{"id":13231,"date":"2021-04-26T21:40:01","date_gmt":"2021-04-26T21:40:01","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/?p=13231"},"modified":"2021-04-26T21:40:01","modified_gmt":"2021-04-26T21:40:01","slug":"brightest-supernova-observed-pushes-limits-physics","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/science\/astronomy\/brightest-supernova-observed-pushes-limits-physics\/","title":{"rendered":"Si\u00eau t\u00e2n tinh s\u00e1ng nh\u1ea5t t\u1eebng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c quan s\u00e1t: \u0110\u1ea9y l\u00f9i gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n c\u1ee7a v\u1eadt l\u00fd"},"content":{"rendered":"

Si\u00eau t\u00e2n tinh s\u00e1ng nh\u1ea5t t\u1eebng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c quan s\u00e1t: \u0110\u1ea9y l\u00f9i gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n c\u1ee7a v\u1eadt l\u00fd<\/h2>\n\n

Ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n ra m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n thi\u00ean th\u1ec3 phi th\u01b0\u1eddng<\/h2>\n\n

Trong kh\u00f4ng gian v\u0169 tr\u1ee5 bao la, c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 thi\u00ean v\u0103n h\u1ecdc \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ee9ng ki\u1ebfn m\u1ed9t m\u00e0n tr\u00ecnh di\u1ec5n v\u0169 tr\u1ee5 ch\u01b0a t\u1eebng c\u00f3: si\u00eau t\u00e2n tinh s\u00e1ng nh\u1ea5t t\u1eebng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c quan s\u00e1t. V\u1ee5 n\u1ed5 tr\u00ean tr\u1eddi n\u00e0y, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1eb7t t\u00ean l\u00e0 ASASSN-15lh, s\u00e1ng h\u01a1n M\u1eb7t tr\u1eddi c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta t\u1edbi 570 t\u1ef7 l\u1ea7n, th\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c nh\u1eefng gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n v\u1ec1 nh\u1eefng g\u00ec c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc tin l\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 x\u1ea3y ra \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng v\u1ee5 b\u00f9ng n\u1ed5 sao m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd n\u00e0y.<\/p>\n\n

\u0110\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t ng\u1ecdn h\u1ea3i \u0111\u0103ng si\u00eau s\u00e1ng<\/h2>\n\n

ASASSN-15lh thu\u1ed9c v\u1ec1 m\u1ed9t l\u1edbp si\u00eau t\u00e2n tinh si\u00eau s\u00e1ng hi\u1ebfm, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ebfn v\u1edbi \u0111\u1ed9 s\u00e1ng c\u1ef1c \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang. Tuy nhi\u00ean, si\u00eau t\u00e2n tinh c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 n\u00e0y n\u1ed5i b\u1eadt l\u00e0 si\u00eau t\u00e2n tinh s\u00e1ng nh\u1ea5t t\u1eebng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n, v\u01b0\u1ee3t qua m\u1ecdi k\u1ef7 l\u1ee5c tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00f3. \u0110\u1ed9 s\u00e1ng c\u1ef1c \u0111\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 m\u1ea1nh \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ee9c n\u1ebfu n\u00f3 \u1edf g\u1ea7n nh\u01b0 sao Thi\u00ean Lang, ng\u00f4i sao s\u00e1ng nh\u1ea5t tr\u00ean b\u1ea7u tr\u1eddi \u0111\u00eam c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta, th\u00ec n\u00f3 s\u1ebd s\u00e1ng h\u01a1n c\u1ea3 M\u1eb7t tr\u1eddi tr\u00ean cao.<\/p>\n\n

Ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c xa x\u00f4i v\u00e0 b\u00ed \u1ea9n<\/h2>\n\n

Si\u00eau t\u00e2n tinh si\u00eau s\u00e1ng n\u00e0y n\u1eb1m trong m\u1ed9t thi\u00ean h\u00e0 c\u00e1ch ch\u00fang ta kho\u1ea3ng 3,8 t\u1ef7 n\u0103m \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng. M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 \u1edf kho\u1ea3ng c\u00e1ch r\u1ea5t xa, nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u1ed9 s\u00e1ng phi th\u01b0\u1eddng c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 \u0111\u00e3 cho ph\u00e9p c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 thi\u00ean v\u0103n h\u1ecdc quan s\u00e1t n\u00f3 v\u1edbi \u0111\u1ed9 chi ti\u1ebft ch\u01b0a t\u1eebng c\u00f3. Tuy nhi\u00ean, b\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c c\u1ee7a ng\u00f4i sao ti\u1ec1n th\u00e2n t\u1ea1o ra v\u1ee5 n\u1ed5 kh\u1ed5ng l\u1ed3 n\u00e0y v\u1eabn c\u00f2n l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t b\u00ed \u1ea9n.<\/p>\n\n

