Ph\u1ea7n Lan \u0111\u00e3 b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u m\u1ed9t th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ea7y tham v\u1ecdng: cung c\u1ea5p Thu nh\u1eadp c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n to\u00e0n d\u00e2n (UBI) cho 2.000 c\u00f4ng d\u00e2n th\u1ea5t nghi\u1ec7p trong \u0111\u1ed9 tu\u1ed5i t\u1eeb 25 \u0111\u1ebfn 58. B\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u t\u1eeb th\u00e1ng 1 n\u0103m 2023, nh\u1eefng c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n n\u00e0y s\u1ebd nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c kho\u1ea3n tr\u1ee3 c\u1ea5p h\u00e0ng th\u00e1ng l\u00e0 560 euro (kho\u1ea3ng 594 \u0111\u00f4 la) b\u1ea5t k\u1ec3 t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd.<\/p>\n\n
Ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 Ph\u1ea7n Lan \u0111\u1eb7t m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a UBI \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m v\u00e0 ph\u00fac l\u1ee3i x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i. H\u1ecd hy v\u1ecdng x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh xem thu nh\u1eadp c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3m ngh\u00e8o m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3, c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n h\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac v\u00e0 c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng c\u1ea3i c\u00e1ch h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng an sinh x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc hay kh\u00f4ng. Ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh th\u00ed \u0111i\u1ec3m s\u1ebd di\u1ec5n ra trong hai n\u0103m v\u00e0 k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi nh\u1eadn s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c so s\u00e1nh v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t nh\u00f3m \u0111\u1ed1i ch\u1ee9ng.<\/p>\n\n
Kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m v\u1ec1 thu nh\u1eadp to\u00e0n d\u00e2n kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 m\u1edbi. Nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u1ee7ng h\u1ed9 n\u00f3 b\u1eaft ngu\u1ed3n t\u1eeb th\u1eddi Khai s\u00e1ng. V\u00e0o nh\u1eefng n\u0103m 1970, th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m “Mincome” c\u1ee7a Canada t\u1ea1i Dauphin, Manitoba, \u0111\u00e3 \u0111em l\u1ea1i thu nh\u1eadp \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o cho 30% c\u01b0 d\u00e2n c\u1ee7a th\u1ecb tr\u1ea5n. K\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 cho th\u1ea5y nh\u1eefng t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u00edch c\u1ef1c, bao g\u1ed3m gi\u1ea3m tai n\u1ea1n v\u00e0 nh\u1eadp vi\u1ec7n, c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 t\u0103ng t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 \u0111i h\u1ecdc.<\/p>\n\n
Th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m c\u1ee7a Ph\u1ea7n Lan l\u00e0 duy nh\u1ea5t v\u1ec1 quy m\u00f4 v\u00e0 th\u1eddi gian. Ch\u1ec9 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 \u00edt qu\u1ed1c gia kh\u00e1c \u0111\u00e3 th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m c\u00e1c kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m UBI v\u00e0 h\u1ea7u h\u1ebft c\u00e1c th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m \u0111\u1ec1u nh\u1ecf v\u00e0 k\u00e9o d\u00e0i trong th\u1eddi gian ng\u1eafn. Tuy nhi\u00ean, s\u1ef1 ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng t\u0103ng c\u1ee7a UBI trong s\u1ed1 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u1ee7ng h\u1ed9, nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi cho r\u1eb1ng n\u00f3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m gi\u1ea3m t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng m\u1ea5t vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m do t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u00f3a, \u0111ang th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y s\u1ef1 quan t\u00e2m \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m tr\u00ean quy m\u00f4 l\u1edbn.<\/p>\n\n
Nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u1ee7ng h\u1ed9 UBI cho r\u1eb1ng n\u00f3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3m ngh\u00e8o, c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe v\u00e0 t\u0103ng tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ed9 h\u1ecdc v\u1ea5n. B\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch cung c\u1ea5p m\u1ed9t m\u1ea1ng l\u01b0\u1edbi an to\u00e0n v\u1ec1 t\u00e0i ch\u00ednh, UBI c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 trao quy\u1ec1n cho c\u00e1c c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n theo \u0111u\u1ed5i gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c, kh\u1edfi nghi\u1ec7p ho\u1eb7c ch\u0103m s\u00f3c c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean gia \u0111\u00ecnh m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng s\u1ee3 m\u1ea5t \u0111i thu nh\u1eadp.<\/p>\n\n
Tuy nhi\u00ean, nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ed1i b\u00e0y t\u1ecf lo ng\u1ea1i v\u1ec1 t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng ti\u1ec1m t\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c v\u00e0 chi ph\u00ed th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n UBI tr\u00ean quy m\u00f4 l\u1edbn. Nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u1ec9 tr\u00edch l\u1eadp lu\u1eadn r\u1eb1ng UBI c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ng\u0103n c\u1ea3n m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m, d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng thi\u1ebfu h\u1ee5t l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng lao \u0111\u1ed9ng. Ngo\u00e0i ra, vi\u1ec7c t\u00e0i tr\u1ee3 cho ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh UBI c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi ph\u1ea3i t\u0103ng thu\u1ebf \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3 ho\u1eb7c c\u1eaft gi\u1ea3m c\u00e1c ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i kh\u00e1c.<\/p>\n\n
