{"id":12789,"date":"2021-03-15T12:40:04","date_gmt":"2021-03-15T12:40:04","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/?p=12789"},"modified":"2021-03-15T12:40:04","modified_gmt":"2021-03-15T12:40:04","slug":"the-deadly-feather-trade-how-two-women-saved-americas-birds","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/science\/biology\/the-deadly-feather-trade-how-two-women-saved-americas-birds\/","title":{"rendered":"Cu\u1ed9c chi\u1ebfn ch\u1ed1ng l\u1ea1i n\u1ea1n bu\u00f4n b\u00e1n l\u00f4ng v\u0169: Nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef c\u1ee9u c\u00e1nh cho c\u00e1c lo\u00e0i chim \u1edf M\u1ef9"},"content":{"rendered":"

Th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea1i l\u00f4ng v\u0169 ch\u1ebft ch\u00f3c: Hai ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef \u0111\u00e3 c\u1ee9u nh\u1eefng lo\u00e0i chim \u1edf M\u1ef9 nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o<\/h2>\n\n

Th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea1i l\u00f4ng v\u0169: M\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 t\u00e0n \u00e1c th\u1eddi trang<\/h2>\n\n

V\u00e0o cu\u1ed1i th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 19, m\u1ed1t \u0111\u1ed9i nh\u1eefng chi\u1ebfc m\u0169 trang tr\u00ed l\u00f4ng v\u0169 \u0111\u00e3 d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ed9t ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea1i t\u00e0n ph\u00e1 c\u00e1c lo\u00e0i chim \u0111\u1ec3 l\u1ea5y l\u00f4ng v\u0169. Nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u1ee3 s\u0103n \u0111\u00e3 gi\u1ebft v\u00e0 l\u1ed9t da nh\u1eefng con chim tr\u01b0\u1edfng th\u00e0nh, b\u1ecf m\u1eb7c nh\u1eefng ch\u00fa chim non m\u1ed3 c\u00f4i ch\u1ecbu \u0111\u00f3i ho\u1eb7c b\u1ecb qu\u1ea1 \u0103n th\u1ecbt. Nh\u1eefng trung t\u00e2m th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y ch\u00ednh cho ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea1i l\u00f4ng v\u0169 l\u00e0 c\u00e1c trung t\u00e2m s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t m\u0169 \u1edf New York v\u00e0 London, n\u01a1i ti\u00eau th\u1ee5 h\u00e0ng tr\u0103m ngh\u00ecn chi\u1ebfc l\u00f4ng v\u0169 t\u1eeb chim m\u1ed7i n\u0103m. Nh\u1eefng con c\u00f2 v\u1edbi b\u1ed9 l\u00f4ng tr\u1eafng tinh \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t b\u1ecb nh\u1eafm \u0111\u1ebfn.<\/p>\n\n

Harriet Hemenway v\u00e0 Minna Hall: Nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00ednh th\u1eadp t\u1ef1 chinh<\/h2>\n\n

N\u0103m 1896, hai ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef th\u01b0\u1ee3ng l\u01b0u \u1edf Boston, Harriet Hemenway v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi em h\u1ecd Minna Hall, \u0111\u00e3 ph\u00e1t \u0111\u1ed9ng m\u1ed9t cu\u1ed9c n\u1ed5i lo\u1ea1n ch\u1ed1ng l\u1ea1i ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea1i l\u00f4ng v\u0169. Hemenway, m\u1ed9t nh\u00e0 t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean h\u1ecdc nghi\u1ec7p d\u01b0 \u0111\u1ea7y nhi\u1ec7t huy\u1ebft, \u0111\u00e3 v\u00f4 c\u00f9ng kinh h\u00e3i tr\u01b0\u1edbc c\u1ea3nh chim ch\u00f3c b\u1ecb t\u00e0n s\u00e1t. B\u00e0 \u0111\u00e3 nh\u1edd \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 gi\u00fap \u0111\u1ee1 c\u1ee7a Hall, v\u00e0 c\u00f9ng nhau, h\u1ecd \u0111\u00e3 t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1t c\u00e1c bu\u1ed5i ti\u1ec7c tr\u00e0, n\u01a1i h\u1ecd k\u00eau g\u1ecdi b\u1ea1n b\u00e8 c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh ng\u1eebng \u0111\u1ed9i nh\u1eefng chi\u1ebfc m\u0169 c\u00f3 trang tr\u00ed l\u00f4ng v\u0169.<\/p>\n\n