Nh\u1eefng l\u1eddi gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u00f3 v\u1ec1 v\u1ee5 n\u1ed5<\/h2>\n\n

C\u00e1c nh\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0a ra hai l\u1eddi gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u00f3 v\u1ec1 ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c c\u1ee7a ASASSN-15lh. M\u1ed9t l\u00fd thuy\u1ebft cho r\u1eb1ng n\u00f3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c k\u00edch ho\u1ea1t b\u1edfi s\u1ef1 s\u1ee5p \u0111\u1ed5 c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t ng\u00f4i sao kh\u1ed5ng l\u1ed3, l\u1edbn h\u01a1n M\u1eb7t tr\u1eddi c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta h\u00e0ng tr\u0103m l\u1ea7n. Nh\u1eefng ng\u00f4i sao nh\u01b0 v\u1eady c\u1ef1c k\u1ef3 hi\u1ebfm v\u00e0 \u00edt \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft.<\/p>\n\n

Ngo\u00e0i ra, v\u1ee5 n\u1ed5 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 b\u1eaft ngu\u1ed3n t\u1eeb m\u1ed9t sao t\u1eeb, m\u1ed9t ng\u00f4i sao neutron quay nhanh v\u1edbi t\u1eeb tr\u01b0\u1eddng c\u1ef1c m\u1ea1nh. N\u1ebfu gi\u1ea3 thuy\u1ebft n\u00e0y l\u00e0 \u0111\u00fang, th\u00ec sao t\u1eeb ph\u1ea3i quay v\u1edbi t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 kinh ng\u1ea1c, ho\u00e0n th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t v\u00f2ng quay m\u1ed7i mili gi\u00e2y, m\u1ed9t k\u1ef3 t\u00edch m\u00e0 h\u1ea7u h\u1ebft c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 l\u00fd thuy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ec1u tin l\u00e0 h\u1ea7u nh\u01b0 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 x\u1ea3y ra.<\/p>\n\n

C\u00e1c cu\u1ed9c \u0111i\u1ec1u tra \u0111ang di\u1ec5n ra v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng trong t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai<\/h2>\n\n

C\u00e1c nh\u00e0 thi\u00ean v\u0103n h\u1ecdc v\u1eabn \u0111ang ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u ASASSN-15lh v\u1edbi hy v\u1ecdng l\u00e0m s\u00e1ng t\u1ecf b\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 c\u1ee7a n\u00f3. B\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch ph\u00e2n t\u00edch quang ph\u1ed5 c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 v\u00e0 c\u00e1c d\u1eef li\u1ec7u quan s\u00e1t kh\u00e1c, h\u1ecd mu\u1ed1n x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00e1c nguy\u00ean t\u1ed1 h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc c\u00f3 m\u1eb7t v\u00e0 hi\u1ec3u s\u00e2u h\u01a1n v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh c\u1ee7a n\u00f3.<\/p>\n\n

Vi\u1ec7c hi\u1ec3u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c c\u1ee7a si\u00eau t\u00e2n tinh si\u00eau s\u00e1ng n\u00e0y c\u00f3 \u00fd ngh\u0129a s\u00e2u s\u1eafc \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta v\u1ec1 qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh ti\u1ebfn h\u00f3a sao v\u00e0 c\u00e1c gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c v\u1ee5 n\u1ed5 si\u00eau t\u00e2n tinh. N\u00f3 th\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c c\u00e1c l\u00fd thuy\u1ebft hi\u1ec7n c\u00f3 v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea9y l\u00f9i ranh gi\u1edbi hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta v\u1ec1 v\u0169 tr\u1ee5.<\/p>\n\n

Quan s\u00e1t nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u v\u00f4 h\u00ecnh: \u0110\u1ed9 d\u1ecbch chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ecf v\u00e0 quang ph\u1ed5 h\u1ecdc<\/h2>\n\n

M\u1ed9t kh\u00eda c\u1ea1nh quan tr\u1ecdng c\u1ee7a vi\u1ec7c nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u c\u00e1c si\u00eau t\u00e2n tinh xa l\u00e0 hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng d\u1ecbch chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ecf. Khi \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng di chuy\u1ec3n t\u1eeb c\u00e1c thi\u00ean h\u00e0 xa \u0111\u1ebfn Tr\u00e1i \u0111\u1ea5t, b\u01b0\u1edbc s\u00f3ng c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 b\u1ecb k\u00e9o gi\u00e3n do s\u1ef1 gi\u00e3n n\u1edf c\u1ee7a v\u0169 tr\u1ee5. S\u1ef1 k\u00e9o gi\u00e3n n\u00e0y khi\u1ebfn \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng c\u00f3 m\u00e0u \u0111\u1ecf h\u01a1n, do \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 thu\u1eadt ng\u1eef “d\u1ecbch chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ecf”.<\/p>\n\n