Th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m c\u1ee7a Ph\u1ea7n Lan kh\u00e1c v\u1edbi c\u00e1c th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m UBI tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00e2y theo m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 c\u00e1ch. \u0110\u1ea7u ti\u00ean, \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m l\u1edbn nh\u1ea5t v\u00e0 k\u00e9o d\u00e0i nh\u1ea5t cho \u0111\u1ebfn nay. Th\u1ee9 hai, c\u00e1c kho\u1ea3n thanh to\u00e1n UBI s\u1ebd thay th\u1ebf m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 ph\u00fac l\u1ee3i x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i hi\u1ec7n c\u00f3, \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o r\u1eb1ng ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 cung c\u1ea5p th\u00eam thu nh\u1eadp cho nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tr\u1ee3 gi\u00fap c\u1ee7a ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7.<\/p>\n\n
Khi t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u00f3a v\u00e0 ti\u1ebfn b\u1ed9 c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c l\u00e0m gi\u00e1n \u0111o\u1ea1n th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng lao \u0111\u1ed9ng, UBI \u0111ang \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u00fa \u00fd nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p ti\u1ec1m n\u0103ng cho nh\u1eefng th\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng m\u1ea5t vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m tr\u00ean di\u1ec7n r\u1ed9ng. Th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m c\u1ee7a Ph\u1ea7n Lan c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 cung c\u1ea5p nh\u1eefng hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft c\u00f3 gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb v\u1ec1 t\u00ednh kh\u1ea3 thi v\u00e0 hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a UBI trong vi\u1ec7c gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft b\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t thay \u0111\u1ed5i c\u1ee7a c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c.<\/p>\n\n
M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 vi\u1ec7c tri\u1ec3n khai UBI tr\u00ean di\u1ec7n r\u1ed9ng v\u1eabn l\u00e0 vi\u1ec5n c\u1ea3nh xa v\u1eddi \u1edf nhi\u1ec1u qu\u1ed1c gia, nh\u01b0ng nh\u1eefng c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n mu\u1ed1n tr\u1ea3i nghi\u1ec7m kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m UBI c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 n\u1ed9p \u0111\u01a1n xin c\u00e1c ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh thu nh\u1eadp c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n do c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng t\u00e0i tr\u1ee3. C\u00e1c ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh n\u00e0y cung c\u1ea5p c\u00e1c kho\u1ea3n tr\u1ee3 c\u1ea5p h\u00e0ng th\u00e1ng nh\u1ecf cho m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi tham gia h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf, gi\u00fap m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u1ea5y tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eefng l\u1ee3i \u00edch v\u00e0 th\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c ti\u1ec1m \u1ea9n c\u1ee7a UBI.<\/p>\n\n
Th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m thu nh\u1eadp c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n to\u00e0n d\u00e2n c\u1ee7a Ph\u1ea7n Lan l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn t\u00e1o b\u1ea1o v\u00e0 s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft nh\u1eefng th\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c v\u1ec1 t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng th\u1ea5t nghi\u1ec7p v\u00e0 ngh\u00e8o \u0111\u00f3i trong m\u1ed9t th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi \u0111ang thay \u0111\u1ed5i nhanh ch\u00f3ng. K\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 ho\u1ea1ch \u0111\u1ecbnh ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch v\u00e0 c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u tr\u00ean to\u00e0n th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi theo d\u00f5i ch\u1eb7t ch\u1ebd v\u00ec ch\u00fang c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 cung c\u1ea5p nh\u1eefng hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft c\u00f3 gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb v\u1ec1 nh\u1eefng l\u1ee3i \u00edch v\u00e0 th\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c ti\u1ec1m \u1ea9n c\u1ee7a UBI nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t m\u1ea1ng l\u01b0\u1edbi an sinh x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i trong t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
Th\u00ed nghi\u1ec7m Thu nh\u1eadp c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n to\u00e0n d\u00e2n c\u1ee7a Ph\u1ea7n Lan: B\u00e0i ki\u1ec3m tra cho t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c Th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m t\u00e1o b\u1ea1o c\u1ee7a Ph\u1ea7n Lan Ph\u1ea7n Lan…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[17213],"tags":[497,3603,17210,17212,17211,17209,3057,2729,3056],"class_list":["post-12738","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-social-sciences","tag-technology","tag-poverty-reduction","tag-finland","tag-welfare","tag-social-experiment","tag-ubi","tag-universal-basic-income","tag-automation","tag-future-of-work"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/12738","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=12738"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/12738\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":12739,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/12738\/revisions\/12739"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=12738"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=12738"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=12738"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}