{"id":13608,"date":"2024-07-13T19:45:16","date_gmt":"2024-07-13T19:45:16","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/?p=13608"},"modified":"2024-07-13T19:45:16","modified_gmt":"2024-07-13T19:45:16","slug":"history-of-the-christmas-card","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/art\/design\/history-of-the-christmas-card\/","title":{"rendered":"Thi\u1ec7p Gi\u00e1ng sinh: M\u1ed9t cu\u1ed9c h\u00e0nh tr\u00ecnh l\u1ec5 h\u1ed9i qua ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt v\u00e0 v\u0103n h\u00f3a"},"content":{"rendered":"

L\u1ecbch s\u1eed thi\u1ec7p Gi\u00e1ng sinh<\/h2>\n\n

Ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c thi\u1ec7p Gi\u00e1ng sinh<\/h2>\n\n

Thi\u1ec7p Gi\u00e1ng sinh, m\u1ed9t n\u00e9t \u0111\u1eb7c tr\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 thi\u1ebfu c\u1ee7a m\u00f9a l\u1ec5, c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t l\u1ecbch s\u1eed l\u00e2u \u0111\u1eddi c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 b\u1eaft ngu\u1ed3n t\u1eeb th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 \u0111\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a Victoria. V\u00e0o n\u0103m 1843, m\u1ed9t nh\u00e0 gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c v\u00e0 nh\u00e0 b\u1ea3o tr\u1ee3 ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c k\u00ednh tr\u1ecdng t\u00ean l\u00e0 Henry Cole th\u1ea5y m\u00ecnh cho\u00e1ng ng\u1ee3p b\u1edfi th\u01b0 t\u1eeb ng\u00e0y l\u1ec5. \u0110\u1ec3 t\u00ecm c\u00e1ch ti\u1ebft ki\u1ec7m th\u1eddi gian, \u00f4ng \u0111\u00e3 \u1ee7y th\u00e1c cho h\u1ecda s\u0129 J.C. Horsley t\u1ea1o ra m\u1ed9t h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh l\u1ec5 h\u1ed9i m\u00e0 \u00f4ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n h\u00f3a v\u00e0 g\u1eedi \u0111\u1ebfn nhi\u1ec1u b\u1ea1n b\u00e8 c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh. Thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3, v\u1edbi h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh m\u1ed9t gia \u0111\u00ecnh \u0111ang \u0103n m\u1eebng Gi\u00e1ng sinh b\u00ean c\u1ea1nh nh\u1eefng c\u1ea3nh l\u00e0m t\u1eeb thi\u1ec7n, \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh t\u1ea5m thi\u1ec7p Gi\u00e1ng sinh \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean.<\/p>\n\n

Nh\u1eefng tranh c\u00e3i ban \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn<\/h2>\n\n

M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 ti\u1ec7n l\u1ee3i nh\u01b0ng t\u1ea5m thi\u1ec7p Gi\u00e1ng sinh \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean \u0111\u00e3 g\u00e2y ra m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 tranh c\u00e3i do h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh tr\u1ebb em u\u1ed1ng r\u01b0\u1ee3u. Tuy nhi\u00ean, t\u00ednh thi\u1ebft th\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a t\u1ea5m thi\u1ec7p \u0111\u00e3 nhanh ch\u00f3ng l\u1ea5n \u00e1t m\u1ecdi l\u1eddi ch\u1ec9 tr\u00edch v\u00e0 ch\u1eb3ng m\u1ea5y ch\u1ed1c \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1edf n\u00ean ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn trong s\u1ed1 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi Victoria n\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng kh\u00e1c. Louis Prang, m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi nh\u1eadp c\u01b0 Ph\u1ed5, \u0111\u00e3 gi\u1edbi thi\u1ec7u t\u1ea5m thi\u1ec7p Gi\u00e1ng sinh \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean t\u1ea1i Hoa K\u1ef3 v\u00e0o n\u0103m 1875, v\u1edbi c\u00e1ch ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt v\u00e0 tinh t\u1ebf h\u01a1n v\u1edbi b\u1ee9c tranh v\u1ec1 m\u1ed9t b\u00f4ng hoa.<\/p>\n\n

