{"id":13319,"date":"2024-09-26T16:10:26","date_gmt":"2024-09-26T16:10:26","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/?p=13319"},"modified":"2024-09-26T16:10:26","modified_gmt":"2024-09-26T16:10:26","slug":"fire-ants-writhing-towers-engineering-marvels","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/science\/biology\/fire-ants-writhing-towers-engineering-marvels\/","title":{"rendered":"Th\u00e1p ki\u1ebfn l\u1eeda: Tinh th\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ed9i v\u00e0 k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng phi th\u01b0\u1eddng"},"content":{"rendered":"

C\u00e1ch ki\u1ebfn l\u1eeda x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng nh\u1eefng t\u00f2a th\u00e1p ngo\u1eb1n ngo\u00e8o \u0111\u00e1ng kinh ng\u1ea1c<\/h2>\n\n

H\u00e9 l\u1ed9 b\u00ed m\u1eadt c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng t\u00f2a th\u00e1p ki\u1ebfn l\u1eeda<\/h2>\n\n

Ki\u1ebfn l\u1eeda, n\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng v\u1edbi kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ph\u1ee5c h\u1ed3i v\u00e0 th\u00edch nghi, s\u1edf h\u1eefu kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng phi th\u01b0\u1eddng trong vi\u1ec7c x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng nh\u1eefng t\u00f2a th\u00e1p ngo\u1eb1n ngo\u00e8o \u0111\u00f3ng vai tr\u00f2 nh\u01b0 n\u01a1i tr\u00fa \u1ea9n t\u1ea1m th\u1eddi. Nh\u1eefng t\u00f2a th\u00e1p n\u00e0y, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 cao t\u1edbi h\u01a1n 30 con ki\u1ebfn, l\u00e0 k\u1ef3 c\u00f4ng v\u1ec1 k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt khi\u1ebfn c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc b\u1ed1i r\u1ed1i trong nhi\u1ec1u th\u1eadp k\u1ef7.<\/p>\n\n

Ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n t\u00ecnh c\u1edd: Chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed9ng li\u00ean t\u1ee5c c\u1ee7a t\u00f2a th\u00e1p<\/h2>\n\n

M\u1ed9t nh\u00f3m c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u t\u1ea1i Georgia Tech \u0111\u00e3 t\u00ecnh c\u1edd c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 \u0111\u00e1ng kinh ng\u1ea1c khi nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u ki\u1ebfn l\u1eeda x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng m\u1ed9t t\u00f2a th\u00e1p. Ban \u0111\u1ea7u ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ecbnh ghi l\u1ea1i hai gi\u1edd c\u1ee7a qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh n\u00e0y, m\u00e1y quay c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd \u0111\u00e3 v\u00f4 t\u00ecnh ghi l\u1ea1i ba gi\u1edd c\u1ea3nh quay.<\/p>\n\n

Khi xem l\u1ea1i \u0111o\u1ea1n phim, h\u1ecd nh\u1eadn th\u1ea5y m\u1ed9t hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng b\u1ea5t ng\u1edd: t\u00f2a th\u00e1p li\u00ean t\u1ee5c chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed9ng, m\u1eb7c d\u00f9 r\u1ea5t ch\u1eadm. C\u1ed9t ki\u1ebfn t\u1eeb t\u1eeb ch\u00ecm xu\u1ed1ng, gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 b\u01a1 \u0111ang tan ch\u1ea3y.<\/p>\n\n

Ch\u1ee5p X-quang: L\u00e0m s\u00e1ng t\u1ecf \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a t\u00f2a th\u00e1p<\/h2>\n\n

\u0110\u1ec3 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u s\u00e2u h\u01a1n v\u1ec1 \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a t\u00f2a th\u00e1p, c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u \u0111\u00e3 cho m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 con ki\u1ebfn u\u1ed1ng n\u01b0\u1edbc c\u00f3 pha i\u1ed1t ph\u00f3ng x\u1ea1. S\u1eed d\u1ee5ng ch\u1ee5p X-quang, h\u1ecd x\u00e1c nh\u1eadn r\u1eb1ng nh\u1eefng con ki\u1ebfn \u1edf b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i t\u00f2a th\u00e1p \u0111ang tr\u00e8o xung quanh, trong khi kh\u1ed1i h\u00ecnh th\u00e1p Eiffel th\u00ec t\u1eeb t\u1eeb ch\u00ecm xu\u1ed1ng.<\/p>\n\n

