{"id":13406,"date":"2024-07-19T12:01:54","date_gmt":"2024-07-19T12:01:54","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/?p=13406"},"modified":"2024-07-19T12:01:54","modified_gmt":"2024-07-19T12:01:54","slug":"origins-of-domesticated-animals","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/science\/zoology\/origins-of-domesticated-animals\/","title":{"rendered":"Ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u1eadt thu\u1ea7n h\u00f3a: Cu\u1ed9c h\u00e0nh tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u00e1ng kinh ng\u1ea1c qua h\u00e0ng thi\u00ean ni\u00ean k\u1ef7"},"content":{"rendered":"

Ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u1eadt thu\u1ea7n h\u00f3a<\/h2>\n\n

Ch\u00f3: Ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ea1n t\u1ed1t nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi<\/h2>\n\n

Ch\u00f3, c\u00f3 ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c t\u1eeb s\u00f3i x\u00e1m, \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ea1n \u0111\u1ed3ng h\u00e0nh trung th\u00e0nh c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta trong h\u00e0ng ngh\u00ecn n\u0103m. C\u00e1c h\u00f3a th\u1ea1ch ch\u00f3 l\u00e2u \u0111\u1eddi nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00f3 ni\u00ean \u0111\u1ea1i h\u01a1n 31.000 n\u0103m, nh\u01b0ng c\u00e1c b\u1eb1ng ch\u1ee9ng di truy\u1ec1n cho th\u1ea5y r\u1eb1ng nh\u1eefng con ch\u00f3 hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i c\u00f3 ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c t\u1eeb Trung \u0110\u00f4ng. Trong khi c\u00e1c gi\u1ed1ng ch\u00f3 c\u1ed5 \u0111\u1ea1i nh\u01b0 ch\u00f3 s\u0103n Afghan v\u00e0 Shar Pei \u0111\u00e3 t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i h\u00e0ng thi\u00ean ni\u00ean k\u1ef7, th\u00ec h\u1ea7u h\u1ebft c\u00e1c gi\u1ed1ng ch\u00f3 hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ec1u xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n v\u00e0o th\u1eddi Victoria.<\/p>\n\n

D\u00ea: T\u1eeb n\u00fai cao \u0111\u1ebfn trang tr\u1ea1i<\/h2>\n\n

D\u00ea c\u00f3 di s\u1ea3n di truy\u1ec1n \u0111a d\u1ea1ng, v\u1edbi s\u00e1u d\u00f2ng m\u1eb9. Tuy nhi\u00ean, h\u1ea7u h\u1ebft nh\u1eefng con d\u00ea thu\u1ea7n h\u00f3a ng\u00e0y nay \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c t\u1eeb hai s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n thu\u1ea7n h\u00f3a: m\u1ed9t \u1edf \u0111\u00f4ng nam Th\u1ed5 Nh\u0129 K\u1ef3 v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t \u1edf d\u00e3y n\u00fai Zagros. C\u00e1c nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u di truy\u1ec1n ch\u1ec9 ra r\u1eb1ng h\u1ea7u nh\u01b0 t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng con d\u00ea hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c t\u1eeb Th\u1ed5 Nh\u0129 K\u1ef3.<\/p>\n\n

C\u1eebu: M\u00f3n \u0103n ch\u1ee7 l\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a n\u1ec1n v\u0103n minh<\/h2>\n\n

C\u1eebu, c\u00f9ng v\u1edbi d\u00ea, l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng lo\u00e0i \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u1eadt \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thu\u1ea7n h\u00f3a \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean, c\u00f3 ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c t\u1eeb 11.000 n\u0103m tr\u01b0\u1edbc. Ban \u0111\u1ea7u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nu\u00f4i \u0111\u1ec3 l\u1ea5y th\u1ecbt, sau n\u00e0y ch\u00fang tr\u1edf n\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u01b0a chu\u1ed9ng v\u00ec len c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang. B\u1eb1ng ch\u1ee9ng kh\u1ea3o c\u1ed5 h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 di truy\u1ec1n ch\u1ec9 ra r\u1eb1ng L\u01b0\u1ee1i li\u1ec1m m\u00e0u m\u1ee1 l\u00e0 n\u01a1i sinh c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang, nh\u01b0ng nhi\u1ec1u d\u00f2ng di truy\u1ec1n cho th\u1ea5y vi\u1ec7c thu\u1ea7n h\u00f3a \u0111\u00e3 x\u1ea3y ra nhi\u1ec1u l\u1ea7n t\u1eeb nh\u1eefng t\u1ed5 ti\u00ean c\u1eebu hoang kh\u00e1c nhau.<\/p>\n\n

