{"id":13112,"date":"2024-07-17T12:16:44","date_gmt":"2024-07-17T12:16:44","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/?p=13112"},"modified":"2024-07-17T12:16:44","modified_gmt":"2024-07-17T12:16:44","slug":"microbes-secret-ingredient-wine-distinctive-flavors","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/science\/food-science\/microbes-secret-ingredient-wine-distinctive-flavors\/","title":{"rendered":"Vi sinh v\u1eadt: Th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n b\u00ed m\u1eadt t\u1ea1o n\u00ean h\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u1ecb \u0111\u1eb7c tr\u01b0ng c\u1ee7a r\u01b0\u1ee3u vang"},"content":{"rendered":"

Vi sinh v\u1eadt: Th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n b\u00ed m\u1eadt t\u1ea1o n\u00ean h\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u1ecb \u0111\u1eb7c tr\u01b0ng c\u1ee7a r\u01b0\u1ee3u vang<\/h2>\n\n

Vai tr\u00f2 c\u1ee7a vi sinh v\u1eadt trong vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u00ecnh h\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u1ecb r\u01b0\u1ee3u vang<\/h2>\n\n

R\u01b0\u1ee3u vang n\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng v\u1edbi h\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u1ecb \u0111a d\u1ea1ng, thay \u0111\u1ed5i \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3 t\u00f9y theo t\u1eebng v\u00f9ng mi\u1ec1n. M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 th\u1ed5 nh\u01b0\u1ee1ng, hay s\u1ef1 k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ed9c \u0111\u00e1o c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ea5t, kh\u00ed h\u1eadu v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ecba h\u00ecnh, t\u1eeb l\u00e2u \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00f4ng nh\u1eadn l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 ch\u00ednh trong vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u00ecnh nh\u1eefng h\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u1ecb n\u00e0y, nh\u01b0ng c\u00e1c nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u g\u1ea7n \u0111\u00e2y \u0111\u00e3 ti\u1ebft l\u1ed9 m\u1ed9t t\u00e1c nh\u00e2n \u1ea9n: vi sinh v\u1eadt.<\/p>\n\n

Vi sinh v\u1eadt, bao g\u1ed3m vi khu\u1ea9n, n\u1ea5m v\u00e0 n\u1ea5m men, c\u00f3 m\u1eb7t \u1edf kh\u1eafp m\u1ecdi n\u01a1i trong v\u01b0\u1eddn nho v\u00e0 nh\u00e0 m\u00e1y r\u01b0\u1ee3u. Ch\u00fang c\u01b0 tr\u00fa tr\u00ean b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t nho, trong \u0111\u1ea5t v\u00e0 th\u1eadm ch\u00ed trong d\u1ecbch nho, nho \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nghi\u1ec1n d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m r\u01b0\u1ee3u vang. C\u00e1c vi sinh v\u1eadt n\u00e0y \u0111\u00f3ng m\u1ed9t vai tr\u00f2 quan tr\u1ecdng trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh l\u00ean men, \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn h\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u1ecb, m\u00f9i th\u01a1m v\u00e0 k\u1ebft c\u1ea5u c\u1ee7a r\u01b0\u1ee3u vang.<\/p>\n\n

\u0110a d\u1ea1ng v\u1ec1 vi sinh v\u1eadt v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t theo t\u1eebng v\u00f9ng<\/h2>\n\n

C\u00e1c nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ec9 ra r\u1eb1ng c\u00e1c c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng vi sinh v\u1eadt \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00ecm th\u1ea5y tr\u00ean nho thay \u0111\u1ed5i \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3 gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecba \u0111i\u1ec3m. S\u1ef1 \u0111a d\u1ea1ng n\u00e0y ch\u1ecbu \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 nh\u01b0 kh\u00ed h\u1eadu, th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea5t v\u00e0 c\u00e1c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng tr\u1ed3ng nho. Do \u0111\u00f3, c\u00e1c v\u00f9ng s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t r\u01b0\u1ee3u vang kh\u00e1c nhau t\u1ea1o ra c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i r\u01b0\u1ee3u vang c\u00f3 h\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u1ecb \u0111\u1eb7c tr\u01b0ng ri\u00eang bi\u1ec7t.<\/p>\n\n

T\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe c\u1ee7a nho v\u00e0 qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh l\u00ean men<\/h2>\n\n

Vi sinh v\u1eadt c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u00f3 c\u1ea3 t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u00edch c\u1ef1c v\u00e0 ti\u00eau c\u1ef1c \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe c\u1ee7a nho. M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 vi sinh v\u1eadt b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 nho kh\u1ecfi b\u1ec7nh t\u1eadt, trong khi m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 kh\u00e1c c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 g\u00e2y h\u01b0 h\u1ecfng. Trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh l\u00ean men, vi sinh v\u1eadt chuy\u1ec3n h\u00f3a \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng nho th\u00e0nh r\u01b0\u1ee3u v\u00e0 c\u00e1c h\u1ee3p ch\u1ea5t kh\u00e1c g\u00f3p ph\u1ea7n t\u1ea1o n\u00ean h\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u1ecb v\u00e0 m\u00f9i th\u01a1m c\u1ee7a r\u01b0\u1ee3u vang.<\/p>\n\n

