{"id":13173,"date":"2023-07-24T09:26:09","date_gmt":"2023-07-24T09:26:09","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/?p=13173"},"modified":"2023-07-24T09:26:09","modified_gmt":"2023-07-24T09:26:09","slug":"the-petrified-forest-a-window-to-the-past","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/science\/earth-science\/the-petrified-forest-a-window-to-the-past\/","title":{"rendered":"Nh\u1eefng kh\u00fac g\u1ed7 Sherman: C\u1eeda s\u1ed5 nh\u00ecn v\u1ec1 qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9"},"content":{"rendered":"

Khu r\u1eebng h\u00f3a th\u1ea1ch: C\u1eeda s\u1ed5 nh\u00ecn v\u1ec1 qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9<\/h2>\n\n

Nh\u1eefng kh\u00fac g\u1ed7 Sherman: Di s\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 t\u00f2 m\u00f2<\/h2>\n\n

N\u1eb1m ngay t\u1ea1i trung t\u00e2m B\u1ea3o t\u00e0ng L\u1ecbch s\u1eed T\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean Qu\u1ed1c gia Smithsonian, hai th\u00e2n c\u00e2y c\u1ed5 \u0111\u1ea1i s\u1eebng s\u1eefng nh\u01b0 nh\u1eefng nh\u00e2n ch\u1ee9ng th\u1ea7m l\u1eb7ng c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i \u0111\u00e3 qua. Nh\u1eefng kh\u00fac g\u1ed7 h\u00f3a th\u1ea1ch n\u00e0y, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 “Nh\u1eefng kh\u00fac g\u1ed7 Sherman”, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thu th\u1eadp v\u00e0o n\u0103m 1879 theo l\u1ec7nh c\u1ee7a T\u01b0\u1edbng William Tecumseh Sherman. C\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n v\u1ec1 ch\u00fang l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t giai tho\u1ea1i v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 t\u00f2 m\u00f2 khoa h\u1ecdc, nh\u1eefng k\u1ef3 quan \u0111\u1ecba ch\u1ea5t v\u00e0 qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh b\u1ea3o t\u1ed3n di s\u1ea3n thi\u00ean nhi\u00ean c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta.<\/p>\n\n

Khu r\u1eebng k\u1ef7 Trias \u0111\u00f3ng b\u0103ng trong th\u1eddi gian<\/h2>\n\n

Nh\u1eefng kh\u00fac g\u1ed7 Sherman b\u1eaft ngu\u1ed3n t\u1eeb m\u1ed9t khu r\u1eebng th\u1eddi ti\u1ec1n s\u1eed ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd \u1edf Arizona v\u00e0o k\u1ef7 Trias, c\u00e1ch \u0111\u00e2y h\u01a1n 200 tri\u1ec7u n\u0103m. V\u01b0\u01a1n cao t\u1edbi 200 feet, nh\u1eefng c\u00e2y l\u00e1 kim kh\u1ed5ng l\u1ed3 n\u00e0y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t h\u1ec7 sinh th\u00e1i tr\u00e0n \u0111\u1ea7y s\u1ef1 s\u1ed1ng. Kh\u00ed h\u1eadu khi \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1edbi, v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng tr\u1eadn si\u00eau gi\u00f3 m\u00f9a theo m\u00f9a bi\u1ebfn nh\u1eefng l\u00f2ng su\u1ed1i kh\u00f4 c\u1eb1n th\u00e0nh nh\u1eefng con s\u00f4ng cu\u1ed3n cu\u1ed9n.<\/p>\n\n

Si\u00eau gi\u00f3 m\u00f9a v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 s\u1ee5p \u0111\u1ed5 c\u1ee7a khu r\u1eebng<\/h2>\n\n

M\u1ed9t ng\u00e0y \u0111\u1ecbnh m\u1ec7nh, m\u1ed9t v\u1ee5 phun tr\u00e0o n\u00fai l\u1eeda d\u1eef d\u1ed9i \u0111\u00e3 phun tro v\u00e0 m\u1ea3nh v\u1ee5n v\u00e0o nh\u1eefng con s\u00f4ng \u0111ang tr\u00e0n b\u1edd. N\u01b0\u1edbc l\u0169 tr\u00e0n qua \u0111\u1ed3ng b\u1eb1ng ng\u1eadp l\u1ee5t, nh\u1ed5 b\u1eadt g\u1ed1c v\u00e0 ch\u00f4n v\u00f9i nh\u1eefng c\u00e2y xanh trong nhi\u1ec1u l\u1edbp tr\u1ea7m t\u00edch. \u0110\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 kh\u1ecfi qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh ph\u00e2n h\u1ee7y b\u1edfi c\u00e1c kho\u00e1ng ch\u1ea5t n\u00fai l\u1eeda, nh\u1eefng th\u00e2n c\u00e2y d\u1ea7n d\u1ea7n h\u00f3a th\u1ea1ch, g\u1ed7 c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thay th\u1ebf b\u1eb1ng silica c\u1ee9ng nh\u01b0 \u0111\u00e1.<\/p>\n\n

Kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 v\u00e0 thu th\u1eadp<\/h2>\n\n

Nhi\u1ec1u th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 sau, v\u00e0o n\u0103m 1878, T\u01b0\u1edbng Sherman, khi \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 nhi\u1ebfp ch\u00ednh c\u1ee7a Vi\u1ec7n Smithsonian, \u0111\u00e3 ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n ra “nh\u1eefng m\u1eabu v\u1eadt phi th\u01b0\u1eddng” c\u1ee7a g\u1ed7 h\u00f3a th\u1ea1ch \u1edf L\u00e3nh th\u1ed5 Arizona. \u00d4ng ra l\u1ec7nh cho qu\u00e2n l\u00ednh c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh thu th\u1eadp hai kh\u00fac g\u1ed7 \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u01b0ng b\u00e0y t\u1ea1i b\u1ea3o t\u00e0ng. V\u00e0o n\u0103m 1879, Trung \u00fay J. F. C. Hegewald \u0111\u00e3 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n m\u1ed9t cu\u1ed9c h\u00e0nh tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ea7y hi\u1ec3m nguy \u0111\u1ec3 l\u1ea5y nh\u1eefng kh\u00fac g\u1ed7, ch\u1ea1m tr\u00e1n v\u1edbi c\u00e1c b\u1ed9 l\u1ea1c Navajo tin r\u1eb1ng g\u1ed7 h\u00f3a th\u1ea1ch mang \u00fd ngh\u0129a t\u00e2m linh.<\/p>\n\n

Nh\u1eefng th\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a c\u00f4ng t\u00e1c b\u1ea3o t\u1ed3n<\/h2>\n\n

M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 g\u1ed7 h\u00f3a th\u1ea1ch r\u1ea5t b\u1ec1n, nh\u01b0ng ch\u00fang kh\u00f4ng mi\u1ec5n nhi\u1ec5m v\u1edbi c\u00e1c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi. V\u00e0o cu\u1ed1i th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 19, Khu r\u1eebng h\u00f3a th\u1ea1ch ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ed1i m\u1eb7t v\u1edbi t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng khai th\u00e1c tr\u00e0n lan khi m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u00ecm c\u00e1ch ki\u1ebfm l\u1ee3i t\u1eeb ngu\u1ed3n t\u00e0i nguy\u00ean thi\u00ean nhi\u00ean \u0111\u1ed9c \u0111\u00e1o n\u00e0y. C\u00e1c th\u01b0\u01a1ng nh\u00e2n n\u01b0\u1edbc ngo\u00e0i mua g\u1ed7 \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m m\u1eb7t b\u00e0n, v\u00e0 c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng ty s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng th\u00e2n c\u00e2y \u0111\u1ec3 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t \u0111\u00e1 nh\u00e1m v\u00e0 c\u00e1c s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m kh\u00e1c.<\/p>\n\n

B\u1ea3o t\u1ed3n v\u00e0 b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7<\/h2>\n\n

Nh\u1eadn ra nhu c\u1ea7u b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7, T\u1ed5ng th\u1ed1ng Teddy Roosevelt \u0111\u00e3 th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp Khu r\u1eebng h\u00f3a th\u1ea1ch th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t t\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u00e0i qu\u1ed1c gia v\u00e0o n\u0103m 1906. Tuy nhi\u00ean, m\u00e3i \u0111\u1ebfn n\u0103m 1962, d\u01b0\u1edbi th\u1eddi T\u1ed5ng th\u1ed1ng John F. Kennedy, khu v\u1ef1c n\u00e0y m\u1edbi \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u1ecb th\u1ebf l\u00e0 c\u00f4ng vi\u00ean qu\u1ed1c gia. Ng\u00e0y nay, C\u00f4ng vi\u00ean qu\u1ed1c gia R\u1eebng h\u00f3a th\u1ea1ch b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 nh\u1eefng kh\u00fac g\u1ed7 h\u00f3a th\u1ea1ch c\u1ed5 \u0111\u1ea1i v\u00e0 h\u1ec7 sinh th\u00e1i xung quanh cho c\u00e1c th\u1ebf h\u1ec7 t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai.<\/p>\n\n

C\u1eeda s\u1ed5 nh\u00ecn v\u1ec1 qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9<\/h2>\n\n