B\u00f2: Ngu\u1ed3n cung c\u1ea5p l\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ef1c<\/h2>\n\n

Gia s\u00fac thu\u1ea7n h\u00f3a c\u00f3 hai gi\u1ed1ng ch\u00ednh: b\u00f2 t\u00f3t v\u00e0 b\u00f2 zebu. B\u00f2 t\u00f3t, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00ecm th\u1ea5y \u1edf nh\u1eefng v\u00f9ng kh\u00ed h\u1eadu l\u1ea1nh h\u01a1n, c\u00f3 ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c t\u1eeb L\u01b0\u1ee1i li\u1ec1m m\u00e0u m\u1ee1. C\u00e1c nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u cho th\u1ea5y r\u1eb1ng qu\u1ea7n th\u1ec3 ban \u0111\u1ea7u ch\u1ec9 bao g\u1ed3m 80 con b\u00f2 c\u00e1i. B\u00f2 zebu, v\u1edbi \u0111\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m n\u1ed5i b\u1eadt l\u00e0 c\u00f3 b\u01b0\u1edbu, c\u00f3 ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c t\u1eeb Thung l\u0169ng Indus \u1edf \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9.<\/p>\n\n

L\u1ee3n: M\u00f3n \u0103n to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u<\/h2>\n\n

L\u1ee3n \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thu\u1ea7n h\u00f3a nhi\u1ec1u l\u1ea7n \u1edf nhi\u1ec1u khu v\u1ef1c kh\u00e1c nhau. B\u1eb1ng ch\u1ee9ng s\u1edbm nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ebfn t\u1eeb S\u00edp, n\u01a1i l\u1ee3n r\u1eebng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c du nh\u1eadp v\u00e0o h\u01a1n 12.000 n\u0103m tr\u01b0\u1edbc. Nh\u1eefng con l\u1ee3n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thu\u1ea7n h\u00f3a ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n \u0111\u00e3 xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n \u1edf L\u01b0\u1ee1i li\u1ec1m m\u00e0u m\u1ee1 c\u00e1ch \u0111\u00e2y 9.000 n\u0103m. B\u1eb1ng ch\u1ee9ng di truy\u1ec1n ch\u1ec9 ra c\u00e1c s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n thu\u1ea7n h\u00f3a ri\u00eang bi\u1ec7t \u1edf \u0110\u00f4ng \u00c1, \u0110\u00f4ng Nam \u00c1, \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9 v\u00e0 Ch\u00e2u \u00c2u.<\/p>\n\n

Ng\u1ef1a: T\u1eeb th\u1ea3o nguy\u00ean \u0111\u1ebfn y\u00ean ng\u1ef1a<\/h2>\n\n

Ng\u1ef1a l\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thu\u1ea7n h\u00f3a \u1edf th\u1ea3o nguy\u00ean T\u00e2y \u00c2u \u00c1. B\u1eb1ng ch\u1ee9ng h\u00f3a th\u1ea1ch t\u1eeb Kazakhstan, c\u00f3 ni\u00ean \u0111\u1ea1i t\u1eeb 3.500 tr\u01b0\u1edbc C\u00f4ng nguy\u00ean, cho th\u1ea5y d\u1ea5u v\u1ebft c\u1ee7a vi\u1ec7c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng d\u00e2y c\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u00e0 ti\u00eau th\u1ee5 s\u1eefa ng\u1ef1a. Ph\u00e2n t\u00edch h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc c\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t c\u00f2n l\u1ea1i tr\u00ean \u0111\u1ed3 g\u1ed1m x\u00e1c nh\u1eadn r\u1eb1ng n\u1ec1n v\u0103n h\u00f3a Botai ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c nhi\u1ec1u v\u00e0o ng\u1ef1a.<\/p>\n\n

