{"id":13155,"date":"2024-06-19T22:57:32","date_gmt":"2024-06-19T22:57:32","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/?p=13155"},"modified":"2024-06-19T22:57:32","modified_gmt":"2024-06-19T22:57:32","slug":"art-museum-collections-lack-diversity","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/art\/diversity-in-art-museums\/art-museum-collections-lack-diversity\/","title":{"rendered":"S\u1ef1 thi\u1ebfu \u0111a d\u1ea1ng \u0111\u00e1ng kinh ng\u1ea1c trong c\u00e1c b\u1ed9 s\u01b0u t\u1eadp c\u1ee7a vi\u1ec7n b\u1ea3o t\u00e0ng ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt: S\u1ef1 th\u1ed1ng tr\u1ecb c\u1ee7a nam gi\u1edbi da tr\u1eafng"},"content":{"rendered":"

S\u1ef1 thi\u1ebfu \u0111a d\u1ea1ng trong c\u00e1c b\u1ed9 s\u01b0u t\u1eadp c\u1ee7a vi\u1ec7n b\u1ea3o t\u00e0ng ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt<\/h2>\n\n

S\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n v\u1ec1 gi\u1edbi t\u00ednh v\u00e0 d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c trong c\u00e1c vi\u1ec7n b\u1ea3o t\u00e0ng l\u1edbn<\/h2>\n\n

M\u1ed9t nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u \u0111\u1ed9t ph\u00e1 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00f4ng b\u1ed1 tr\u00ean t\u1ea1p ch\u00ed PLoS One \u0111\u00e3 ti\u1ebft l\u1ed9 s\u1ef1 thi\u1ebfu \u0111a d\u1ea1ng \u0111\u00e1ng kinh ng\u1ea1c trong c\u00e1c b\u1ed9 s\u01b0u t\u1eadp c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c vi\u1ec7n b\u1ea3o t\u00e0ng ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt l\u1edbn t\u1ea1i Hoa K\u1ef3. Nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u \u0111\u00e3 ph\u00e2n t\u00edch h\u01a1n 40.000 t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt t\u1ea1i 18 vi\u1ec7n b\u1ea3o t\u00e0ng n\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n ra r\u1eb1ng 85% c\u00e1c ngh\u1ec7 s\u0129 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1edbi thi\u1ec7u l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi da tr\u1eafng v\u00e0 87% l\u00e0 nam gi\u1edbi.<\/p>\n\n

S\u1ef1 thi\u1ebfu \u0111a d\u1ea1ng n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed1i quan t\u00e2m trong nhi\u1ec1u th\u1eadp k\u1ef7. V\u00e0o n\u0103m 1989, nh\u00f3m n\u1eef quy\u1ec1n Guerrilla Girls \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1eb7t ra c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi n\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng: “Li\u1ec7u ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef c\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i kh\u1ecfa th\u00e2n \u0111\u1ec3 v\u00e0o \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c B\u1ea3o t\u00e0ng Ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt Metropolitan kh\u00f4ng?”. C\u00e2u h\u1ecfi \u0111\u1ea7y khi\u00eau kh\u00edch c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd \u0111\u00e3 nh\u1ea5n m\u1ea1nh s\u1ef1 thi\u1ebfu \u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef t\u1ea1i B\u1ea3o t\u00e0ng Ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt Metropolitan.<\/p>\n\n

Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u<\/h2>\n\n

Nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u g\u1ea7n \u0111\u00e2y c\u1ee7a Chad Topaz thu\u1ed9c \u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc Williams v\u00e0 c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed3ng nghi\u1ec7p c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng l\u00e0 cu\u1ed9c \u0111i\u1ec1u tra \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean tr\u00ean quy m\u00f4 l\u1edbn v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 \u0111a d\u1ea1ng ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c v\u0103n h\u00f3a. H\u1ecd \u0111\u00e3 t\u1ea1o ra danh s\u00e1ch kho\u1ea3ng 10.000 ngh\u1ec7 s\u0129 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n trong c\u00e1c b\u1ed9 s\u01b0u t\u1eadp th\u01b0\u1eddng tr\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c vi\u1ec7n b\u1ea3o t\u00e0ng nh\u01b0 B\u1ea3o t\u00e0ng Ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt Metropolitan, Vi\u1ec7n Ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt Chicago v\u00e0 Ph\u00f2ng tr\u01b0ng b\u00e0y Ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt Qu\u1ed1c gia.<\/p>\n\n

