Vi\u1ec7c kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 ra Machu Picchu, m\u1ed9t th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 c\u1ed5 c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi Inca n\u1eb1m gi\u1eefa d\u00e3y n\u00fai Andes c\u1ee7a Peru, v\u1eabn c\u00f2n nhi\u1ec1u tranh c\u00e3i. Hiram Bingham III, m\u1ed9t nh\u00e0 th\u00e1m hi\u1ec3m ki\u00eam nh\u00e0 s\u1eed h\u1ecdc ng\u01b0\u1eddi M\u1ef9, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f4ng nh\u1eadn l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 “kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1” ra nh\u1eefng t\u00e0n t\u00edch n\u00e0y v\u00e0o n\u0103m 1911. Tuy nhi\u00ean, c\u00e1c nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u g\u1ea7n \u0111\u00e2y cho th\u1ea5y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c \u0111\u1ebfn th\u0103m \u0111\u1ecba \u0111i\u1ec3m n\u00e0y tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u00f4ng.<\/p>\n\n
Chuy\u1ebfn th\u00e1m hi\u1ec3m c\u1ee7a Bingham, v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00f4ng d\u00e2n \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t c\u1ea3nh s\u00e1t Peru, \u0111\u00e3 t\u00ecnh c\u1edd ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n ra nh\u1eefng t\u00e0n t\u00edch v\u00e0o ng\u00e0y 24 th\u00e1ng 7 n\u0103m 1911. \u00d4ng v\u00f4 c\u00f9ng kinh ng\u1ea1c tr\u01b0\u1edbc nh\u1eefng c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac b\u1eb1ng \u0111\u00e1 v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ru\u1ed9ng b\u1eadc thang tinh x\u1ea3o \u1ea9n m\u00ecnh trong m\u1ed9t khu r\u1eebng r\u1eadm r\u1ea1p. B\u1ea3n t\u01b0\u1eddng thu\u1eadt v\u1ec1 kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 c\u1ee7a Bingham, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00f4ng b\u1ed1 tr\u00ean t\u1ea1p ch\u00ed Harper’s Monthly n\u0103m 1913, \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0a Machu Picchu v\u00e0o t\u1ea7m ng\u1eafm c\u1ee7a th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi.<\/p>\n\n
B\u1ea5t ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eefng tuy\u00ean b\u1ed1 c\u1ee7a Bingham, c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 kh\u1ea3o c\u1ed5 h\u1ecdc Peru cho r\u1eb1ng \u00f4ng kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u01b0\u1edbc ngo\u00e0i \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean \u0111\u1ebfn th\u0103m Machu Picchu. H\u1ecd ch\u1ec9 ra b\u1eb1ng ch\u1ee9ng v\u1ec1 nh\u1eefng b\u1ee9c graffiti c\u00f3 t\u1eeb tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00f3 v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 hi\u1ec7n di\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 th\u00e1m hi\u1ec3m \u0110\u1ee9c, Anh v\u00e0 M\u1ef9 trong khu v\u1ef1c tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi Bingham \u0111\u1ebfn.<\/p>\n\n
M\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng nh\u00e0 ph\u00ea b\u00ecnh th\u1eb3ng th\u1eafn nh\u1ea5t v\u1ec1 tuy\u00ean b\u1ed1 kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 c\u1ee7a Bingham l\u00e0 nh\u00e0 nh\u00e2n ch\u1ee7ng h\u1ecdc ng\u01b0\u1eddi Peru Jorge Flores Ochoa. \u00d4ng l\u1eadp lu\u1eadn r\u1eb1ng Bingham “c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c h\u00e0n l\u00e2m h\u01a1n… nh\u01b0ng \u00f4ng \u1ea5y kh\u00f4ng m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ecba \u0111i\u1ec3m ch\u01b0a t\u1eebng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ebfn”.<\/p>\n\n
Trong m\u1ed9t l\u00e1 th\u01b0 g\u1eedi t\u1edd Times n\u0103m 1916, k\u1ef9 s\u01b0 khai th\u00e1c m\u1ecf ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0110\u1ee9c Carl Haenel tuy\u00ean b\u1ed1 r\u1eb1ng \u00f4ng \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f9ng nh\u00e0 th\u00e1m hi\u1ec3m J.M. von Hassel \u0111\u1ebfn Machu Picchu v\u00e0o n\u0103m 1910, m\u1eb7c d\u00f9 \u00f4ng kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0a ra b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u n\u00e0o \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ee9ng minh cho tuy\u00ean b\u1ed1 c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh.<\/p>\n\n
Th\u1eadm ch\u00ed ch\u00ednh Bingham c\u0169ng th\u1eeba nh\u1eadn kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng r\u1eb1ng nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ebfn th\u0103m nh\u1eefng t\u00e0n t\u00edch n\u00e0y tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u00f4ng. Trong m\u1ed9t b\u1ee9c th\u01b0 g\u1eedi cho National Geographic Society n\u0103m 1913, \u00f4ng vi\u1ebft: “Th\u1eadt kh\u00f3 tin khi m\u1ed9t th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 ch\u1ec9 c\u00e1ch Cuzco n\u0103m ng\u00e0y \u0111i b\u1ed9 l\u1ea1i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i l\u00e2u nh\u01b0 v\u1eady m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 v\u00e0 t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed1i kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ebfn”.<\/p>\n\n
B\u1ea5t ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eefng tranh c\u00e3i xung quanh tuy\u00ean b\u1ed1 kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 c\u1ee7a Bingham, nhi\u1ec1u h\u1ecdc gi\u1ea3 tin r\u1eb1ng \u00f4ng \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u00f3ng m\u1ed9t vai tr\u00f2 quan tr\u1ecdng trong vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u01b0a Machu Picchu \u0111\u1ebfn v\u1edbi th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi. \u00d4ng \u0111\u00e3 ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u v\u00e0 khai qu\u1eadt s\u00e2u r\u1ed9ng t\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ecba \u0111i\u1ec3m n\u00e0y, ghi ch\u00e9p l\u1ea1i nh\u1eefng k\u1ef3 quan ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac v\u00e0 \u00fd ngh\u0129a v\u0103n h\u00f3a c\u1ee7a n\u00f3.<\/p>\n\n
