{"id":13263,"date":"2020-06-24T19:36:49","date_gmt":"2020-06-24T19:36:49","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/?p=13263"},"modified":"2020-06-24T19:36:49","modified_gmt":"2020-06-24T19:36:49","slug":"titanic-disaster-optical-illusions-miscommunication","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/science\/maritime-science\/titanic-disaster-optical-illusions-miscommunication\/","title":{"rendered":"Th\u1ea3m h\u1ecda Titanic: \u1ea2o \u1ea3nh quang h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 hi\u1ec3u l\u1ea7m"},"content":{"rendered":"

Th\u1ea3m h\u1ecda Titanic: Tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p c\u1ee7a \u1ea3o \u1ea3nh quang h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 hi\u1ec3u l\u1ea7m<\/h2>\n\n

\u1ea2o \u1ea3nh quang h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 v\u1ee5 \u0111\u1eafm t\u00e0u Titanic<\/h2>\n\n

V\u00e0o \u0111\u00eam \u0111\u1ecbnh m\u1ec7nh ng\u00e0y 14 th\u00e1ng 4 n\u0103m 1912, RMS Titanic \u0111\u00e2m v\u00e0o m\u1ed9t t\u1ea3ng b\u0103ng tr\u00f4i \u1edf B\u1eafc \u0110\u1ea1i T\u00e2y D\u01b0\u01a1ng, khi\u1ebfn h\u01a1n 1.500 ng\u01b0\u1eddi thi\u1ec7t m\u1ea1ng. M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 nhi\u1ec1u y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 \u0111\u00e3 g\u00f3p ph\u1ea7n v\u00e0o th\u1ea3m k\u1ecbch n\u00e0y, nh\u01b0ng c\u00e1c nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u g\u1ea7n \u0111\u00e2y ch\u1ec9 ra r\u1eb1ng \u1ea3o \u1ea3nh quang h\u1ecdc \u0111\u00f3ng m\u1ed9t vai tr\u00f2 quan tr\u1ecdng.<\/p>\n\n

Vai tr\u00f2 c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 kh\u00fac x\u1ea1 \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng<\/h2>\n\n

S\u1ef1 kh\u00fac x\u1ea1 \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 b\u1ebb cong c\u1ee7a \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng khi n\u00f3 \u0111i t\u1eeb m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng n\u00e0y sang m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng kh\u00e1c. Trong tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p c\u1ee7a Titanic, nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 kh\u00e1c nhau c\u1ee7a kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed v\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00e3 t\u1ea1o ra s\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ea3o ng\u01b0\u1ee3c nhi\u1ec7t, khi\u1ebfn \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng kh\u00fac x\u1ea1 b\u1ea5t th\u01b0\u1eddng. Hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng n\u00e0y, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 kh\u00fac x\u1ea1 si\u00eau th\u01b0\u1eddng, \u0111\u00e3 t\u1ea1o ra \u1ea3o \u1ea3nh \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn t\u1ea7m nh\u00ecn c\u1ee7a t\u1ea3ng b\u0103ng tr\u00f4i.<\/p>\n\n

\u1ea2o \u1ea3nh tr\u00ean v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng t\u1ea3ng b\u0103ng ng\u1ee5y trang<\/h2>\n\n

\u1ea2o \u1ea3nh tr\u00ean x\u1ea3y ra khi \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng b\u1ecb kh\u00fac x\u1ea1 l\u00ean tr\u00ean, khi\u1ebfn c\u00e1c v\u1eadt th\u1ec3 c\u00f3 v\u1ebb cao h\u01a1n v\u00e0 g\u1ea7n h\u01a1n so v\u1edbi th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf. Trong tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p c\u1ee7a Titanic, \u1ea3o \u1ea3nh n\u00e0y khi\u1ebfn t\u1ea3ng b\u0103ng tr\u00f4i c\u00f3 v\u1ebb g\u1ea7n h\u01a1n v\u00e0 cao h\u01a1n, h\u00f2a v\u00e0o \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng ch\u00e2n tr\u1eddi v\u00e0 khi\u1ebfn nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi canh g\u00e1c kh\u00f3 ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n ra t\u1ea3ng b\u0103ng.<\/p>\n\n