\u0110\u1ec3 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh gi\u1edbi t\u00ednh v\u00e0 d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c ngh\u1ec7 s\u0129, c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u \u0111\u00e3 tuy\u1ec3n d\u1ee5ng nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c th\u00f4ng qua n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng cung c\u1ea5p d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 \u0111\u00e1m \u0111\u00f4ng Amazon Mechanical Turk. M\u1ed7i danh s\u00e1ch t\u00ean \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1ea3i qua \u00edt nh\u1ea5t n\u0103m v\u00f2ng ph\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i v\u00e0 c\u00e1c ph\u1ea3n h\u1ed3i \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ki\u1ec3m tra ch\u00e9o \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed3ng thu\u1eadn.<\/p>\n\n

K\u1ebft qu\u1ea3: S\u1ef1 th\u1ed1ng tr\u1ecb c\u1ee7a nam gi\u1edbi da tr\u1eafng<\/h2>\n\n

C\u00e1c nh\u00e0 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n ra r\u1eb1ng nam gi\u1edbi da tr\u1eafng chi\u1ebfm \u01b0u th\u1ebf trong m\u1eabu, chi\u1ebfm t\u1edbi 75,7% d\u1eef li\u1ec7u cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng. Ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef da tr\u1eafng x\u1ebfp sau v\u1edbi t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 10,8%, ti\u1ebfp theo l\u00e0 nam gi\u1edbi g\u1ed1c \u00c1 (7,5%) v\u00e0 nam gi\u1edbi g\u1ed1c T\u00e2y Ban Nha (2,6%). T\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c nh\u00f3m kh\u00e1c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n v\u1ec1 c\u1ea3 gi\u1edbi t\u00ednh v\u00e0 d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ghi nh\u1eadn v\u1edbi t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 d\u01b0\u1edbi 1%.<\/p>\n\n

S\u1ef1 ch\u00eanh l\u1ec7ch gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c vi\u1ec7n b\u1ea3o t\u00e0ng<\/h2>\n\n

M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 vi\u1ec7n b\u1ea3o t\u00e0ng ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n nh\u1eefng vi\u1ec7n kh\u00e1c, nh\u01b0ng s\u1ef1 ch\u00eanh l\u1ec7ch trong \u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n v\u1eabn r\u1ea5t \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3. V\u00ed d\u1ee5, c\u00e1c ngh\u1ec7 s\u0129 ng\u01b0\u1eddi M\u1ef9 g\u1ed1c Phi chi\u1ebfm 10,6% s\u1ed1 ngh\u1ec7 s\u0129 trong b\u1ed9 s\u01b0u t\u1eadp c\u1ee7a B\u1ea3o t\u00e0ng Ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt Atlanta High, so v\u1edbi ch\u1ec9 1,2% tr\u00ean to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 c\u00e1c vi\u1ec7n b\u1ea3o t\u00e0ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u. B\u1ea3o t\u00e0ng Ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt \u0110\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ea1i Los Angeles t\u1ef1 h\u00e0o v\u1ec1 t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 c\u00e1c t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c ngh\u1ec7 s\u0129 g\u1ed1c T\u00e2y Ban Nha cao g\u1ea5p kho\u1ea3ng ba l\u1ea7n m\u1ee9c trung b\u00ecnh to\u00e0n qu\u1ed1c.<\/p>\n\n

Tuy nhi\u00ean, c\u00e1c vi\u1ec7n b\u1ea3o t\u00e0ng kh\u00e1c l\u1ea1i kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ea1t y\u00eau c\u1ea7u. H\u01a1n 97% s\u1ed1 ngh\u1ec7 s\u0129 trong b\u1ed9 s\u01b0u t\u1eadp c\u1ee7a Ph\u00f2ng tr\u01b0ng b\u00e0y Ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt Qu\u1ed1c gia l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi da tr\u1eafng v\u00e0 90% l\u00e0 nam gi\u1edbi. B\u1ea3o t\u00e0ng Ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt Hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i \u1edf New York, m\u1eb7c d\u00f9 t\u1eadp trung v\u00e0o m\u1ed9t giai \u0111o\u1ea1n trong l\u1ecbch s\u1eed ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt v\u1edbi nhi\u1ec1u s\u1ef1 \u0111a d\u1ea1ng h\u01a1n, nh\u01b0ng ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 11% ngh\u1ec7 s\u0129 n\u1eef trong b\u1ed9 s\u01b0u t\u1eadp c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh.<\/p>\n\n

