{"id":12994,"date":"2020-01-24T13:29:29","date_gmt":"2020-01-24T13:29:29","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/?p=12994"},"modified":"2020-01-24T13:29:29","modified_gmt":"2020-01-24T13:29:29","slug":"the-boston-massacre-a-tale-of-politics-and-personal-loss","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/uncategorized\/the-boston-massacre-a-tale-of-politics-and-personal-loss\/","title":{"rendered":"Th\u1ea3m s\u00e1t Boston: Ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb v\u00e0 m\u1ea5t m\u00e1t c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n"},"content":{"rendered":"

Th\u1ea3m s\u00e1t Boston: C\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n v\u1ec1 ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb v\u00e0 m\u1ea5t m\u00e1t c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n<\/h2>\n\n

Kh\u00fac d\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ea7u \u0111\u1ebfn cu\u1ed9c c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng<\/h2>\n\n

V\u00e0o gi\u1eefa th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 18, c\u0103ng th\u1eb3ng \u0111ang gia t\u0103ng t\u1ea1i c\u00e1c thu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ecba c\u1ee7a M\u1ef9. \u0110\u1ea1o lu\u1eadt tem\u7968 v\u00e0 \u0110\u1ea1o lu\u1eadt Townshend c\u1ee7a Qu\u1ed1c h\u1ed9i Anh \u0111\u00e3 \u00e1p \u0111\u1eb7t thu\u1ebf l\u00ean nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u1ef1c d\u00e2n, d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 ph\u1eabn n\u1ed9 v\u00e0 mong mu\u1ed1n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n.<\/p>\n\n

S\u1ef1 hi\u1ec7n di\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a qu\u00e2n \u0111\u1ed9i t\u1ea1i Boston<\/h2>\n\n

\u0110\u1ec3 d\u1eadp t\u1eaft t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng b\u1ea5t \u1ed5n, Vua George III \u0111\u00e3 c\u1eed qu\u00e2n \u0111\u1ebfn Boston. Trong s\u1ed1 \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00ednh Anh \u0111\u00e3 l\u1eadp gia \u0111\u00ecnh \u1edf Ireland. Ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 cho ph\u00e9p h\u00e0ng tr\u0103m ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u1ee3 v\u00e0 con c\u00e1i \u0111i c\u00f9ng nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u00e2n y\u00eau c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd \u0111\u1ebfn M\u1ef9.<\/p>\n\n

M\u1ed9t c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng \u0111a v\u0103n h\u00f3a<\/h2>\n\n

Trong hai n\u0103m, c\u00e1c gia \u0111\u00ecnh Anh v\u00e0 Ireland chung s\u1ed1ng v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u1ef1c d\u00e2n \u1edf Boston, h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh c\u00e1c m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 l\u00e1ng gi\u1ec1ng. Tuy nhi\u00ean, nh\u1eefng m\u1ed1i li\u00ean k\u1ebft n\u00e0y s\u1ebd s\u1edbm b\u1ecb ph\u00e1 v\u1ee1 b\u1edfi m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n bi th\u1ea3m.<\/p>\n\n

\u0110\u00eam \u0111\u1ecbnh m\u1ec7nh<\/h2>\n\n

V\u00e0o ng\u00e0y 5 th\u00e1ng 3 n\u0103m 1770, nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00ednh Anh \u0111\u00e3 n\u1ed5 s\u00fang v\u00e0o m\u1ed9t \u0111\u00e1m \u0111\u00f4ng th\u1ef1c d\u00e2n, gi\u1ebft ch\u1ebft n\u0103m ng\u01b0\u1eddi. S\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n n\u00e0y, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 Th\u1ea3m s\u00e1t Boston, \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t th\u1eddi kh\u1eafc quan tr\u1ecdng trong C\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng M\u1ef9.<\/p>\n\n

Nh\u1eefng bi k\u1ecbch c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n<\/h2>\n\n

Ngo\u00e0i nh\u1eefng h\u1eadu qu\u1ea3 v\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb, Th\u1ea3m s\u00e1t Boston c\u00f2n c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n s\u00e2u s\u1eafc \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00ednh v\u00e0 gia \u0111\u00ecnh c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd. Nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00ednh \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u00e0o ng\u0169 \u0111\u1ec3 b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng m\u1edbi \u1edf Boston ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ed1i m\u1eb7t v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t t\u00ecnh th\u1ebf kh\u00f3 x\u1eed v\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c khi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tri\u1ec7u t\u1eadp \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ed1i \u0111\u1ea7u v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ed3ng ch\u00ed c\u0169.<\/p>\n\n

Phi\u00ean t\u00f2a v\u00e0 h\u1eadu qu\u1ea3<\/h2>\n\n

\u0110\u1ea1i \u00fay Thomas Preston, ch\u1ec9 huy qu\u00e2n Anh, \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ecb b\u1eaft v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0a ra x\u00e9t x\u1eed. John Adams, m\u1ed9t lu\u1eadt s\u01b0 n\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng, \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 Preston, l\u1eadp lu\u1eadn r\u1eb1ng nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00ednh \u0111\u00e3 h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ef1 v\u1ec7. Phi\u00ean t\u00f2a \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ed9c l\u1ed9 nh\u1eefng chia r\u1ebd s\u00e2u s\u1eafc b\u00ean trong Boston. M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 c\u01b0 d\u00e2n coi nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00ednh l\u00e0 n\u1ea1n nh\u00e2n, trong khi nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c coi h\u1ecd l\u00e0 k\u1ebb x\u00e2m l\u01b0\u1ee3c.<\/p>\n\n