Quy t\u1eafc h\u00e0nh vi: B\u1ed9 quy t\u1eafc x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng c\u1ee7a ki\u1ebfn<\/h2>\n\n

Kh\u00f4ng gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 con ng\u01b0\u1eddi, ki\u1ebfn l\u1eeda kh\u00f4ng d\u1ef1a v\u00e0o c\u00e1c k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p ho\u1eb7c s\u1ef1 l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ec3 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng c\u00e1c t\u00f2a th\u00e1p c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang. Thay v\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3, ch\u00fang tu\u00e2n theo m\u1ed9t b\u1ed9 c\u00e1c quy t\u1eafc h\u00e0nh vi \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n, t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 nh\u01b0 nh\u1eefng quy t\u1eafc m\u00e0 ch\u00fang s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng b\u00e8.<\/p>\n\n

M\u1ed7i con ki\u1ebfn b\u00f2 d\u1ecdc theo c\u01a1 th\u1ec3 c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng con ki\u1ebfn kh\u00e1c cho \u0111\u1ebfn khi t\u00ecm th\u1ea5y m\u1ed9t v\u1ecb tr\u00ed tr\u1ed1ng, sau \u0111\u00f3 t\u1ef1 g\u1eafn m\u00ecnh v\u00e0o t\u00f2a th\u00e1p. V\u00ec t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c con ki\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ec1u tu\u00e2n theo c\u00e1c quy t\u1eafc n\u00e0y, n\u00ean ch\u00fang c\u00f9ng nhau h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh n\u00ean t\u00f2a th\u00e1p, v\u1edbi ph\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ebf d\u00e0y v\u00e0 d\u1ea7n thu h\u1eb9p v\u1ec1 ph\u00eda \u0111\u1ec9nh.<\/p>\n\n

C\u1ea5u tr\u00fac ch\u00ecm: S\u1ef1 c\u00e2n b\u1eb1ng \u0111\u1ed9ng<\/h2>\n\n

T\u00f2a th\u00e1p b\u1ecb ch\u00ecm xu\u1ed1ng v\u00ec nh\u1eefng con ki\u1ebfn \u1edf ph\u00eda d\u01b0\u1edbi cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ecbu n\u1ed5i s\u1ee9c n\u1eb7ng c\u1ee7a c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh. Ch\u00fang t\u1eeb b\u1ecf v\u1ecb tr\u00ed c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh, tr\u00e8o l\u00ean hai b\u00ean v\u00e0 t\u00ecm m\u1ed9t v\u1ecb tr\u00ed m\u1edbi \u1edf ph\u00eda tr\u00ean. Qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh n\u00e0y li\u00ean t\u1ee5c l\u1eb7p l\u1ea1i, x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng l\u1ea1i t\u00f2a th\u00e1p t\u1eeb d\u01b0\u1edbi l\u00ean tr\u00ean.<\/p>\n\n

“Ph\u1ea7n c\u00f2n l\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a t\u00f2a th\u00e1p \u0111ang d\u1ea7n ch\u00ecm xu\u1ed1ng, trong khi nh\u1eefng con ki\u1ebfn \u1edf tr\u00ean \u0111\u1ec9nh v\u1eabn ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng n\u00f3 ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng cao h\u01a1n”, nh\u00e0 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u Craig Tovey cho bi\u1ebft. “\u0110i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 kh\u00e1 bu\u1ed3n c\u01b0\u1eddi.”<\/p>\n\n

Ch\u1ecbu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tr\u1ecdng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng: Ki\u1ebfn nh\u01b0 c\u00e1c gi\u00e1 \u0111\u1ee1 k\u1ebft c\u1ea5u<\/h2>\n\n