H\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf c\u1ee7a nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u<\/h2>\n\n

Nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf. C\u00e1c t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u01b0a v\u00e0o nh\u1eefng ngh\u1ec7 s\u0129 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh danh t\u00ednh g\u1ea7n nh\u01b0 ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn, b\u1ecf qua nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o \u1ea9n danh t\u1eeb nhi\u1ec1u th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 tr\u01b0\u1edbc, bao g\u1ed3m c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi da m\u00e0u.<\/p>\n\n

C\u00e1c m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau c\u1ee7a b\u1ed9 s\u01b0u t\u1eadp v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 \u0111a d\u1ea1ng<\/h2>\n\n

\u0110i\u1ec1u th\u00fa v\u1ecb l\u00e0 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n ra r\u1eb1ng c\u00f3 r\u1ea5t \u00edt m\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u01a1ng quan gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau s\u01b0u t\u1eadp \u0111\u00e3 n\u00eau c\u1ee7a vi\u1ec7n b\u1ea3o t\u00e0ng v\u00e0 m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 \u0111a d\u1ea1ng t\u1ed5ng th\u1ec3 c\u1ee7a vi\u1ec7n b\u1ea3o t\u00e0ng \u0111\u00f3. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y cho th\u1ea5y r\u1eb1ng c\u00e1c vi\u1ec7n b\u1ea3o t\u00e0ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u0103ng c\u01b0\u1eddng s\u1ef1 \u0111a d\u1ea1ng trong c\u00e1c b\u1ed9 s\u01b0u t\u1eadp c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n thay \u0111\u1ed5i tr\u1ecdng t\u00e2m v\u00e0o c\u00e1c giai \u0111o\u1ea1n th\u1eddi gian v\u00e0 khu v\u1ef1c \u0111\u1ecba l\u00fd c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3.<\/p>\n\n

L\u1eddi k\u00eau g\u1ecdi h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng<\/h2>\n\n

S\u1ef1 thi\u1ebfu \u0111a d\u1ea1ng trong c\u00e1c b\u1ed9 s\u01b0u t\u1eadp c\u1ee7a vi\u1ec7n b\u1ea3o t\u00e0ng ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 dai d\u1eb3ng c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft. C\u00e1c vi\u1ec7n b\u1ea3o t\u00e0ng c\u00f3 tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m \u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n cho s\u1ef1 \u0111a d\u1ea1ng c\u1ee7a c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd v\u00e0 gi\u00fap t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt.<\/p>\n\n

B\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch t\u0103ng c\u01b0\u1eddng s\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef, ng\u01b0\u1eddi da m\u00e0u v\u00e0 c\u00e1c nh\u00f3m d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c thi\u1ec3u s\u1ed1 kh\u00e1c trong c\u00e1c b\u1ed9 s\u01b0u t\u1eadp c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh, c\u00e1c vi\u1ec7n b\u1ea3o t\u00e0ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o ra m\u1ed9t th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt to\u00e0n di\u1ec7n v\u00e0 c\u00f4ng b\u1eb1ng h\u01a1n cho t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

S\u1ef1 thi\u1ebfu \u0111a d\u1ea1ng trong c\u00e1c b\u1ed9 s\u01b0u t\u1eadp c\u1ee7a vi\u1ec7n b\u1ea3o t\u00e0ng ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt S\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n v\u1ec1 gi\u1edbi t\u00ednh v\u00e0 d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c trong c\u00e1c vi\u1ec7n b\u1ea3o t\u00e0ng l\u1edbn…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":23693,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[17744],"tags":[17743,17740,17741,6615,2755,17742],"class_list":["post-13155","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-diversity-in-art-museums","tag-art-equity","tag-art-museum-collections","tag-gender-and-ethnicity-in-art","tag-diversity-in-art","tag-representation-matters","tag-representation-in-art"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/13155","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=13155"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/13155\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":13156,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/13155\/revisions\/13156"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/23693"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=13155"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=13155"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=13155"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}