{"id":13241,"date":"2024-09-12T06:50:15","date_gmt":"2024-09-12T06:50:15","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/?p=13241"},"modified":"2024-09-12T06:50:15","modified_gmt":"2024-09-12T06:50:15","slug":"evolution-in-the-worlds-deepest-river","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/science\/natural-history\/evolution-in-the-worlds-deepest-river\/","title":{"rendered":"Ti\u1ebfn h\u00f3a trong d\u00f2ng s\u00f4ng s\u00e2u nh\u1ea5t th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi: Kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 \u0111\u1ed9 s\u00e2u c\u1ee7a S\u00f4ng Congo"},"content":{"rendered":"

Ti\u1ebfn h\u00f3a \u1edf d\u00f2ng s\u00f4ng s\u00e2u nh\u1ea5t th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi<\/h2>\n\n

L\u1eadp b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ed3 \u0111\u1ed9 s\u00e2u c\u1ee7a Congo<\/h2>\n\n

C\u00e1c nh\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc \u0111ang s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 ti\u00ean ti\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ec3 l\u1eadp b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ed3 d\u00f2ng ch\u1ea3y v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9 s\u00e2u c\u1ee7a s\u00f4ng Congo, d\u00f2ng s\u00f4ng s\u00e2u nh\u1ea5t th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi. Nh\u00e0 th\u1ee7y v\u0103n h\u1ecdc Ned Gardiner v\u00e0 nh\u00e0 ng\u01b0 h\u1ecdc Melanie Stiassny ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ea1o chuy\u1ebfn th\u00e1m hi\u1ec3m, v\u1edbi hy v\u1ecdng c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00f4ng tin chuy\u00ean s\u00e2u v\u1ec1 c\u00e1ch m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ed9c \u0111\u00e1o c\u1ee7a d\u00f2ng s\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u00ecnh n\u00ean qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh ti\u1ebfn h\u00f3a c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c c\u01b0 d\u00e2n \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y.<\/p>\n\n

T\u00ednh \u0111\u1eb7c h\u1eefu v\u00e0 r\u00e0o c\u1ea3n ti\u1ebfn h\u00f3a<\/h2>\n\n

S\u00f4ng Congo l\u00e0 n\u01a1i sinh s\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a nhi\u1ec1u lo\u00e0i c\u00e1 \u0111a d\u1ea1ng phi th\u01b0\u1eddng, trong \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 h\u01a1n 300 lo\u00e0i kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 t\u00ecm th\u1ea5y \u1edf b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 n\u01a1i n\u00e0o kh\u00e1c tr\u00ean th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi. Stiassny tin r\u1eb1ng d\u00f2ng ch\u1ea3y m\u1ea1nh v\u00e0 c\u00e1c h\u1ebbm n\u00fai s\u00e2u c\u1ee7a d\u00f2ng s\u00f4ng \u0111\u00f3ng vai tr\u00f2 nh\u01b0 nh\u1eefng r\u00e0o c\u1ea3n ti\u1ebfn h\u00f3a, c\u00f4 l\u1eadp c\u00e1c qu\u1ea7n th\u1ec3 v\u00e0 th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y s\u1ef1 xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c lo\u00e0i m\u1edbi.<\/p>\n\n

Tr\u00f4i d\u1ea1t di truy\u1ec1n v\u00e0 th\u00edch nghi<\/h2>\n\n

Stiassny v\u00e0 c\u00e1c c\u1ed9ng s\u1ef1 c\u1ee7a c\u00f4 \u0111\u00e3 quan s\u00e1t th\u1ea5y s\u1ef1 kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t v\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t di truy\u1ec1n gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c qu\u1ea7n th\u1ec3 c\u00e1 b\u1ecb d\u00f2ng ch\u1ea3y m\u1ea1nh ng\u0103n c\u00e1ch, th\u1eadm ch\u00ed trong c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng s\u00f4ng. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y cho th\u1ea5y n\u01b0\u1edbc c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t r\u00e0o c\u1ea3n hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi d\u00f2ng gen, cho ph\u00e9p c\u00e1c qu\u1ea7n th\u1ec3 th\u00edch nghi v\u1edbi m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng s\u1ed1ng c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang theo th\u1eddi gian.<\/p>\n\n

Th\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc ng\u1ea7m Congo<\/h2>\n\n

Nh\u00f3m c\u1ee7a Gardiner \u0111\u00e3 ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n ra m\u1ed9t th\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc ng\u1ea7m \u1edf s\u00f4ng Congo, n\u01a1i d\u00f2ng n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1ed5 th\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ee9ng xu\u1ed1ng m\u1ed9t h\u1ebbm n\u00fai s\u00e2u. Th\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc n\u00e0y t\u1ea1o ra m\u1ed9t \u0432\u043e\u0434\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0442 \u1edf ph\u00eda th\u01b0\u1ee3ng ngu\u1ed3n, cung c\u1ea5p m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng s\u1ed1ng ti\u1ec1m n\u0103ng cho lo\u00e0i c\u00e1 ho\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ebf m\u00f9, lo\u00e0i \u0111\u00e3 ti\u1ebfn h\u00f3a \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i trong b\u00f3ng t\u1ed1i \u1edf \u0111\u1ed9 s\u00e2u c\u1ee7a d\u00f2ng s\u00f4ng.<\/p>\n\n

