{"id":13193,"date":"2024-06-23T13:41:33","date_gmt":"2024-06-23T13:41:33","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/?p=13193"},"modified":"2024-06-23T13:41:33","modified_gmt":"2024-06-23T13:41:33","slug":"polynesians-americas-chicken-bones","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/science\/archaeology\/polynesians-americas-chicken-bones\/","title":{"rendered":"Polynesians Reached the Americas Before Columbus: Evidence from Chicken Bones"},"content":{"rendered":"

Ng\u01b0\u1eddi Polynesia: Nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 ra “Th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi m\u1edbi”?<\/h2>\n\n

B\u1eb1ng ch\u1ee9ng t\u1eeb x\u01b0\u01a1ng g\u00e0<\/h2>\n\n

Trong nhi\u1ec1u th\u1eadp k\u1ef7, c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc \u0111\u00e3 \u0111au \u0111\u1ea7u v\u1ec1 ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c c\u1ee7a lo\u00e0i g\u00e0 \u1edf ch\u00e2u M\u1ef9. Gi\u1edd \u0111\u00e2y, m\u1ed9t nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u mang t\u00ednh \u0111\u1ed9t ph\u00e1 \u0111\u00e3 xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n, l\u00e0m s\u00e1ng t\u1ecf b\u00ed \u1ea9n l\u1ecbch s\u1eed n\u00e0y. M\u1ed9t ph\u00e2n t\u00edch t\u1ec9 m\u1ec9 v\u1ec1 x\u01b0\u01a1ng g\u00e0 c\u1ed5 \u0111\u1ea1i \u0111\u00e3 ti\u1ebft l\u1ed9 r\u1eb1ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi Polynesia, nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111i bi\u1ec3n l\u00e0nh ngh\u1ec1 t\u1eeb Nam Th\u00e1i B\u00ecnh D\u01b0\u01a1ng, \u0111\u00e3 mang nh\u1eefng lo\u00e0i gia c\u1ea7m kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ecba n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ebfn ch\u00e2u M\u1ef9 h\u01a1n m\u1ed9t th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 tr\u01b0\u1edbc chuy\u1ebfn h\u1ea3i tr\u00ecnh n\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng c\u1ee7a Christopher Columbus.<\/p>\n\n

Kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 kh\u1ea3o c\u1ed5 h\u1ecdc \u1edf Chile<\/h2>\n\n

Kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n b\u1edfi m\u1ed9t nh\u00f3m c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u \u0111\u1ebfn t\u1eeb mi\u1ec1n nam Chile, h\u1ee3p t\u00e1c v\u1edbi c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc t\u1eeb \u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc Auckland \u1edf New Zealand. T\u1ea1i m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ecba \u0111i\u1ec3m kh\u1ea3o c\u1ed5 \u1edf Chile, h\u1ecd \u0111\u00e3 khai qu\u1eadt \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u01b0\u01a1ng g\u00e0 v\u00e0 ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh ki\u1ec3m tra nghi\u00eam ng\u1eb7t b\u1eb1ng c\u1ea3 ph\u00e2n t\u00edch DNA v\u00e0 k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh ni\u00ean \u0111\u1ea1i cacbon.<\/p>\n\n

Nh\u1eefng chi\u1ebfc x\u01b0\u01a1ng n\u00e0y c\u00f3 ni\u00ean \u0111\u1ea1i \u0111\u00e1ng ch\u00fa \u00fd, v\u00e0o kho\u1ea3ng n\u0103m 1350 sau C\u00f4ng nguy\u00ean. Quan tr\u1ecdng h\u01a1n, ph\u00e2n t\u00edch DNA cho th\u1ea5y s\u1ef1 tr\u00f9ng kh\u1edbp ho\u00e0n h\u1ea3o v\u1edbi x\u01b0\u01a1ng g\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00ecm th\u1ea5y \u1edf Samoa, Tonga v\u00e0 \u0110\u1ea3o Ph\u1ee5c sinh c\u00f9ng th\u1eddi k\u1ef3. B\u1eb1ng ch\u1ee9ng thuy\u1ebft ph\u1ee5c n\u00e0y cho th\u1ea5y ng\u01b0\u1eddi Polynesia \u0111\u00e3 v\u1eadn chuy\u1ec3n g\u00e0 qua kho\u1ea3ng c\u00e1ch r\u1ed9ng l\u1edbn c\u1ee7a Th\u00e1i B\u00ecnh D\u01b0\u01a1ng, thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp s\u1ef1 hi\u1ec7n di\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd \u1edf ch\u00e2u M\u1ef9 t\u1eeb r\u1ea5t l\u00e2u tr\u01b0\u1edbc nh\u1eefng nh\u00e0 th\u00e1m hi\u1ec3m ch\u00e2u \u00c2u.<\/p>\n\n