Nh\u1eadn d\u1ea1ng nh\u1ea7m v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 c\u1ed1 li\u00ean l\u1ea1c<\/h2>\n\n

Californian, m\u1ed9t con t\u00e0u g\u1ea7n \u0111\u00f3, \u0111\u00e3 ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n ra Titanic nh\u01b0ng l\u1ea1i nh\u1ea7m \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t con t\u00e0u nh\u1ecf h\u01a1n do \u1ea3o \u1ea3nh quang h\u1ecdc. S\u1ef1 nh\u1eadn d\u1ea1ng nh\u1ea7m n\u00e0y d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 c\u1ed1 li\u00ean l\u1ea1c, v\u00ec thuy\u1ec1n tr\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a Californian cho r\u1eb1ng Titanic kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 radio.<\/p>\n\n

T\u00edn hi\u1ec7u c\u1ea7u c\u1ee9u b\u1ecb gi\u00e1n \u0111o\u1ea1n<\/h2>\n\n

Khi Titanic ch\u00ecm, n\u00f3 \u0111\u00e3 b\u1eafn ph\u00e1o s\u00e1ng c\u1ea7u c\u1ee9u, nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed ph\u00e2n t\u1ea7ng \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m bi\u1ebfn d\u1ea1ng v\u00e0 gi\u00e1n \u0111o\u1ea1n c\u00e1c t\u00edn hi\u1ec7u, khi\u1ebfn ch\u00fang c\u00f3 v\u1ebb th\u1ea5p h\u01a1n so v\u1edbi th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf. S\u1ef1 nh\u1ea7m l\u1eabn n\u00e0y khi\u1ebfn Californian ph\u1edbt l\u1edd c\u00e1c t\u00edn hi\u1ec7u c\u1ea7u c\u1ee9u, tin r\u1eb1ng Titanic kh\u00f4ng g\u1eb7p nguy hi\u1ec3m tr\u01b0\u1edbc m\u1eaft.<\/p>\n\n

T\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a \u1ea3o \u1ea3nh quang h\u1ecdc<\/h2>\n\n

\u1ea2o \u1ea3nh quang h\u1ecdc do kh\u00fac x\u1ea1 si\u00eau th\u01b0\u1eddng v\u00e0 \u1ea3o \u1ea3nh tr\u00ean g\u00e2y ra \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng s\u00e2u s\u1eafc \u0111\u1ebfn v\u1ee5 \u0111\u1eafm t\u00e0u Titanic. Ch\u00fang che khu\u1ea5t t\u1ea3ng b\u0103ng tr\u00f4i, c\u1ea3n tr\u1edf li\u00ean l\u1ea1c v\u00e0 l\u00e0m gi\u00e1n \u0111o\u1ea1n t\u00edn hi\u1ec7u c\u1ea7u c\u1ee9u, g\u00f3p ph\u1ea7n v\u00e0o m\u1ea5t m\u00e1t th\u1ea3m kh\u1ed1c v\u1ec1 ng\u01b0\u1eddi.<\/p>\n\n

B\u00e0i h\u1ecdc r\u00fat ra<\/h2>\n\n

Th\u1ea3m h\u1ecda Titanic l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n c\u1ea3nh b\u00e1o v\u1ec1 nh\u1eefng m\u1ed1i nguy hi\u1ec3m c\u1ee7a \u1ea3o \u1ea3nh quang h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 hi\u1ec3u l\u1ea7m tr\u00ean bi\u1ec3n. N\u00f3 nh\u1ea5n m\u1ea1nh t\u1ea7m quan tr\u1ecdng c\u1ee7a vi\u1ec7c \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u01b0\u1edbng ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c, giao ti\u1ebfp hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 v\u00e0 c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng ti\u1ec1m t\u00e0ng c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng quang h\u1ecdc \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi an to\u00e0n h\u00e0ng h\u1ea3i.<\/p>\n\n

C\u00e1c y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 kh\u00e1c g\u00f3p ph\u1ea7n v\u00e0o th\u1ea3m h\u1ecda Titanic<\/h2>\n\n