\u0110i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t r\u01b0\u1ee3u vang \u0111\u1ec3 t\u0103ng c\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111a d\u1ea1ng v\u1ec1 vi sinh v\u1eadt<\/h2>\n\n

Hi\u1ec3u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c vai tr\u00f2 c\u1ee7a vi sinh v\u1eadt trong s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t r\u01b0\u1ee3u vang cho ph\u00e9p c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t r\u01b0\u1ee3u vang \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd \u0111\u1ec3 th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y ho\u1eb7c ng\u0103n c\u1ea3n s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng vi sinh v\u1eadt c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3. V\u00ed d\u1ee5, h\u1ecd c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p x\u1eed l\u00fd v\u01b0\u1eddn nho, k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt canh t\u00e1c v\u00e0 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p l\u00ean men \u0111\u1ec3 khuy\u1ebfn kh\u00edch s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c vi sinh v\u1eadt c\u00f3 l\u1ee3i gi\u00fap n\u00e2ng cao ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng r\u01b0\u1ee3u vang.<\/p>\n\n

\u00dd ngh\u0129a \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m n\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p kh\u00e1c<\/h2>\n\n

Nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng vi sinh v\u1eadt trong r\u01b0\u1ee3u vang c\u00f3 \u00fd ngh\u0129a v\u01b0\u1ee3t ra ngo\u00e0i ng\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p r\u01b0\u1ee3u vang. Nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u n\u00e0y cho th\u1ea5y r\u1eb1ng c\u00e1c nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng cho c\u00e1c s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m n\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p kh\u00e1c, ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n nh\u01b0 tr\u00e1i c\u00e2y v\u00e0 rau qu\u1ea3 t\u01b0\u01a1i. B\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch thao t\u00e1c c\u00e1c c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng vi sinh v\u1eadt, n\u00f4ng d\u00e2n v\u00e0 nh\u00e0 ch\u1ebf bi\u1ebfn th\u1ef1c ph\u1ea9m c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng, th\u1eddi h\u1ea1n s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng v\u00e0 gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb dinh d\u01b0\u1ee1ng c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd.<\/p>\n\n

C\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng vi sinh v\u1eadt v\u00e0 h\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u1ecb r\u01b0\u1ee3u vang<\/h2>\n\n

S\u1ef1 ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c vi sinh v\u1eadt<\/h2>\n\n

C\u00e1c c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng vi sinh v\u1eadt \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00ecm th\u1ea5y tr\u00ean nho v\u00e0 trong r\u01b0\u1ee3u vang c\u1ef1c k\u1ef3 ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p v\u00e0 n\u0103ng \u0111\u1ed9ng. Ch\u00fang t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c v\u1edbi nhau v\u00e0 v\u1edbi ch\u00ednh c\u00e2y nho, t\u1ea1o ra m\u1ed9t m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 c\u1ed9ng sinh. M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 vi sinh v\u1eadt t\u1ea1o ra c\u00e1c h\u1ee3p ch\u1ea5t \u1ee9c ch\u1ebf s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a vi khu\u1ea9n c\u00f3 h\u1ea1i, trong khi nh\u1eefng vi sinh v\u1eadt kh\u00e1c g\u00f3p ph\u1ea7n t\u1ea1o n\u00ean h\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u1ecb v\u00e0 m\u00f9i th\u01a1m c\u1ee7a r\u01b0\u1ee3u vang.<\/p>\n\n

Vai tr\u00f2 c\u1ee7a n\u1ea5m men<\/h2>\n\n

N\u1ea5m men l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1i n\u1ea5m \u0111\u00f3ng m\u1ed9t vai tr\u00f2 \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t quan tr\u1ecdng trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh l\u00ean men r\u01b0\u1ee3u vang. Ch\u00fang chuy\u1ec3n h\u00f3a \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng nho th\u00e0nh r\u01b0\u1ee3u v\u00e0 carbon dioxide, t\u1ea1o ra h\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u1ecb v\u00e0 m\u00f9i th\u01a1m \u0111\u1eb7c tr\u01b0ng c\u1ee7a r\u01b0\u1ee3u vang. C\u00e1c ch\u1ee7ng n\u1ea5m men kh\u00e1c nhau t\u1ea1o ra c\u00e1c h\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u1ecb kh\u00e1c nhau, cho ph\u00e9p c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t r\u01b0\u1ee3u vang l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn c\u00e1c ch\u1ee7ng b\u1ed5 sung cho phong c\u00e1ch r\u01b0\u1ee3u vang mong mu\u1ed1n.<\/p>\n\n