Trong m\u1ed9t th\u00ed nghi\u1ec7m kh\u00e1c, c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1eb7t nh\u1eefng t\u1ea5m nh\u1ef1a trong su\u1ed1t l\u00ean ki\u1ebfn. H\u1ecd ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n ra r\u1eb1ng ki\u1ebfn c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ch\u1ecbu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tr\u1ecdng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng g\u1ea5p kho\u1ea3ng 750 l\u1ea7n tr\u1ecdng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u01a1 th\u1ec3 c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang. Tuy nhi\u00ean, trong th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf, ki\u1ebfn th\u00edch ch\u1ec9 ch\u1ecbu tr\u1ecdng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a ba con ki\u1ebfn kh\u00e1c. N\u1ebfu tr\u1ecdng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u01b0\u1ee3t qu\u00e1 ng\u01b0\u1ee1ng n\u00e0y, ch\u00fang s\u1ebd t\u1eeb b\u1ecf v\u1ecb tr\u00ed c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh trong t\u00f2a th\u00e1p.<\/p>\n\n

C\u1ea7u ki\u1ebfn: B\u1eaft tay nhau v\u01b0\u1ee3t qua v\u1ef1c th\u1eb3m<\/h2>\n\n

Ki\u1ebfn l\u1eeda c\u0169ng th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n tinh th\u1ea7n l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c nh\u00f3m \u0111\u00e1ng kinh ng\u1ea1c khi x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng nh\u1eefng c\u00e2y c\u1ea7u \u0111\u1ec3 v\u01b0\u1ee3t qua v\u1ef1c th\u1eb3m. Nh\u1eefng c\u00e2y c\u1ea7u n\u00e0y cho ph\u00e9p ch\u00fang v\u01b0\u1ee3t qua ch\u01b0\u1edbng ng\u1ea1i v\u1eadt v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eefng v\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ea5t m\u1edbi.<\/p>\n\n

\u00dd ngh\u0129a \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi r\u00f4 b\u1ed1t m\u00f4-\u0111un<\/h2>\n\n

C\u00e1c nh\u00e0 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u tin r\u1eb1ng vi\u1ec7c nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u h\u00e0nh vi c\u1ee7a ki\u1ebfn l\u1eeda c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 cung c\u1ea5p nh\u1eefng hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft c\u00f3 gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb \u0111\u1ec3 thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf r\u00f4 b\u1ed1t m\u00f4-\u0111un. Nh\u1eefng r\u00f4 b\u1ed1t n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c quy t\u1eafc h\u00e0nh vi \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u1ed1i h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi nhau, th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n c\u00e1c nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 nh\u01b0 di chuy\u1ec3n qua nh\u1eefng kh\u00f4ng gian ch\u1eadt h\u1eb9p trong c\u00e1c t\u00f2a nh\u00e0 b\u1ecb s\u1eadp trong c\u00e1c nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 t\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm v\u00e0 c\u1ee9u h\u1ed9.<\/p>\n\n

Gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 ki\u1ebfn, ch\u00fang c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u1eafp r\u00e1p l\u1ea1i v\u1edbi nhau \u0111\u1ec3 v\u01b0\u1ee3t qua kho\u1ea3ng tr\u1ed1ng ho\u1eb7c t\u1ea1o th\u00e0nh c\u00e1c t\u00f2a th\u00e1p \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u00e8o l\u00ean c\u00e1c ch\u01b0\u1edbng ng\u1ea1i v\u1eadt. B\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch khai th\u00e1c c\u00e1c nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc v\u1ec1 h\u00e0nh vi c\u1ee7a ki\u1ebfn l\u1eeda, r\u00f4 b\u1ed1t m\u00f4-\u0111un c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 tr\u1edf n\u00ean linh ho\u1ea1t v\u00e0 hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 h\u01a1n trong nhi\u1ec1u \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng kh\u00e1c nhau.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

C\u00e1ch ki\u1ebfn l\u1eeda x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng nh\u1eefng t\u00f2a th\u00e1p ngo\u1eb1n ngo\u00e8o \u0111\u00e1ng kinh ng\u1ea1c H\u00e9 l\u1ed9 b\u00ed m\u1eadt c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng t\u00f2a th\u00e1p ki\u1ebfn l\u1eeda Ki\u1ebfn l\u1eeda, n\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng v\u1edbi kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":24447,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[288],"tags":[309,17963,82,17965,83,17964],"class_list":["post-13319","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-biology","tag-animal-behavior","tag-fire-ants","tag-engineering","tag-modular-robots","tag-biomimicry","tag-writhing-towers"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/13319","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=13319"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/13319\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":24448,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/13319\/revisions\/24448"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/24447"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=13319"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=13319"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=13319"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}