M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 \u1ea3o \u1ea3nh quang h\u1ecdc \u0111\u00f3ng m\u1ed9t vai tr\u00f2 quan tr\u1ecdng trong v\u1ee5 \u0111\u1eafm t\u00e0u Titanic, nh\u01b0ng c\u00e1c y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 kh\u00e1c c\u0169ng g\u00f3p ph\u1ea7n v\u00e0o th\u1ea3m k\u1ecbch n\u00e0y. Nh\u1eefng y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 n\u00e0y bao g\u1ed3m:<\/p>\n\n

T\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 v\u00e0 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng c\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed9ng k\u00e9m:<\/strong> Titanic \u0111ang ch\u1ea1y v\u1edbi t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 t\u1ed1i \u0111a v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng c\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u00e1nh t\u1ea3ng b\u0103ng tr\u00f4i.<\/p>\n\n

Thi\u1ebfu xu\u1ed3ng c\u1ee9u sinh:<\/strong> Titanic kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ee7 xu\u1ed3ng c\u1ee9u sinh \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ee9a t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 h\u00e0nh kh\u00e1ch v\u00e0 th\u1ee7y th\u1ee7 \u0111o\u00e0n.<\/p>\n\n

Quy \u0111\u1ecbnh an to\u00e0n kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7:<\/strong> C\u00e1c quy \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u1ec1 an to\u00e0n h\u00e0ng h\u1ea3i v\u00e0o th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m \u0111\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7, g\u00f3p ph\u1ea7n v\u00e0o s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng th\u01b0\u01a1ng vong cao.<\/p>\n\n

Sai l\u1ea7m c\u1ee7a th\u1ee7y th\u1ee7 \u0111o\u00e0n:<\/strong> Nh\u1eefng sai l\u1ea7m c\u1ee7a th\u1ee7y th\u1ee7 \u0111o\u00e0n, ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n nh\u01b0 kh\u00f4ng ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n ra t\u1ea3ng b\u0103ng tr\u00f4i s\u1edbm h\u01a1n v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng h\u1ea1 th\u1ee7y xu\u1ed3ng c\u1ee9u sinh k\u1ecbp th\u1eddi, c\u0169ng g\u00f3p ph\u1ea7n g\u00e2y ra th\u1ea3m h\u1ecda.<\/p>\n\n

K\u1ebft lu\u1eadn<\/h2>\n\n

V\u1ee5 \u0111\u1eafm t\u00e0u Titanic l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p v\u1edbi nhi\u1ec1u y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 g\u00f3p ph\u1ea7n g\u00e2y ra. \u1ea2o \u1ea3nh quang h\u1ecdc, hi\u1ec3u l\u1ea7m v\u00e0 c\u00e1c y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 kh\u00e1c k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p l\u1ea1i t\u1ea1o th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t c\u01a1n b\u00e3o ho\u00e0n h\u1ea3o d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn th\u1ea3m k\u1ecbch h\u00e0ng h\u1ea3i n\u00e0y. B\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch hi\u1ec3u vai tr\u00f2 c\u1ee7a \u1ea3o \u1ea3nh quang h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 h\u1ecdc h\u1ecfi t\u1eeb nh\u1eefng sai l\u1ea7m trong qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9, ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n an to\u00e0n h\u00e0ng h\u1ea3i v\u00e0 ng\u0103n ch\u1eb7n nh\u1eefng th\u1ea3m h\u1ecda t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 x\u1ea3y ra trong t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Th\u1ea3m h\u1ecda Titanic: Tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p c\u1ee7a \u1ea3o \u1ea3nh quang h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 hi\u1ec3u l\u1ea7m \u1ea2o \u1ea3nh quang h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 v\u1ee5 \u0111\u1eafm t\u00e0u Titanic V\u00e0o \u0111\u00eam \u0111\u1ecbnh m\u1ec7nh ng\u00e0y 14 th\u00e1ng…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":6,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[17879],"tags":[17877,4933,99,17878,8453],"class_list":["post-13263","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-maritime-science","tag-optical-illusions","tag-maritime-history","tag-lifescienceart","tag-miscommunication","tag-titanic"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/13263","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/6"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=13263"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/13263\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":13264,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/13263\/revisions\/13264"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=13263"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=13263"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=13263"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}