S\u1ef1 ra \u0111\u1eddi c\u1ee7a Hi\u1ec7p h\u1ed9i Audubon<\/h2>\n\n

Cu\u1ed9c t\u1ea9y chay c\u1ee7a Hemenway v\u00e0 Hall \u0111\u00e3 th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng, v\u00e0 h\u1ecd s\u1edbm th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp Hi\u1ec7p h\u1ed9i Audubon Massachusetts. C\u00e1c hi\u1ec7p h\u1ed9i Audubon \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp t\u1ea1i h\u01a1n m\u1ed9t ch\u1ee5c ti\u1ec3u bang, v\u00e0 li\u00ean \u0111o\u00e0n c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 Hi\u1ec7p h\u1ed9i Audubon Qu\u1ed1c gia. Hi\u1ec7p h\u1ed9i Audubon \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u00f3ng m\u1ed9t vai tr\u00f2 quan tr\u1ecdng trong vi\u1ec7c v\u1eadn \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u00e0nh lang cho lu\u1eadt b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 chim.<\/p>\n\n

Nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ea1o lu\u1eadt mang t\u00ednh b\u01b0\u1edbc ngo\u1eb7t: \u0110\u1ea1o lu\u1eadt Lacey v\u00e0 \u0110\u1ea1o lu\u1eadt Weeks-McLean<\/h2>\n\n

N\u0103m 1900, Qu\u1ed1c h\u1ed9i \u0111\u00e3 th\u00f4ng qua \u0110\u1ea1o lu\u1eadt Lacey, nghi\u00eam c\u1ea5m v\u1eadn chuy\u1ec3n qua c\u00e1c tuy\u1ebfn ti\u1ec3u bang \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng con chim b\u1ecb b\u1eaft theo c\u00e1ch vi ph\u1ea1m lu\u1eadt ti\u1ec3u bang. Tuy nhi\u00ean, \u0111\u1ea1o lu\u1eadt n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c thi k\u00e9m, v\u00e0 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea1i l\u00f4ng v\u0169 v\u1eabn ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n m\u1ea1nh.<\/p>\n\n

N\u0103m 1913, \u0110\u1ea1o lu\u1eadt Weeks-McLean, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00e0i tr\u1ee3 b\u1edfi H\u1ea1 ngh\u1ecb s\u0129 Massachusetts John Weeks v\u00e0 Th\u01b0\u1ee3ng ngh\u1ecb s\u0129 Connecticut George McLean, \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ea5m d\u1ee9t hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea1i l\u00f4ng v\u0169. \u0110\u1ea1o lu\u1eadt n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1eb7t ra l\u1ec7nh c\u1ea5m s\u0103n b\u1eaft th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea1i v\u00e0 c\u1ea5m v\u1eadn chuy\u1ec3n chim qua c\u00e1c ti\u1ec3u bang.<\/p>\n\n

\u0110\u1ea1o lu\u1eadt Hi\u1ec7p \u01b0\u1edbc B\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 Chim di tr\u00fa n\u0103m 1918<\/h2>\n\n

Sau m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1t c\u00e1c v\u1ee5 ki\u1ec7n t\u1ee5ng kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi \u0110\u1ea1o lu\u1eadt Weeks-McLean, T\u00f2a \u00e1n T\u1ed1i cao \u0111\u00e3 duy tr\u00ec \u0110\u1ea1o lu\u1eadt Hi\u1ec7p \u01b0\u1edbc B\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 Chim di tr\u00fa n\u0103m 1918. \u0110\u1ea1o lu\u1eadt mang t\u00ednh b\u01b0\u1edbc ngo\u1eb7t n\u00e0y tuy\u00ean b\u1ed1 r\u1eb1ng vi\u1ec7c b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 c\u00e1c lo\u00e0i chim n\u1eb1m trong “l\u1ee3i \u00edch qu\u1ed1c gia” v\u00e0 trao cho ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 li\u00ean bang th\u1ea9m quy\u1ec1n qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng s\u0103n b\u1eaft v\u00e0 v\u1eadn chuy\u1ec3n chim di tr\u00fa.<\/p>\n\n

