u00e2y Ban Nha cung c\u1ea5p nh\u1eefng b\u00e0i h\u1ecdc quan tr\u1ecdng v\u1ec1 m\u1ed1i nguy hi\u1ec3m c\u1ee7a ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a ph\u00e1t x\u00edt kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t v\u00e0 t\u1ea7m quan tr\u1ecdng c\u1ee7a h\u1ee3p t\u00e1c qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf trong vi\u1ec7c ch\u1ed1ng l\u1ea1i ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 chuy\u00ean quy\u1ec1n. N\u00f3 c\u0169ng nh\u1ea5n m\u1ea1nh \u0111\u1ebfn h\u1eadu qu\u1ea3 t\u00e0n kh\u1ed1c c\u1ee7a xung \u0111\u1ed9t n\u1ed9i b\u1ed9 v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft c\u1ee7a vi\u1ec7c h\u00f2a gi\u1ea3i v\u00e0 h\u00e0n g\u1eafn.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
N\u1ed9i chi\u1ebfn T\u00e2y Ban Nha: Bi k\u1ecbch \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u00ecnh ch\u00e2u \u00c2u Kh\u1edfi \u0111\u1ea7u chi\u1ebfn tranh N\u1ed9i chi\u1ebfn T\u00e2y Ban Nha n\u1ed5 ra n\u0103m 1936, khi ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 M\u1eb7t tr\u1eadn B\u00ecnh…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[489,2869,27,16916,56],"class_list":["post-12524","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-uncategorized","tag-politics","tag-fascism","tag-history","tag-spanish-civil-war","tag-world-war-ii"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/12524","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=12524"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/12524\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":12525,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/12524\/revisions\/12525"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=12524"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=12524"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=12524"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}