{"id":12906,"date":"2023-12-25T20:02:42","date_gmt":"2023-12-25T20:02:42","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/?p=12906"},"modified":"2023-12-25T20:02:42","modified_gmt":"2023-12-25T20:02:42","slug":"domestication-and-diversity-of-bananas","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/science\/botany\/domestication-and-diversity-of-bananas\/","title":{"rendered":"Thu\u1ea7n h\u00f3a v\u00e0 \u0111a d\u1ea1ng h\u00f3a chu\u1ed1i: H\u00e0nh tr\u00ecnh xuy\u00ean su\u1ed1t l\u1ecbch s\u1eed v\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc"},"content":{"rendered":"<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Thu\u1ea7n h\u00f3a v\u00e0 \u0111a d\u1ea1ng h\u00f3a chu\u1ed1i<\/h2>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c v\u00e0 ti\u1ebfn h\u00f3a<\/h2>\n\n<p>Chu\u1ed1i, m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1i tr\u00e1i c\u00e2y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c y\u00eau th\u00edch tr\u00ean to\u00e0n th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi, c\u00f3 l\u1ecbch s\u1eed phong ph\u00fa v\u00e0 h\u1ea5p d\u1eabn. T\u1ed5 ti\u00ean hoang d\u00e3 c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang bao g\u1ed3m Musa acuminata, m\u1ed9t lo\u00e0i th\u1ef1c v\u1eadt c\u00f3 qu\u1ea3 nh\u1ecf ch\u1ee9a \u0111\u1ea7y h\u1ea1t. Th\u00f4ng qua qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh lai t\u1ea1o ch\u1ecdn l\u1ecdc, lo\u00e0i n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c lai v\u1edbi lo\u00e0i Musa balbisiana c\u1ee9ng c\u00e1p h\u01a1n, t\u1ea1o ra c\u00e2y chu\u1ed1i. C\u00e1c gi\u1ed1ng chu\u1ed1i hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i c\u00f3 ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c t\u1eeb c\u00e2y chu\u1ed1i.<\/p>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">B\u1eb1ng ch\u1ee9ng kh\u1ea3o c\u1ed5 h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef h\u1ecdc<\/h2>\n\n<p>C\u00e1c b\u1eb1ng ch\u1ee9ng kh\u1ea3o c\u1ed5 h\u1ecdc nh\u01b0 ph\u1ea5n hoa chu\u1ed1i v\u00e0 d\u1ea5u v\u1ebft th\u00e2n c\u00e2y cho th\u1ea5y vi\u1ec7c tr\u1ed3ng Musa acuminata c\u00f3 t\u1eeb \u00edt nh\u1ea5t 6.500 n\u0103m tr\u01b0\u1edbc, v\u1edbi b\u1eb1ng ch\u1ee9ng s\u1edbm nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00ecm th\u1ea5y \u1edf New Guinea. C\u00e1c nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef h\u1ecdc c\u0169ng cung c\u1ea5p th\u00f4ng tin chi ti\u1ebft v\u1ec1 vi\u1ec7c tr\u1ed3ng chu\u1ed1i. Gi\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ecbnh l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t lo\u00e0i th\u1ef1c v\u1eadt \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tr\u1ed3ng s\u1ebd mang theo t\u00ean c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 \u0111\u1ebfn b\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 n\u01a1i n\u00e0o n\u00f3 \u0111\u1ebfn. N\u1ebfu lo\u00e0i th\u1ef1c v\u1eadt \u0111\u00f3 tr\u1edf n\u00ean th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng trong m\u1ed9t n\u1ec1n v\u0103n h\u00f3a m\u1edbi, t\u00ean c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1eef l\u1ea1i. \u0110\u00e1ng ch\u00fa \u00fd l\u00e0 Melanesia c\u00f3 h\u01a1n 1.000 thu\u1eadt ng\u1eef cho c\u00e1c gi\u1ed1ng chu\u1ed1i kh\u00e1c nhau.<\/p>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">S\u1ef1 l\u00e2y lan tr\u00ean to\u00e0n th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi<\/h2>\n\n<p>K\u1ebft h\u1ee3p d\u1eef li\u1ec7u kh\u1ea3o c\u1ed5 h\u1ecdc, ph\u1ea3 h\u1ec7 h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef h\u1ecdc, c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u \u0111\u00e3 l\u1ea7n ra d\u1ea5u v\u1ebft s\u1ef1 l\u00e2y lan c\u1ee7a chu\u1ed1i tr\u00ean to\u00e0n th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi. H\u1ecd tin r\u1eb1ng chu\u1ed1i \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c du nh\u1eadp v\u00e0o ch\u00e2u Phi c\u00e1ch \u0111\u00e2y \u00edt nh\u1ea5t 2.500 n\u0103m. B\u1eb1ng ch\u1ee9ng ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef h\u1ecdc cho th\u1ea5y chu\u1ed1i \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ebfn \u0110\u00f4ng Nam \u00c1 v\u00e0o kho\u1ea3ng 3.500 n\u0103m tr\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0 ch\u00e2u M\u1ef9 v\u00e0o kho\u1ea3ng n\u0103m 500 sau C\u00f4ng nguy\u00ean.<\/p>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u0110a d\u1ea1ng di truy\u1ec1n v\u00e0 t\u00ednh b\u1ec1n v\u1eefng<\/h2>\n\n<p>M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 r\u1ea5t ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn, nh\u01b0ng chu\u1ed1i si\u00eau th\u1ecb hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i thi\u1ebfu \u0111a d\u1ea1ng di truy\u1ec1n, khi\u1ebfn ch\u00fang d\u1ec5 b\u1ecb b\u1ec7nh. B\u1ec7nh Sigatoka \u0111en, m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1i b\u1ec7nh do n\u1ea5m g\u00e2y ra, \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ee9ng t\u1ecf \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t t\u00e0n ph\u00e1, \u0111e d\u1ecda s\u1ef1 tuy\u1ec7t ch\u1ee7ng c\u1ee7a gi\u1ed1ng Cavendish. \u0110\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o t\u00ednh b\u1ec1n v\u1eefng c\u1ee7a vi\u1ec7c tr\u1ed3ng chu\u1ed1i, c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc \u0111ang nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u c\u00e1c gi\u1ed1ng m\u1edbi, ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n nh\u01b0 Yangambi Km5. C\u00f3 ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c t\u1eeb C\u1ed9ng h\u00f2a D\u00e2n ch\u1ee7 Congo, Yangambi Km5 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t lo\u00e0i th\u1ef1c v\u1eadt c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng sinh s\u1ea3n cao v\u00e0 c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ch\u1ed1ng ch\u1ecbu b\u1ec7nh cao. V\u1ecf m\u1ecfng c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 l\u00e0 tr\u1edf ng\u1ea1i duy nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi vi\u1ec7c v\u1eadn chuy\u1ec3n th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea1i.