Richard L. Burger, gi\u00e1o s\u01b0 nh\u00e2n ch\u1ee7ng h\u1ecdc t\u1ea1i \u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc Yale, n\u01a1i Bingham t\u1eebng gi\u1ea3ng d\u1ea1y, cho r\u1eb1ng Bingham “ch\u01b0a bao gi\u1edd tuy\u00ean b\u1ed1 m\u00ecnh l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean \u0111\u1eb7t ch\u00e2n \u0111\u1ebfn Machu Picchu”. \u00d4ng tin r\u1eb1ng Bingham n\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00f4ng nh\u1eadn l\u00e0 “nh\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1” ra nh\u1eefng t\u00e0n t\u00edch n\u00e0y.<\/p>\n\n
Bingham \u0111\u00e3 mang v\u1ec1 m\u1ed9t b\u1ed9 s\u01b0u t\u1eadp l\u1edbn c\u00e1c hi\u1ec7n v\u1eadt v\u00e0 x\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u1ed1t t\u1eeb Machu Picchu, hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u01b0u gi\u1eef t\u1ea1i \u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc Yale. Ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 Peru \u0111\u00e3 y\u00eau c\u1ea7u tr\u1ea3 l\u1ea1i nh\u1eefng m\u00f3n \u0111\u1ed3 n\u00e0y, v\u1edbi l\u00fd do ch\u00fang thu\u1ed9c v\u1ec1 ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00e2n Peru v\u00e0 n\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ea3o t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i qu\u1ed1c gia xu\u1ea5t x\u1ee9 c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang.<\/p>\n\n
N\u0103m 2007, Yale \u0111\u1ed3ng \u00fd tr\u1ea3 l\u1ea1i h\u1ea7u h\u1ebft c\u00e1c hi\u1ec7n v\u1eadt \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ed5i l\u1ea5y vi\u1ec7c gi\u1eef l\u1ea1i m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 hi\u1ec7n v\u1eadt \u0111\u1ec3 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u th\u00eam. Tuy nhi\u00ean, ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 Peru \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ec7 \u0111\u01a1n ki\u1ec7n v\u00e0o n\u0103m 2017, y\u00eau c\u1ea7u tr\u1ea3 l\u1ea1i to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 b\u1ed9 s\u01b0u t\u1eadp.<\/p>\n\n
Cu\u1ed9c chi\u1ebfn ph\u00e1p l\u00fd \u0111ang di\u1ec5n ra gi\u1eefa Yale v\u00e0 Peru n\u00eau b\u1eadt nh\u1eefng v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p v\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c v\u00e0 ph\u00e1p l\u00fd li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn quy\u1ec1n s\u1edf h\u1eefu v\u00e0 h\u1ed3i h\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u00e1c hi\u1ec7n v\u1eadt v\u0103n h\u00f3a.<\/p>\n\n
Machu Picchu, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c UNESCO c\u00f4ng nh\u1eadn l\u00e0 Di s\u1ea3n Th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi, l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec3m \u0111\u1ebfn du l\u1ecbch n\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng nh\u1ea5t \u1edf Peru. V\u1ebb \u0111\u1eb9p ngo\u1ea1n m\u1ee5c v\u00e0 \u00fd ngh\u0129a l\u1ecbch s\u1eed c\u1ee7a n\u01a1i \u0111\u00e2y v\u1eabn ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c thu h\u00fat du kh\u00e1ch t\u1eeb kh\u1eafp n\u01a1i tr\u00ean th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi.<\/p>\n\n
Vi\u1ec7c kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 v\u00e0 tranh c\u00e3i xung quanh Machu Picchu nh\u1ea5n m\u1ea1nh t\u1ea7m quan tr\u1ecdng c\u1ee7a nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u l\u1ecbch s\u1eed v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng cu\u1ed9c tranh lu\u1eadn \u0111ang di\u1ec5n ra v\u1ec1 quy\u1ec1n s\u1edf h\u1eefu v\u00e0 b\u1ea3o t\u1ed3n di s\u1ea3n v\u0103n h\u00f3a.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
Machu Picchu: Kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 v\u00e0 tranh c\u00e3i Kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 Machu Picchu Vi\u1ec7c kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 ra Machu Picchu, m\u1ed9t th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 c\u1ed5 c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi Inca n\u1eb1m gi\u1eefa d\u00e3y n\u00fai Andes c\u1ee7a…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":4,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[767],"tags":[88,6102,2153,17561,1532,10],"class_list":["post-12996","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-history","tag-archaeology","tag-peruvian-history","tag-machu-picchu","tag-ancient-inca","tag-discovery","tag-controversy"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/12996","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/4"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=12996"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/12996\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":12997,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/12996\/revisions\/12997"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=12996"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=12996"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=12996"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}