{"id":13476,"date":"2024-11-17T11:47:36","date_gmt":"2024-11-17T11:47:36","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/?p=13476"},"modified":"2024-11-17T11:47:36","modified_gmt":"2024-11-17T11:47:36","slug":"mosquitoes-london-underground-evolutionary-tale","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/science\/biology\/mosquitoes-london-underground-evolutionary-tale\/","title":{"rendered":"Mu\u1ed7i trong t\u00e0u \u0111i\u1ec7n ng\u1ea7m London: M\u1ed9t c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n ti\u1ebfn h\u00f3a \u0111\u1ed9c \u0111\u00e1o"},"content":{"rendered":"

Mu\u1ed7i trong t\u00e0u \u0111i\u1ec7n ng\u1ea7m London: M\u1ed9t c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n ti\u1ebfn h\u00f3a \u0111\u1ed9c \u0111\u00e1o<\/h2>\n\n

T\u00e0u \u0111i\u1ec7n ng\u1ea7m London: Thi\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng c\u1ee7a mu\u1ed7i<\/h2>\n\n

H\u00e0ng n\u0103m, h\u01a1n 1,3 t\u1ef7 l\u01b0\u1ee3t h\u00e0nh kh\u00e1ch \u0111i qua t\u00e0u \u0111i\u1ec7n ng\u1ea7m London, h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng t\u00e0u \u0111i\u1ec7n ng\u1ea7m \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean tr\u00ean th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi. Nh\u01b0ng b\u00ean d\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u00e1m \u0111\u00f4ng nh\u1ed9n nh\u1ecbp l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi \u1ea9n gi\u1ea5u\u2014m\u1ed9t ph\u00e2n lo\u00e0i mu\u1ed7i \u0111\u00e3 ti\u1ebfn h\u00f3a \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n m\u1ea1nh trong m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ed9c \u0111\u00e1o c\u1ee7a t\u00e0u \u0111i\u1ec7n ng\u1ea7m.<\/p>\n\n

M\u1ed9t ph\u00e2n lo\u00e0i m\u1edbi xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n<\/h2>\n\n

Ph\u00e2n lo\u00e0i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1eb7t t\u00ean ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c l\u00e0 Culex pipiens molestus \u0111\u00e3 xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n trong su\u1ed1t 150 n\u0103m l\u1ecbch s\u1eed c\u1ee7a t\u00e0u \u0111i\u1ec7n ng\u1ea7m. L\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta ghi nh\u1eadn th\u1ea5y lo\u00e0i n\u00e0y l\u00e0 trong Th\u1ebf chi\u1ebfn th\u1ee9 II, khi nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u00ecm n\u01a1i tr\u00fa \u1ea9n trong c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 ga t\u00e0u \u0111i\u1ec7n ng\u1ea7m ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n ra r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u lo\u00e0i g\u00e2y h\u1ea1i, bao g\u1ed3m c\u1ea3 mu\u1ed7i c\u00f3 v\u1ebft \u0111\u1ed1t \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t kh\u00f3 ch\u1ecbu.<\/p>\n\n

\u0110i\u1ec1u tra b\u00ed \u1ea9n<\/h2>\n\n

N\u0103m 1999, nh\u00e0 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u ng\u01b0\u1eddi Anh Katharyne Byrne b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u m\u1ed9t cu\u1ed9c \u0111i\u1ec1u tra v\u1ec1 lo\u00e0i mu\u1ed7i trong t\u00e0u \u0111i\u1ec7n ng\u1ea7m. B\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch so s\u00e1nh ch\u00fang v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng con mu\u1ed7i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00ecm th\u1ea5y trong nh\u1eefng ng\u00f4i nh\u00e0 \u1edf London, b\u00e0 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh r\u1eb1ng ch\u00fang l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ph\u00e2n lo\u00e0i ri\u00eang bi\u1ec7t.<\/p>\n\n

C\u00e1ch ly sinh s\u1ea3n: Ch\u00eca kh\u00f3a c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh lo\u00e0i<\/h2>\n\n

Nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u c\u1ee7a Byrne ch\u1ec9 ra r\u1eb1ng lo\u00e0i mu\u1ed7i trong t\u00e0u \u0111i\u1ec7n ng\u1ea7m \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u201cc\u00e1ch ly sinh s\u1ea3n\u201d, c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 ch\u00fang kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 sinh s\u1ea3n v\u1edbi c\u00e1c lo\u00e0i mu\u1ed7i kh\u00e1c. S\u1ef1 c\u00f4 l\u1eadp n\u00e0y, k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ed9c \u0111\u00e1o c\u1ee7a t\u00e0u \u0111i\u1ec7n ng\u1ea7m, \u0111\u00e3 cho ph\u00e9p lo\u00e0i mu\u1ed7i ti\u1ebfn h\u00f3a th\u00e0nh ph\u00e2n lo\u00e0i ri\u00eang c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang.<\/p>\n\n

Qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh lo\u00e0i<\/h2>\n\n

S\u1ef1 ti\u1ebfn h\u00f3a nhanh ch\u00f3ng c\u1ee7a lo\u00e0i mu\u1ed7i trong t\u00e0u \u0111i\u1ec7n ng\u1ea7m minh h\u1ecda cho qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh lo\u00e0i, trong \u0111\u00f3 c\u00e1c lo\u00e0i \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u1eadt ti\u1ebfn h\u00f3a th\u00e0nh c\u00e1c lo\u00e0i ri\u00eang bi\u1ec7t. M\u1ed9t v\u00ed d\u1ee5 kinh \u0111i\u1ec3n v\u1ec1 \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y l\u00e0 lo\u00e0i chim s\u1ebb c\u1ee7a Darwin \u1edf Qu\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea3o Galapagos, lo\u00e0i \u0111\u00e3 th\u00edch nghi nhanh ch\u00f3ng do s\u1ef1 c\u00f4 l\u1eadp v\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t di truy\u1ec1n c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang.<\/p>\n\n

C\u00e2u h\u1ecfi v\u00e0 nghi ng\u1edd<\/h2>\n\n

M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 nh\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc \u0111\u1eb7t c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi v\u1ec1 t\u00ednh \u0111\u1ed9c \u0111\u00e1o c\u1ee7a lo\u00e0i mu\u1ed7i trong t\u00e0u \u0111i\u1ec7n ng\u1ea7m. V\u00e0o n\u0103m 2011, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta \u0111\u00e3 ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n ra m\u1ed9t cu\u1ed9c x\u00e2m l\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 c\u1ee7a lo\u00e0i mu\u1ed7i trong h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng c\u1ed1ng r\u00e3nh c\u1ee7a New York. C\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 th\u00eam c\u00e1c nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u \u0111\u1ec3 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh li\u1ec7u nh\u1eefng lo\u00e0i mu\u1ed7i n\u00e0y c\u00f3 c\u00f9ng ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c hay kh\u00f4ng.<\/p>\n\n

C\u01a1 h\u1ed9i nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u ti\u1ec1m n\u0103ng<\/h2>\n\n

Nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u v\u1ec1 lo\u00e0i mu\u1ed7i trong t\u00e0u \u0111i\u1ec7n ng\u1ea7m mang \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u1eefng c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i th\u00fa v\u1ecb cho c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u quan t\u00e2m \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 ti\u1ebfn h\u00f3a v\u00e0 th\u00edch nghi. M\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ed9c \u0111\u00e1o c\u1ee7a t\u00e0u \u0111i\u1ec7n ng\u1ea7m cung c\u1ea5p m\u1ed9t ph\u00f2ng th\u00ed nghi\u1ec7m t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean \u0111\u1ec3 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u c\u00e1ch c\u00e1c lo\u00e0i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ti\u1ebfn h\u00f3a nhanh ch\u00f3ng \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng v\u1edbi c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n m\u1edbi l\u1ea1.<\/p>\n\n

T\u00e0u \u0111i\u1ec7n ng\u1ea7m: N\u01a1i c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng b\u1ea5t ng\u1edd v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 ti\u1ebfn h\u00f3a<\/h2>\n\n

T\u00e0u \u0111i\u1ec7n ng\u1ea7m London \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t trung t\u00e2m b\u1ea5t ng\u1edd c\u1ee7a ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng ti\u1ebfn h\u00f3a, th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ph\u1ee5c h\u1ed3i v\u00e0 th\u00edch nghi \u0111\u00e1ng kinh ng\u1ea1c c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 s\u1ed1ng. S\u1ef1 hi\u1ec7n di\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t ph\u00e2n lo\u00e0i mu\u1ed7i \u0111\u1ed9c \u0111\u00e1o trong th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi ng\u1ea7m n\u00e0y nh\u1ea5n m\u1ea1nh nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u k\u1ef3 di\u1ec7u ti\u1ec1m \u1ea9n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00ecm th\u1ea5y ngay c\u1ea3 \u1edf nh\u1eefng n\u01a1i kh\u00f4ng ng\u1edd t\u1edbi nh\u1ea5t.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Mu\u1ed7i trong t\u00e0u \u0111i\u1ec7n ng\u1ea7m London: M\u1ed9t c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n ti\u1ebfn h\u00f3a \u0111\u1ed9c \u0111\u00e1o T\u00e0u \u0111i\u1ec7n ng\u1ea7m London: Thi\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng c\u1ee7a mu\u1ed7i H\u00e0ng n\u0103m, h\u01a1n 1,3 t\u1ef7 l\u01b0\u1ee3t h\u00e0nh kh\u00e1ch \u0111i…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":24897,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[288],"tags":[18164,4824,99,18166,18165,136],"class_list":["post-13476","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-biology","tag-london-underground","tag-mosquitoes","tag-lifescienceart","tag-speciation","tag-subspecies","tag-evolution"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/13476","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=13476"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/13476\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":24898,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/13476\/revisions\/24898"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/24897"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=13476"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=13476"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=13476"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}