{"id":13179,"date":"2024-05-29T12:10:04","date_gmt":"2024-05-29T12:10:04","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/?p=13179"},"modified":"2024-05-29T12:10:04","modified_gmt":"2024-05-29T12:10:04","slug":"raymond-loewy-industrial-designer-mid-century-america","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/art\/design\/raymond-loewy-industrial-designer-mid-century-america\/","title":{"rendered":"Raymond Loewy: Nh\u00e0 thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u00ecnh n\u01b0\u1edbc M\u1ef9 gi\u1eefa th\u1ebf k\u1ef7"},"content":{"rendered":"<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Raymond Loewy: Nh\u00e0 thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u00ecnh n\u01b0\u1edbc M\u1ef9 gi\u1eefa th\u1ebf k\u1ef7<\/h2>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng th\u1eddi th\u01a1 \u1ea5u<\/h2>\n\n<p>Raymond Loewy sinh n\u0103m 1893 t\u1ea1i Paris, h\u1ecdc ng\u00e0nh k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c qu\u00e2n \u0111\u1ed9i Ph\u00e1p tuy\u1ec3n d\u1ee5ng trong Th\u1ebf chi\u1ebfn th\u1ee9 nh\u1ea5t. Nh\u1eefng tr\u1ea3i nghi\u1ec7m \u1edf tuy\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0 ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac v\u1edbi c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 m\u1edbi nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u00e3 kh\u01a1i d\u1eady ni\u1ec1m \u0111am m\u00ea thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf trong \u00f4ng.<\/p>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ebfn M\u1ef9 v\u00e0 b\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1ed9t ph\u00e1<\/h2>\n\n<p>Sau chi\u1ebfn tranh, Loewy di c\u01b0 \u0111\u1ebfn th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 New York, n\u01a1i \u00f4ng ban \u0111\u1ea7u l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t h\u1ecda s\u0129 minh h\u1ecda th\u1eddi trang. Tuy nhi\u00ean, \u00f4ng nhanh ch\u00f3ng nh\u1eadn ra ti\u1ec1m n\u0103ng c\u1ee7a thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p trong vi\u1ec7c bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i c\u00e1c s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m c\u1ee7a M\u1ef9. B\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1ed9t ph\u00e1 c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng \u0111\u1ebfn v\u00e0o n\u0103m 1929 khi \u00f4ng \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n h\u00f3a m\u00e1y sao ch\u00e9p Gestetner, t\u1ea1o ra m\u1ed9t thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf tr\u1ef1c quan h\u1ea5p d\u1eabn v\u00e0 ti\u1ec7n d\u1ee5ng.<\/p>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">C\u00e1c nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc c\u1ee7a &#8220;Cleanlining&#8221;<\/h2>\n\n<p>Loewy \u0111\u00e3 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n m\u1ed9t tri\u1ebft l\u00fd thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf m\u00e0 \u00f4ng g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 &#8220;cleanlining&#8221;, nh\u1ea5n m\u1ea1nh v\u00e0o vi\u1ec7c thu g\u1ecdn s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m v\u1ec1 h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n, lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf c\u00e1c chi ti\u1ebft kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft. Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p n\u00e0y nh\u1eb1m t\u1ea1o ra c\u00e1c s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m v\u1eeba \u0111\u1eb9p v\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t th\u1ea9m m\u1ef9 v\u1eeba th\u00e2n thi\u1ec7n v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng.<\/p>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u1ea2nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn v\u0103n h\u00f3a ti\u00eau d\u00f9ng<\/h2>\n\n<p>C\u00e1c thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf c\u1ee7a Loewy \u0111\u00f3ng m\u1ed9t vai tr\u00f2 quan tr\u1ecdng trong vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u00ecnh v\u0103n h\u00f3a ti\u00eau d\u00f9ng c\u1ee7a gi\u1eefa th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 20. \u00d4ng thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf l\u1ea1i m\u1ecdi th\u1ee9, t\u1eeb t\u1ee7 l\u1ea1nh \u0111\u1ebfn \u00f4 t\u00f4 v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea7u m\u00e1y xe l\u1eeda, mang \u0111\u1ebfn phong c\u00e1ch v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i cho c\u00e1c v\u1eadt d\u1ee5ng h\u00e0ng ng\u00e0y. Nh\u1eefng thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf mang t\u00ednh bi\u1ec3u t\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng cho \u00f4 t\u00f4 Studebaker \u0111\u00e3 gi\u00fap c\u00f4ng ty c\u1ea1nh tranh v\u1edbi c\u00e1c h\u00e3ng s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t \u00f4 t\u00f4 l\u1edbn h\u01a1n nh\u01b0 GM v\u00e0 Ford.<\/p>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">S\u1ee9c m\u1ea1nh c\u1ee7a Th\u01b0\u01a1ng hi\u1ec7u<\/h2>\n\n<p>Loewy hi\u1ec3u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ea7m quan tr\u1ecdng c\u1ee7a th\u01b0\u01a1ng hi\u1ec7u v\u00e0 t\u1ef1 qu\u1ea3ng b\u00e1. \u00d4ng x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh c\u00f4ng ch\u00fang nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t nh\u00e0 thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf quy\u1ebfn r\u0169 v\u00e0 tinh t\u1ebf, s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n truy\u1ec1n th\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1edbi thi\u1ec7u t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh v\u00e0 kh\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ecbnh m\u00ecnh l\u00e0 chuy\u00ean gia trong l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p.<\/p>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Di s\u1ea3n v\u00e0 t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng<\/h2>\n\n<p>\u1ea2nh h\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a Loewy kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n \u1edf c\u00e1c thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf c\u1ee7a ri\u00eang \u00f4ng. \u00d4ng \u0111\u00e3 gi\u00fap \u0111\u01b0a thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t ngh\u1ec1 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c k\u00ednh tr\u1ecdng v\u00e0 m\u1edf \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng cho c\u00e1c th\u1ebf h\u1ec7 nh\u00e0 thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai. Di s\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c truy\u1ec1n c\u1ea3m h\u1ee9ng cho c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf ng\u00e0y nay, nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi lu\u00f4n ph\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ea5u \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o ra c\u00e1c s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m v\u1eeba ti\u1ec7n d\u1ee5ng v\u1eeba \u0111\u1eb9p v\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t th\u1ea9m m\u1ef9.