G\u1ed7 h\u00f3a th\u1ea1ch c\u1ee7a Khu r\u1eebng h\u00f3a th\u1ea1ch cung c\u1ea5p cho c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc m\u1ed9t c\u00e1i nh\u00ecn tho\u00e1ng qua v\u1ec1 qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9 xa x\u00f4i. Nh\u1eefng kh\u00fac g\u1ed7 c\u00f3 ch\u1ee9a c\u00f4n tr\u00f9ng h\u00f3a th\u1ea1ch, cho th\u1ea5y r\u1eb1ng lo\u00e0i ong c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u00e3 t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i t\u1eeb r\u1ea5t l\u00e2u tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi hoa ti\u1ebfn h\u00f3a. Ch\u00fang c\u0169ng ti\u1ebft l\u1ed9 b\u1eb1ng ch\u1ee9ng v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c lo\u00e0i th\u1ef1c v\u1eadt v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u1eadt c\u1ed5 \u0111\u1ea1i kh\u00e1c, gi\u00fap ch\u00fang ta gh\u00e9p n\u1ed1i h\u1ec7 sinh th\u00e1i ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p t\u1eebng ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd trong khu v\u1ef1c n\u00e0y.<\/p>\n\n

Ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng th\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c li\u00ean t\u1ee5c<\/h2>\n\n

M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 c\u00f3 c\u00e1c bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 c\u1ee7a c\u00f4ng vi\u00ean, Khu r\u1eebng h\u00f3a th\u1ea1ch v\u1eabn ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ed1i m\u1eb7t v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng th\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c. Vi\u1ec7c thu th\u1eadp g\u1ed7 h\u00f3a th\u1ea1ch b\u1ea5t h\u1ee3p ph\u00e1p v\u1eabn l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t m\u1ed1i quan t\u00e2m, v\u1edbi \u01b0\u1edbc t\u00ednh c\u00f3 kho\u1ea3ng 12-14 t\u1ea5n g\u1ed7 b\u1ecb du kh\u00e1ch l\u1ea5y \u0111i h\u00e0ng n\u0103m \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m \u0111\u1ed3 l\u01b0u ni\u1ec7m. C\u00e1c ki\u1ec3m l\u00e2m vi\u00ean c\u00f4ng vi\u00ean l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c kh\u00f4ng m\u1ec7t m\u1ecfi \u0111\u1ec3 th\u1ef1c thi c\u00e1c quy \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u00e0 gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c du kh\u00e1ch v\u1ec1 t\u1ea7m quan tr\u1ecdng c\u1ee7a vi\u1ec7c b\u1ea3o t\u1ed3n ngu\u1ed3n t\u00e0i nguy\u00ean \u0111\u1ed9c \u0111\u00e1o n\u00e0y.<\/p>\n\n

Di s\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng kh\u00fac g\u1ed7 Sherman<\/h2>\n\n

Nh\u1eefng kh\u00fac g\u1ed7 Sherman l\u00e0 minh ch\u1ee9ng cho s\u1ef1 say m\u00ea b\u1ec1n b\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi l\u1ecbch s\u1eed t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean v\u00e0 t\u1ea7m quan tr\u1ecdng c\u1ee7a vi\u1ec7c b\u1ea3o t\u1ed3n di s\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ecba ch\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta. S\u1ef1 hi\u1ec7n di\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang trong B\u1ea3o t\u00e0ng Smithsonian cho ph\u00e9p du kh\u00e1ch k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i v\u1edbi th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi c\u1ed5 \u0111\u1ea1i v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 cao v\u1ebb \u0111\u1eb9p c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 \u00fd ngh\u0129a khoa h\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang. Khi ch\u00fang ta ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u v\u00e0 b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 Khu r\u1eebng h\u00f3a th\u1ea1ch, ch\u00fang ta s\u1ebd c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eefng hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft v\u00f4 gi\u00e1 v\u1ec1 qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh ti\u1ebfn h\u00f3a c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 s\u1ed1ng tr\u00ean Tr\u00e1i \u0111\u1ea5t v\u00e0 s\u1ee9c m\u1ea1nh b\u1ec1n b\u1ec9 c\u1ee7a thi\u00ean nhi\u00ean.<\/p>\n\n

<\/code><\/pre>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
Khu r\u1eebng h\u00f3a th\u1ea1ch: C\u1eeda s\u1ed5 nh\u00ecn v\u1ec1 qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9 Nh\u1eefng kh\u00fac g\u1ed7 Sherman: Di s\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 t\u00f2 m\u00f2 N\u1eb1m ngay t\u1ea1i trung t\u00e2m B\u1ea3o t\u00e0ng L\u1ecbch s\u1eed T\u1ef1…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":6,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[212],"tags":[137,2432,207,239,141,99,17762,924,17761],"class_list":["post-13173","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-earth-science","tag-paleontology","tag-prehistoric-life","tag-geology","tag-fossils","tag-natural-history","tag-lifescienceart","tag-sherman-logs","tag-nature-photography","tag-petrified-forest"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/13173","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/6"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=13173"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/13173\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":13174,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/13173\/revisions\/13174"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=13173"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=13173"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=13173"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}