X\u00e1c nh\u1eadn s\u1ef1 hi\u1ec7n di\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi Polynesia<\/h2>\n\n

Kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 n\u00e0y x\u00e1c nh\u1eadn ni\u1ec1m tin l\u00e2u \u0111\u1eddi c\u1ee7a nhi\u1ec1u nh\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc r\u1eb1ng “Th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi m\u1edbi” kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u00e2u \u00c2u kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1. S\u1ef1 hi\u1ec7n di\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng m\u1ea3nh v\u1ee1 \u0111\u1ed3 g\u1ed1m Trung Qu\u1ed1c trong c\u00e1c cu\u1ed9c khai qu\u1eadt kh\u1ea3o c\u1ed5 h\u1ecdc tr\u01b0\u1edbc th\u1eddi Columbus \u0111\u00e3 \u00e1m ch\u1ec9 nh\u1eefng chuy\u1ebfn h\u1ea3i tr\u00ecnh xuy\u00ean \u0111\u1ea1i d\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00f3. S\u1ef1 hi\u1ec7n di\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi Polynesia \u1edf Nam M\u1ef9, b\u1eb1ng ch\u1ee9ng l\u00e0 x\u01b0\u01a1ng g\u00e0, c\u00e0ng c\u1ee7ng c\u1ed1 th\u00eam cho l\u00fd thuy\u1ebft n\u00e0y.<\/p>\n\n

Kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng \u0111i bi\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi Polynesia<\/h2>\n\n

Chuy\u1ebfn h\u1ea3i tr\u00ecnh t\u1eeb Nam Th\u00e1i B\u00ecnh D\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ebfn Nam M\u1ef9, v\u1edbi kho\u1ea3ng c\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng ngh\u00ecn d\u1eb7m, h\u1eb3n l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t h\u00e0nh tr\u00ecnh gian nan. Tuy nhi\u00ean, ng\u01b0\u1eddi Polynesia, n\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng v\u1edbi k\u1ef9 n\u0103ng \u0111i bi\u1ec3n \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh, \u0111\u00e3 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n chuy\u1ebfn \u0111i \u0111\u1ea7y hi\u1ec3m nguy n\u00e0y ch\u1ec9 trong kho\u1ea3ng hai tu\u1ea7n\u2014b\u1eb1ng m\u1ed9t n\u1eeda th\u1eddi gian Columbus \u0111\u1ebfn ch\u00e2u M\u1ef9.<\/p>\n\n

\u00dd ngh\u0129a l\u1ecbch s\u1eed<\/h2>\n\n

Vi\u1ec7c ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n ra x\u01b0\u01a1ng g\u00e0 c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi Polynesia \u1edf Nam M\u1ef9 c\u00f3 \u00fd ngh\u0129a s\u00e2u s\u1eafc \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta v\u1ec1 l\u1ecbch s\u1eed. N\u00f3 th\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng cho r\u1eb1ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u00e2u \u00c2u l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean \u0111\u1ebfn “Th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi m\u1edbi” v\u00e0 nh\u1ea5n m\u1ea1nh nh\u1eefng th\u00e0nh t\u1ef1u \u0111\u00e1ng kinh ng\u1ea1c c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng nh\u00e0 th\u00e1m hi\u1ec3m Polynesia. N\u00f3 c\u0169ng \u0111\u1eb7t ra nh\u1eefng c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi th\u00fa v\u1ecb v\u1ec1 ph\u1ea1m vi \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi Polynesia \u1edf ch\u00e2u M\u1ef9 v\u00e0 ti\u1ec1m n\u0103ng cho nh\u1eefng kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 xa h\u01a1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m s\u00e1ng t\u1ecf giai \u0111o\u1ea1n h\u1ea5p d\u1eabn n\u00e0y trong l\u1ecbch s\u1eed lo\u00e0i ng\u01b0\u1eddi.<\/p>\n\n