Quang ph\u1ed5 h\u1ecdc, ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p ph\u00e2n t\u00edch b\u01b0\u1edbc s\u00f3ng c\u1ee7a \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng, \u0111\u00f3ng m\u1ed9t vai tr\u00f2 quan tr\u1ecdng trong vi\u1ec7c gi\u1ea3i m\u00e3 th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c si\u00eau t\u00e2n tinh. B\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch ki\u1ec3m tra c\u00e1c v\u1ea1ch quang ph\u1ed5 \u0111\u1ed9c \u0111\u00e1o \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e1t ra b\u1edfi c\u00e1c nguy\u00ean t\u1ed1 kh\u00e1c nhau, c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 thi\u00ean v\u0103n h\u1ecdc c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u1ea5u t\u1ea1o h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a ng\u00f4i sao ti\u1ec1n th\u00e2n v\u00e0 hi\u1ec3u s\u00e2u h\u01a1n v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh x\u1ea3y ra trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh n\u1ed5.<\/p>\n\n

C\u00e1c si\u00eau t\u00e2n tinh c\u1ef1c \u0111\u1ed9: M\u1ed9t c\u00e1nh c\u1eeda s\u1ed5 v\u00e0o nh\u1eefng b\u00ed \u1ea9n c\u1ee7a v\u0169 tr\u1ee5<\/h2>\n\n

ASASSN-15lh kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 si\u00eau t\u00e2n tinh si\u00eau s\u00e1ng \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n. Trong nh\u1eefng n\u0103m g\u1ea7n \u0111\u00e2y, c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 thi\u00ean v\u0103n h\u1ecdc \u0111\u00e3 quan s\u00e1t th\u1ea5y m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 \u00edt nh\u1eefng s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n phi th\u01b0\u1eddng n\u00e0y, m\u1ed7i s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ea9y l\u00f9i ranh gi\u1edbi hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta. B\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u nh\u1eefng si\u00eau t\u00e2n tinh c\u1ef1c \u0111\u1ed9 n\u00e0y, c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc hy v\u1ecdng s\u1ebd hi\u1ec3u s\u00e2u h\u01a1n v\u1ec1 nh\u1eefng v\u1ee5 n\u1ed5 v\u0169 tr\u1ee5 m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd nh\u1ea5t v\u00e0 qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh ti\u1ebfn h\u00f3a c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng ng\u00f4i sao kh\u1ed5ng l\u1ed3.<\/p>\n\n

S\u1ee9c h\u1ea5p d\u1eabn c\u1ee7a thi\u00ean v\u0103n h\u1ecdc: \u0110\u1ea9y l\u00f9i ranh gi\u1edbi c\u1ee7a ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c<\/h2>\n\n

Nh\u1eefng kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 nh\u01b0 ASASSN-15lh nh\u1eafc nh\u1edf ch\u00fang ta v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 h\u1ea5p d\u1eabn v\u00e0 kinh ng\u1ea1c v\u00f4 h\u1ea1n c\u1ee7a thi\u00ean v\u0103n h\u1ecdc. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c kh\u00f4ng ng\u1eebng th\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c c\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea9y l\u00f9i ranh gi\u1edbi hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta v\u1ec1 v\u0169 tr\u1ee5. B\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u nh\u1eefng hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng tr\u00ean tr\u1eddi n\u00e0y, ch\u00fang ta kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng s\u1ef1 hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh v\u1ec1 v\u0169 tr\u1ee5 m\u00e0 c\u00f2n truy\u1ec1n c\u1ea3m h\u1ee9ng cho c\u00e1c th\u1ebf h\u1ec7 nh\u00e0 th\u00e1m hi\u1ec3m v\u00e0 nh\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Si\u00eau t\u00e2n tinh s\u00e1ng nh\u1ea5t t\u1eebng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c quan s\u00e1t: \u0110\u1ea9y l\u00f9i gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n c\u1ee7a v\u1eadt l\u00fd Ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n ra m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n thi\u00ean th\u1ec3 phi th\u01b0\u1eddng Trong kh\u00f4ng gian v\u0169…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":6,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[437],"tags":[434,16348,435,217,436,697],"class_list":["post-13231","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-astronomy","tag-space-exploration","tag-supernova","tag-astronomy","tag-physics","tag-astrophysics","tag-cosmology"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/13231","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/6"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=13231"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/13231\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":13232,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/13231\/revisions\/13232"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=13231"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=13231"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=13231"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}