Di s\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a Hemenway v\u00e0 Hall<\/h2>\n\n

Nh\u1eefng n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a Harriet Hemenway v\u00e0 Minna Hall \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u00f3ng m\u1ed9t vai tr\u00f2 then ch\u1ed1t trong vi\u1ec7c b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 c\u00e1c lo\u00e0i chim \u1edf Hoa K\u1ef3. Cu\u1ed9c t\u1ea9y chay ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea1i l\u00f4ng v\u0169 c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd \u0111\u00e3 n\u00e2ng cao nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c v\u1ec1 nh\u1eefng t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u00e0n ph\u00e1 c\u1ee7a ng\u00e0nh th\u1eddi trang \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi qu\u1ea7n th\u1ec3 chim. Hi\u1ec7p h\u1ed9i Audubon m\u00e0 h\u1ecd th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp v\u1eabn ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c \u1ee7ng h\u1ed9 h\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ea7u cho c\u00f4ng t\u00e1c b\u1ea3o t\u1ed3n chim cho \u0111\u1ebfn ng\u00e0y nay.<\/p>\n\n

T\u1ea7m quan tr\u1ecdng c\u1ee7a vi\u1ec7c b\u1ea3o t\u1ed3n chim<\/h2>\n\n

Chim \u0111\u00f3ng m\u1ed9t vai tr\u00f2 s\u1ed1ng c\u00f2n trong h\u1ec7 sinh th\u00e1i. Ch\u00fang th\u1ee5 ph\u1ea5n cho c\u00e2y, ph\u00e1t t\u00e1n h\u1ea1t gi\u1ed1ng v\u00e0 ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t s\u00e2u b\u1ec7nh. S\u1ef1 suy gi\u1ea3m c\u1ee7a qu\u1ea7n th\u1ec3 chim c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 g\u00e2y ra hi\u1ec7u \u1ee9ng d\u00e2y chuy\u1ec1n tr\u00ean to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 chu\u1ed7i th\u1ee9c \u0103n.<\/p>\n\n

Nh\u1eefng n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c b\u1ea3o t\u1ed3n v\u00e0o \u0111\u1ea7u th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 20 \u0111\u00e3 gi\u00fap b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 nhi\u1ec1u lo\u00e0i chim kh\u1ecfi nguy c\u01a1 tuy\u1ec7t ch\u1ee7ng. Tuy nhi\u00ean, chim v\u1eabn ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ed1i m\u1eb7t v\u1edbi c\u00e1c m\u1ed1i \u0111e d\u1ecda t\u1eeb m\u1ea5t m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng s\u1ed1ng, \u00f4 nhi\u1ec5m v\u00e0 bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i kh\u00ed h\u1eadu. Vi\u1ec7c h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 chim v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o s\u1ef1 t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng lo\u00e0i sinh v\u1eadt tuy\u1ec7t v\u1eddi n\u00e0y c\u00f2n quan tr\u1ecdng h\u01a1n bao gi\u1edd h\u1ebft.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea1i l\u00f4ng v\u0169 ch\u1ebft ch\u00f3c: Hai ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef \u0111\u00e3 c\u1ee9u nh\u1eefng lo\u00e0i chim \u1edf M\u1ef9 nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o Th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea1i l\u00f4ng v\u0169: M\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 t\u00e0n \u00e1c th\u1eddi trang…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":6,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[288],"tags":[1896,1898,267,17281,17282,17283,4304,17280,17284],"class_list":["post-12789","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-biology","tag-bird-conservation","tag-wildlife-protection","tag-environmentalism","tag-harriet-hemenway","tag-minna-hall","tag-national-audubon-society","tag-women-in-science","tag-fashion-and-sustainability","tag-plume-trade"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/12789","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/6"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=12789"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/12789\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":12790,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/12789\/revisions\/12790"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=12789"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=12789"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=12789"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}