\u1ea2nh h\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 l\u00ean men<\/h2>\n\n

Nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 l\u00ean men r\u01b0\u1ee3u vang c\u0169ng \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng vi sinh v\u1eadt. Nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 m\u00e1t h\u01a1n t\u1ea1o \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n cho m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 ch\u1ee7ng n\u1ea5m men ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n, t\u1ea1o ra h\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u1ecb tinh t\u1ebf h\u01a1n, trong khi nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 \u1ea5m h\u01a1n th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c ch\u1ee7ng t\u1ea1o ra h\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u1ecb m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd h\u01a1n.<\/p>\n\n

\u0110i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t r\u01b0\u1ee3u vang \u0111\u1ec3 t\u0103ng c\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111a d\u1ea1ng v\u1ec1 vi sinh v\u1eadt<\/h2>\n\n

Qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd v\u01b0\u1eddn nho<\/h2>\n\n

C\u00e1c nh\u00e0 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t r\u01b0\u1ee3u vang c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng vi sinh v\u1eadt trong v\u01b0\u1eddn nho c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng canh t\u00e1c b\u1ec1n v\u1eefng. C\u00e1c k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt canh t\u00e1c h\u1eefu c\u01a1 v\u00e0 sinh h\u1ecdc th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe \u0111\u1ea5t \u0111ai v\u00e0 khuy\u1ebfn kh\u00edch s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c vi sinh v\u1eadt c\u00f3 l\u1ee3i.<\/p>\n\n

Th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m thu ho\u1ea1ch<\/h2>\n\n

Th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m thu ho\u1ea1ch nho c\u0169ng \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111a d\u1ea1ng v\u1ec1 vi sinh v\u1eadt. Thu ho\u1ea1ch nho khi ch\u00edn t\u1edbi s\u1ebd \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t qu\u1ea7n th\u1ec3 vi sinh v\u1eadt c\u00f3 l\u1ee3i kh\u1ecfe m\u1ea1nh v\u00e0 gi\u1ea3m thi\u1ec3u nguy c\u01a1 h\u01b0 h\u1ecfng.<\/p>\n\n

Qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh l\u00ean men<\/h2>\n\n

Trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh l\u00ean men, c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t r\u01b0\u1ee3u vang c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng nhi\u1ec1u k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt kh\u00e1c nhau \u0111\u1ec3 th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng vi sinh v\u1eadt mong mu\u1ed1n. V\u00ed d\u1ee5, h\u1ecd c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ti\u00eam d\u1ecbch nho b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1c ch\u1ee7ng n\u1ea5m men \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ecdn ho\u1eb7c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng th\u00f9ng g\u1ed7 s\u1ed3i ch\u1ee9a vi khu\u1ea9n c\u00f3 l\u1ee3i.<\/p>\n\n

K\u1ebft lu\u1eadn<\/h2>\n\n

Vi sinh v\u1eadt l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng t\u00e1c nh\u00e2n thi\u1ebft y\u1ebfu trong th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi r\u01b0\u1ee3u vang, \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u00ecnh h\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u1ecb, m\u00f9i th\u01a1m v\u00e0 k\u1ebft c\u1ea5u c\u1ee7a th\u1ee9c u\u1ed1ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c y\u00eau th\u00edch n\u00e0y. B\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch hi\u1ec3u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c vai tr\u00f2 c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng vi sinh v\u1eadt, c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t r\u01b0\u1ee3u vang c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd \u0111\u1ec3 n\u00e2ng cao ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng r\u01b0\u1ee3u vang v\u00e0 t\u1ea1o ra nh\u1eefng lo\u1ea1i r\u01b0\u1ee3u vang c\u00f3 h\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u1ecb \u0111\u1eb7c tr\u01b0ng c\u1ee7a t\u1eebng v\u00f9ng.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Vi sinh v\u1eadt: Th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n b\u00ed m\u1eadt t\u1ea1o n\u00ean h\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u1ecb \u0111\u1eb7c tr\u01b0ng c\u1ee7a r\u01b0\u1ee3u vang Vai tr\u00f2 c\u1ee7a vi sinh v\u1eadt trong vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u00ecnh h\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u1ecb r\u01b0\u1ee3u vang…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":23882,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[628],"tags":[1703,11381,7414,622,2592,4538],"class_list":["post-13112","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-food-science","tag-microbiome","tag-flavor","tag-winemaking","tag-fermentation","tag-wine","tag-microbes"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/13112","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=13112"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/13112\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":13113,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/13112\/revisions\/13113"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/23882"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=13112"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=13112"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=13112"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}