<\/p>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">T\u01b0\u01a1ng lai c\u1ee7a chu\u1ed1i<\/h2>\n\n<p>T\u01b0\u01a1ng lai c\u1ee7a chu\u1ed1i n\u1eb1m \u1edf vi\u1ec7c n\u1eafm b\u1eaft s\u1ef1 \u0111a d\u1ea1ng v\u00e0 kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p canh t\u00e1c b\u1ec1n v\u1eefng. C\u00e1c nh\u00e0 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u \u0111ang t\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u c\u00e1c gi\u1ed1ng m\u1edbi v\u00e0 c\u00e1c k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i gen \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o ra nh\u1eefng lo\u1ea1i chu\u1ed1i v\u1eeba c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ch\u1ed1ng ch\u1ecbu b\u1ec7nh v\u1eeba ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00e2n ph\u1ed1i to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u. Ngo\u00e0i ra, vi\u1ec7c th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p canh t\u00e1c truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng v\u00e0 h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 c\u00e1c h\u1ed9 n\u00f4ng d\u00e2n nh\u1ecf c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 gi\u00fap b\u1ea3o t\u1ed3n s\u1ef1 \u0111a d\u1ea1ng di truy\u1ec1n c\u1ee7a chu\u1ed1i v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o s\u1ef1 s\u1eb5n c\u00f3 li\u00ean t\u1ee5c c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang cho c\u00e1c th\u1ebf h\u1ec7 t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai.<\/p>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Thu\u1eadt ng\u1eef ch\u00ednh<\/h2>\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Thu\u1ea7n h\u00f3a:<\/strong> Qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh th\u00edch nghi m\u1ed9t lo\u00e0i th\u1ef1c v\u1eadt ho\u1eb7c \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u1eadt hoang d\u00e3 v\u1edbi m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Canh t\u00e1c:<\/strong> Vi\u1ec7c tr\u1ed3ng tr\u1ecdt c\u00f3 ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u00edch c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i c\u00e2y tr\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ec3 l\u1ea5y th\u1ef1c ph\u1ea9m ho\u1eb7c c\u00e1c m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch kh\u00e1c.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Lai:<\/strong> M\u1ed9t lo\u00e0i th\u1ef1c v\u1eadt ho\u1eb7c \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u1eadt l\u00e0 k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh lai t\u1ea1o gi\u1eefa hai lo\u00e0i ho\u1eb7c gi\u1ed1ng kh\u00e1c nhau.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef h\u1ecdc:<\/strong> Khoa h\u1ecdc nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u v\u1ec1 ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef.<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u0110a d\u1ea1ng:<\/strong> S\u1ef1 \u0111a d\u1ea1ng c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i ho\u1eb7c d\u1ea1ng kh\u00e1c nhau trong m\u1ed9t lo\u00e0i ho\u1eb7c nh\u00f3m.<\/li>\n<li><strong>T\u00ednh b\u1ec1n v\u1eefng:<\/strong> Kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng duy tr\u00ec m\u1ed9t m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0nh m\u1ea1nh v\u00e0 n\u0103ng su\u1ea5t m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng l\u00e0m c\u1ea1n ki\u1ec7t t\u00e0i nguy\u00ean thi\u00ean nhi\u00ean.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Tuy\u1ec7t ch\u1ee7ng:<\/strong> S\u1ef1 bi\u1ebfn m\u1ea5t ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t lo\u00e0i kh\u1ecfi Tr\u00e1i \u0111\u1ea5t.<\/li>\n<\/ul>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Thu\u1ea7n h\u00f3a v\u00e0 \u0111a d\u1ea1ng h\u00f3a chu\u1ed1i Ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c v\u00e0 ti\u1ebfn h\u00f3a Chu\u1ed1i, m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1i tr\u00e1i c\u00e2y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c y\u00eau th\u00edch tr\u00ean to\u00e0n th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi, c\u00f3 l\u1ecbch s\u1eed phong ph\u00fa v\u00e0&hellip;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":6,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1823],"tags":[17434,188,88,6462,116,3147,136],"class_list":["post-12906","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-botany","tag-banana","tag-genetics","tag-archaeology","tag-linguistics","tag-diversity","tag-domestication","tag-evolution"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/12906","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/6"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=12906"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/12906\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":12907,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/12906\/revisions\/12907"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=12906"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=12906"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=12906"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}