M\u1ed9t g\u00f3c nh\u00ecn m\u1edbi<\/h2>\n\n

Cu\u1ed1n s\u00e1ch “Th\u1ea3m s\u00e1t Boston: L\u1ecbch s\u1eed gia \u0111\u00ecnh” c\u1ee7a nh\u00e0 s\u1eed h\u1ecdc Serena Zabin \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m s\u00e1ng t\u1ecf s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n n\u00e0y b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch xem x\u00e9t nh\u1eefng c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 li\u00ean quan. B\u00e0 ti\u1ebft l\u1ed9 cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng \u0111an xen c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00ednh v\u00e0 th\u1ef1c d\u00e2n, v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng h\u1eadu qu\u1ea3 bi th\u1ea3m c\u1ee7a xung \u0111\u1ed9t ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb.<\/p>\n\n

Vai tr\u00f2 c\u1ee7a b\u1ee9c tranh kh\u1eafc c\u1ee7a Paul Revere<\/h2>\n\n

B\u1ee9c tranh kh\u1eafc n\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng c\u1ee7a Paul Revere v\u1ec1 Th\u1ea3m s\u00e1t Boston \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u00f3ng m\u1ed9t vai tr\u00f2 quan tr\u1ecdng trong vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u00ecnh nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a c\u00f4ng ch\u00fang v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n n\u00e0y. Mi\u00eau t\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng v\u1ec1 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00ednh Anh nh\u01b0 nh\u1eefng k\u1ebb x\u00e2m l\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u00e3 \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft c\u1ee7a nhi\u1ec1u th\u1ebf h\u1ec7 ng\u01b0\u1eddi M\u1ef9 v\u1ec1 v\u1ee5 vi\u1ec7c.<\/p>\n\n

Tranh lu\u1eadn v\u1ec1 qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9<\/h2>\n\n

Th\u1ea3m s\u00e1t Boston v\u1eabn l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec1 g\u00e2y tranh c\u00e3i trong l\u1ecbch s\u1eed. Trong khi m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 nh\u00e0 s\u1eed h\u1ecdc nh\u1ea5n m\u1ea1nh \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1 ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb \u0111\u1eb1ng sau v\u1ee5 n\u1ed5 s\u00fang, nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c l\u1ea1i t\u1eadp trung v\u00e0o nh\u1eefng bi k\u1ecbch c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n m\u00e0 n\u00f3 g\u00e2y ra.<\/p>\n\n

\u00dd ngh\u0129a l\u1ecbch s\u1eed<\/h2>\n\n

Th\u1ea3m s\u00e1t Boston l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n quan tr\u1ecdng trong C\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng M\u1ef9. N\u00f3 th\u1ed5i b\u00f9ng ng\u1ecdn l\u1eeda ph\u1eabn n\u1ed9 trong nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u1ef1c d\u00e2n v\u00e0 g\u00f3p ph\u1ea7n v\u00e0o mong mu\u1ed1n gi\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng l\u1edbn.<\/p>\n\n

M\u1ed9t l\u1eddi nh\u1eafc nh\u1edf v\u1ec1 k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi<\/h2>\n\n

B\u1ea5t ch\u1ea5p s\u1ef1 chia r\u1ebd v\u1ec1 ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb, Th\u1ea3m s\u00e1t Boston n\u00eau b\u1eadt s\u1ee9c m\u1ea1nh l\u00e2u b\u1ec1n c\u1ee7a k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi. Nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00ednh v\u00e0 th\u1ef1c d\u00e2n \u0111\u00e3 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng nh\u1eefng m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 b\u1ecb ph\u00e1 v\u1ee1 b\u1edfi b\u1ea1o l\u1ef1c, nh\u01b0ng c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng gia \u0111\u00ecnh n\u00e0y g\u1ee3i l\u00ean m\u1ed9t l\u1eddi nh\u1eafc nh\u1edf v\u1ec1 b\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t chung c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u01b0\u1ee3t l\u00ean tr\u00ean nh\u1eefng xung \u0111\u1ed9t ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb.<\/p>\n\n

Di s\u1ea3n v\u00e0 t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng<\/h2>\n\n

Th\u1ea3m s\u00e1t Boston ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c g\u00e2y ti\u1ebfng vang trong x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i. N\u00f3 \u0111\u00f3ng vai tr\u00f2 nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n c\u1ea3nh b\u00e1o v\u1ec1 nh\u1eefng nguy c\u01a1 c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 chia r\u1ebd v\u00e0 t\u1ea7m quan tr\u1ecdng c\u1ee7a vi\u1ec7c th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y s\u1ef1 hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed3ng c\u1ea3m.<\/p>\n\n

\u0110\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 l\u1ea1i qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9<\/h2>\n\n

Zab<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Th\u1ea3m s\u00e1t Boston: C\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n v\u1ec1 ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb v\u00e0 m\u1ea5t m\u00e1t c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n Kh\u00fac d\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ea7u \u0111\u1ebfn cu\u1ed9c c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng V\u00e0o gi\u1eefa th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 18, c\u0103ng th\u1eb3ng \u0111ang gia t\u0103ng…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[885,489,15279,27,17560,17559],"class_list":["post-12994","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-uncategorized","tag-american-revolution","tag-politics","tag-human-connection","tag-history","tag-personal-loss","tag-boston-massacre"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/12994","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=12994"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/12994\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":12995,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/12994\/revisions\/12995"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=12994"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=12994"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=12994"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}