S\u1ef1 th\u00edch nghi c\u1ee7a lo\u00e0i c\u00e1 v\u1edbi \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a d\u00f2ng s\u00f4ng<\/h2>\n\n

Nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u c\u1ee7a Stiassny \u0111\u00e3 ti\u1ebft l\u1ed9 nh\u1eefng s\u1ef1 th\u00edch nghi \u0111\u00e1ng ch\u00fa \u00fd \u1edf lo\u00e0i c\u00e1 \u1edf s\u00f4ng Congo. C\u00e1 voi c\u00f3 m\u00f5m d\u00e0i, h\u00ecnh tr\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ec3 d\u00f2 th\u1ee9c \u0103n \u1edf l\u1edbp s\u1ecfi s\u00e2u, trong khi c\u00e1c lo\u00e0i kh\u00e1c c\u00f3 m\u00f5m ng\u1eafn, d\u00e0y \u0111\u1ec3 \u0103n rong r\u00eau b\u00e1m tr\u00ean \u0111\u00e1. Nh\u1eefng s\u1ef1 th\u00edch nghi n\u00e0y ch\u1ee9ng minh s\u1ee9c m\u1ea1nh c\u1ee7a qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh ch\u1ecdn l\u1ecdc t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean trong vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u00ecnh c\u00e1c \u0111\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c lo\u00e0i sinh v\u1eadt cho ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang.<\/p>\n\n

\u00dd ngh\u0129a \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00f4ng t\u00e1c b\u1ea3o t\u1ed3n<\/h2>\n\n

H\u1ec7 sinh th\u00e1i \u0111\u1ed9c \u0111\u00e1o v\u00e0 m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 \u0111\u1eb7c h\u1eefu cao c\u1ee7a s\u00f4ng Congo khi\u1ebfn n\u01a1i \u0111\u00e2y tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh \u01b0u ti\u00ean cho c\u00e1c n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c b\u1ea3o t\u1ed3n. Vi\u1ec7c hi\u1ec3u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1c qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh ti\u1ebfn h\u00f3a \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u00ecnh n\u00ean s\u1ef1 \u0111a d\u1ea1ng sinh h\u1ecdc n\u00e0y l\u00e0 r\u1ea5t quan tr\u1ecdng \u0111\u1ec3 b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 s\u1ef1 c\u00e2n b\u1eb1ng mong manh c\u1ee7a d\u00f2ng s\u00f4ng v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o s\u1ef1 t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c lo\u00e0i c\u00e1 \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t c\u1ee7a n\u01a1i \u0111\u00e2y.<\/p>\n\n

Kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 v\u00e0 t\u00ecm t\u00f2i<\/h2>\n\n

Chuy\u1ebfn th\u00e1m hi\u1ec3m ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 s\u00f4ng Congo, thu th\u1eadp m\u1eabu v\u1eadt v\u00e0 thu th\u1eadp d\u1eef li\u1ec7u \u0111\u1ec3 hi\u1ec3u s\u00e2u h\u01a1n v\u1ec1 h\u1ec7 sinh th\u00e1i h\u1ea5p d\u1eabn n\u00e0y. C\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh c\u1ee7a Stiassny v\u00e0 Gardiner \u0111ang l\u00e0m s\u00e1ng t\u1ecf nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ed9 s\u00e2u \u1ea9n gi\u1ea5u c\u1ee7a d\u00f2ng s\u00f4ng s\u00e2u nh\u1ea5t th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi v\u00e0 h\u00e9 l\u1ed9 nh\u1eefng l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng ti\u1ebfn h\u00f3a \u0111\u00e1ng ch\u00fa \u00fd \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u00ecnh n\u00ean c\u00e1c c\u01b0 d\u00e2n \u0111a d\u1ea1ng c\u1ee7a n\u01a1i \u0111\u00e2y.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Ti\u1ebfn h\u00f3a \u1edf d\u00f2ng s\u00f4ng s\u00e2u nh\u1ea5t th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi L\u1eadp b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ed3 \u0111\u1ed9 s\u00e2u c\u1ee7a Congo C\u00e1c nh\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc \u0111ang s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 ti\u00ean ti\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ec3 l\u1eadp b\u1ea3n…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":24313,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[244],"tags":[1920,17845,395,17846,17847,136],"class_list":["post-13241","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-natural-history","tag-fish","tag-congo-river","tag-biodiversity","tag-hydrology","tag-ichthyology","tag-evolution"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/13241","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=13241"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/13241\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":24314,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/13241\/revisions\/24314"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/24313"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=13241"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=13241"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=13241"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}