<\/p>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Nh\u1eefng v\u00ed d\u1ee5 v\u1ec1 thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf mang t\u00ednh bi\u1ec3u t\u01b0\u1ee3ng<\/h2>\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>T\u1ee7 l\u1ea1nh Sears Coldspot (1934):<\/strong> M\u1ed9t t\u1ee7 l\u1ea1nh m\u00e0u tr\u1eafng c\u00f3 ki\u1ec3u d\u00e1ng \u0111\u1eb9p m\u1eaft \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh bi\u1ec3u t\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf nh\u00e0 b\u1ebfp hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i.<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u0110\u1ea7u m\u00e1y xe l\u1eeda GG-1 c\u1ee7a Pennsylvania Railroad (1934):<\/strong> M\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ea7u m\u00e1y xe l\u1eeda \u0111i\u1ec7n thanh l\u1ecbch v\u00e0 m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd v\u1edbi h\u00ecnh d\u00e1ng gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t vi\u00ean \u0111\u1ea1n \u0111ang lao nhanh.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Studebaker Commander (1947):<\/strong> M\u1ed9t chi\u1ebfc xe h\u01a1i c\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn v\u1edbi th\u00e2n xe th\u1ed1ng nh\u1ea5t v\u00e0 l\u1edbp ph\u1ee7 b\u00f3ng b\u1ea9y, l\u1ea5y c\u1ea3m h\u1ee9ng t\u1eeb m\u00e1y bay chi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ea5u.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Studebaker Starliner Coupe (1953):<\/strong> M\u1ed9t chi\u1ebfc xe h\u01a1i mang t\u00ednh c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng v\u1edbi ki\u1ec3u d\u00e1ng th\u1ea5p, \u00edt cr\u00f4m v\u00e0 l\u01b0\u1edbi t\u1ea3n nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Xe h\u01a1i th\u1ec3 thao Avanti (1963):<\/strong> M\u1ed9t chi\u1ebfc xe h\u01a1i th\u1ec3 thao v\u1edbi th\u00e2n xe b\u1eb1ng s\u1ee3i th\u1ee7y tinh, ch\u1eafn b\u00f9n s\u1eafc n\u00e9t v\u00e0 c\u00e1c t\u00ednh n\u0103ng an to\u00e0n nh\u01b0 thanh ch\u1ed1ng l\u1eadt v\u00e0 phanh \u0111\u0129a.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Khoa h\u1ecdc v\u1ec1 th\u01b0\u01a1ng hi\u1ec7u<\/h2>\n\n<p>C\u00e1ch ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn c\u1ee7a Loewy \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi vi\u1ec7c t\u1ef1 qu\u1ea3ng b\u00e1 \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1eb7t n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng cho khoa h\u1ecdc v\u1ec1 th\u01b0\u01a1ng hi\u1ec7u hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i. \u00d4ng \u0111\u00e3 d\u1ea1y c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf c\u00e1ch t\u1ea1o ra c\u00e1c logo v\u00e0 nh\u1eadn d\u1ea1ng h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh \u0111\u00e1ng nh\u1edb, \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n truy\u1ec1n th\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ec3 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng danh ti\u1ebfng c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd. Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn n\u00e0y v\u1eabn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1c doanh nghi\u1ec7p s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng cho \u0111\u1ebfn ng\u00e0y nay \u0111\u1ec3 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng th\u01b0\u01a1ng hi\u1ec7u v\u00e0 k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi ti\u00eau d\u00f9ng.<\/p>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">K\u1ebft lu\u1eadn<\/h2>\n\n<p>Di s\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a Raymond Loewy v\u1edbi t\u01b0 c\u00e1ch l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t nh\u00e0 thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 ph\u1ee7 nh\u1eadn. C\u00e1c nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc v\u1ec1 cleanlining, \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi v\u0103n h\u00f3a ti\u00eau d\u00f9ng v\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng ti\u00ean phong th\u01b0\u01a1ng hi\u1ec7u c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng \u0111\u00e3 t\u1ea1o ra t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u00e2u d\u00e0i \u0111\u1ebfn th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf. C\u00e1c thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c truy\u1ec1n c\u1ea3m h\u1ee9ng v\u00e0 \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf ng\u00e0y nay, cho th\u1ea5y s\u1ee9c m\u1ea1nh c\u1ee7a thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf trong vi\u1ec7c bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u00ecnh th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Raymond Loewy: Nh\u00e0 thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u00ecnh n\u01b0\u1edbc M\u1ef9 gi\u1eefa th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 Cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng th\u1eddi th\u01a1 \u1ea5u Raymond Loewy sinh n\u0103m 1893 t\u1ea1i Paris,&hellip;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":23526,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1060],"tags":[9983,1128,2403,4622,16404],"class_list":["post-13179","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-design","tag-mid-century-modern","tag-branding","tag-industrial-design","tag-product-design","tag-design-thinking"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/13179","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=13179"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/13179\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":13180,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/13179\/revisions\/13180"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/23526"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=13179"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=13179"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=13179"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}