B\u1eb1ng ch\u1ee9ng kh\u1ea3o c\u1ed5 h\u1ecdc<\/h2>\n\n

B\u1eb1ng ch\u1ee9ng kh\u1ea3o c\u1ed5 h\u1ecdc ch\u1ee9ng minh s\u1ef1 hi\u1ec7n di\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi Polynesia \u1edf Nam M\u1ef9 r\u1ea5t thuy\u1ebft ph\u1ee5c. X\u01b0\u01a1ng g\u00e0, v\u1edbi \u0111\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m DNA \u0111\u1ed9c \u0111\u00e1o kh\u1edbp v\u1edbi g\u00e0 Polynesia, cung c\u1ea5p b\u1eb1ng ch\u1ee9ng kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 ch\u1ed1i c\u00e3i v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd. Ngo\u00e0i ra, vi\u1ec7c ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n ra c\u00e1c m\u1ea3nh v\u1ee1 \u0111\u1ed3 g\u1ed1m Trung Qu\u1ed1c trong c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecba \u0111i\u1ec3m tr\u01b0\u1edbc th\u1eddi Columbus cho th\u1ea5y r\u1eb1ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi Polynesia c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u00e3 thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp c\u00e1c m\u1ea1ng l\u01b0\u1edbi bu\u00f4n b\u00e1n v\u1edbi c\u00e1c n\u1ec1n v\u0103n h\u00f3a kh\u00e1c tr\u00ean kh\u1eafp Th\u00e1i B\u00ecnh D\u01b0\u01a1ng.<\/p>\n\n

Nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u \u0111ang di\u1ec5n ra<\/h2>\n\n

Vi\u1ec7c ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n ra x\u01b0\u01a1ng g\u00e0 c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi Polynesia \u1edf Nam M\u1ef9 ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t m\u1ea3nh gh\u00e9p trong b\u1ee9c tranh to\u00e0n c\u1ea3nh nh\u1eb1m hi\u1ec3u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ecbch s\u1eed ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p v\u1ec1 qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh di c\u01b0 v\u00e0 kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 c\u1ee7a lo\u00e0i ng\u01b0\u1eddi. C\u00e1c nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u \u0111ang di\u1ec5n ra ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 nh\u1eefng b\u1eb1ng ch\u1ee9ng m\u1edbi, l\u00e0m s\u00e1ng t\u1ecf th\u00eam m\u1ed1i li\u00ean h\u1ec7 h\u1ea5p d\u1eabn gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c n\u1ec1n v\u0103n h\u00f3a v\u00e0 l\u1ee5c \u0111\u1ecba kh\u00e1c nhau. Khi c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc \u0111i s\u00e2u h\u01a1n v\u00e0o h\u1ed3 s\u01a1 kh\u1ea3o c\u1ed5 h\u1ecdc, ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 mong \u0111\u1ee3i \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ef1 hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft to\u00e0n di\u1ec7n h\u01a1n v\u1ec1 m\u1ed1i li\u00ean k\u1ebft c\u1ee7a th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi ch\u00fang ta trong su\u1ed1t chi\u1ec1u d\u00e0i l\u1ecbch s\u1eed.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Ng\u01b0\u1eddi Polynesia: Nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 ra “Th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi m\u1edbi”? B\u1eb1ng ch\u1ee9ng t\u1eeb x\u01b0\u01a1ng g\u00e0 Trong nhi\u1ec1u th\u1eadp k\u1ef7, c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc \u0111\u00e3 \u0111au \u0111\u1ea7u v\u1ec1 ngu\u1ed3n…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":6,"featured_media":23702,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[191],"tags":[3184,17783,5984,17782,17785,564,88,27,17781,17784],"class_list":["post-13193","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-archaeology","tag-dna","tag-americas","tag-carbon-dating","tag-chicken","tag-seafaring","tag-exploration","tag-archaeology","tag-history","tag-polynesian","tag-pre-columbian"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/13193","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/6"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=13193"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/13193\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":13194,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/13193\/revisions\/13194"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/23702"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=13193"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=13193"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=13193"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}