L\u1eeba: Gi\u00fap \u0111\u1ee1 th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea1i v\u00e0 v\u1eadn chuy\u1ec3n<\/h2>\n\n

L\u1eeba c\u00f3 hai nh\u00f3m di truy\u1ec1n ri\u00eang bi\u1ec7t, ch\u1ec9 ra hai s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n thu\u1ea7n h\u00f3a ri\u00eang bi\u1ec7t \u1edf \u0110\u00f4ng B\u1eafc Phi v\u00e0o kho\u1ea3ng 5.000 n\u0103m tr\u01b0\u1edbc. Ph\u00e2n t\u00edch DNA \u0111\u00e3 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1eeba hoang Nubia l\u00e0 t\u1ed5 ti\u00ean c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t nh\u00f3m, nh\u01b0ng ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c c\u1ee7a nh\u00f3m c\u00f2n l\u1ea1i v\u1eabn ch\u01b0a \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bi\u1ebft.<\/p>\n\n

Vai tr\u00f2 c\u1ee7a Trung \u0110\u00f4ng v\u00e0 L\u01b0\u1ee1i li\u1ec1m m\u00e0u m\u1ee1<\/h2>\n\n

Trung \u0110\u00f4ng v\u00e0 L\u01b0\u1ee1i li\u1ec1m m\u00e0u m\u1ee1 \u0111\u00f3ng vai tr\u00f2 trung t\u00e2m trong vi\u1ec7c thu\u1ea7n h\u00f3a \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u1eadt. Khu v\u1ef1c n\u00e0y l\u00e0 n\u01a1i di\u1ec5n ra c\u00e1c s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n thu\u1ea7n h\u00f3a \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi ch\u00f3, d\u00ea v\u00e0 gia s\u00fac. M\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng m\u00e0u m\u1ee1 v\u00e0 g\u1ea7n v\u1edbi c\u00e1c khu \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u01b0 c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u1ea1o \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n thu\u1eadn l\u1ee3i cho s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 ch\u1eb7t ch\u1ebd gi\u1eefa con ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u1eadt.<\/p>\n\n

B\u1eb1ng ch\u1ee9ng di truy\u1ec1n: Gi\u1ea3i m\u00e3 qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9<\/h2>\n\n

C\u00e1c nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u di truy\u1ec1n \u0111\u00f3ng vai tr\u00f2 quan tr\u1ecdng trong vi\u1ec7c hi\u1ec3u qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh thu\u1ea7n h\u00f3a. B\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch ph\u00e2n t\u00edch DNA t\u1eeb \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u1eadt thu\u1ea7n h\u00f3a v\u00e0 t\u1ed5 ti\u00ean hoang d\u00e3 c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang, c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u \u0111\u00e3 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1c d\u00f2ng di truy\u1ec1n v\u00e0 truy<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u1eadt thu\u1ea7n h\u00f3a Ch\u00f3: Ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ea1n t\u1ed1t nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi Ch\u00f3, c\u00f3 ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c t\u1eeb s\u00f3i x\u00e1m, \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ea1n \u0111\u1ed3ng h\u00e0nh trung th\u00e0nh…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":6,"featured_media":23904,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[280],"tags":[3196,18073,5153,16203,188,27,18076,18075,18074,18072,136],"class_list":["post-13406","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-zoology","tag-dogs","tag-cows","tag-sheep","tag-goats","tag-genetics","tag-history","tag-donkeys","tag-horses","tag-pigs","tag-animal-domestication","tag-evolution"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/13406","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/6"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=13406"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/13406\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":13407,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/13406\/revisions\/13407"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/23904"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=13406"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=13406"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=13406"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}