S\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a thi\u1ec7p Gi\u00e1ng sinh<\/h2>\n\n

Qua nhi\u1ec1u th\u1eadp k\u1ef7, thi\u1ec7p Gi\u00e1ng sinh \u0111\u00e3 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3. S\u1ef1 tr\u00e2n tr\u1ecdng \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u00e0 t\u00ednh ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng t\u1ea5m thi\u1ec7p ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng t\u0103ng, d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c cu\u1ed9c thi v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi s\u01b0u t\u1eadp thi\u1ec7p. \u0110\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ea7u th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 20, ng\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p thi\u1ec7p Gi\u00e1ng sinh \u0111\u00e3 b\u00e9n r\u1ec5, v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng c\u00f4ng ty nh\u01b0 Hallmark gi\u1edbi thi\u1ec7u c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh d\u1ea1ng m\u1edbi v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf \u0111\u1ea7y m\u00e0u s\u1eafc \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1edf n\u00ean c\u1ef1c k\u1ef3 ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn.<\/p>\n\n

C\u00e1c ngh\u1ec7 s\u0129 n\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng v\u00e0 thi\u1ec7p Gi\u00e1ng sinh<\/h2>\n\n

Hallmark v\u00e0 c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 xu\u1ea5t b\u1ea3n kh\u00e1c \u0111\u00e3 t\u00ecm c\u00e1ch t\u1ea1o s\u1ef1 kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t cho nh\u1eefng t\u1ea5m thi\u1ec7p c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch \u1ee7y th\u00e1c nh\u1eefng ngh\u1ec7 s\u0129 n\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf nh\u1eefng m\u1eabu \u0111\u1ed9c \u0111\u00e1o. Salvador Dali, Grandma Moses v\u00e0 Norman Rockwell l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 ngh\u1ec7 s\u0129 n\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u00f3ng g\u00f3p cho truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng thi\u1ec7p Gi\u00e1ng sinh, t\u1ea1o ra nh\u1eefng t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m kh\u00f3 qu\u00ean v\u00e0 c\u00f3 gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb s\u01b0u t\u1ea7m.<\/p>\n\n

Thi\u1ec7p Gi\u00e1ng sinh hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i<\/h2>\n\n

Ng\u00e0y nay, s\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed5i m\u1edbi trong thi\u1ec7p Gi\u00e1ng sinh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y b\u1edfi c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 xu\u1ea5t b\u1ea3n nh\u1ecf, th\u00edch h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi t\u1eebng \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng t\u1ea5m thi\u1ec7p b\u1eadt l\u00ean tinh x\u1ea3o, thi\u1ec7p video v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng l\u1eddi nh\u1eafn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n h\u00f3a. Nh\u1eefng t\u00ecnh c\u1ea3m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n tr\u00ean thi\u1ec7p Gi\u00e1ng sinh c\u0169ng \u0111\u00e3 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n, tr\u1edf n\u00ean d\u1ec5 \u0111\u1ed3ng c\u1ea3m h\u01a1n v\u00e0 ph\u1ea3n \u00e1nh ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef v\u00e0 gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ea1i.<\/p>\n\n

Tem Gi\u00e1ng sinh<\/h2>\n\n

S\u1ef1 ra \u0111\u1eddi c\u1ee7a con tem Gi\u00e1ng sinh \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean c\u1ee7a B\u01b0u \u0111i\u1ec7n Hoa K\u1ef3 v\u00e0o n\u0103m 1962 c\u00e0ng c\u1ee7ng c\u1ed1 th\u00eam s\u1ef1 ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn c\u1ee7a thi\u1ec7p Gi\u00e1ng sinh. M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng th\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t nh\u01b0ng h\u01a1n m\u1ed9t t\u1ef7 b\u1ea3n sao c\u1ee7a con tem \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c in v\u00e0 ph\u00e2n ph\u1ed1i, nh\u1ea5n m\u1ea1nh vi\u1ec7c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng r\u1ed9ng r\u00e3i thi\u1ec7p Gi\u00e1ng sinh.<\/p>\n\n

Thi\u1ec7p Gi\u00e1ng sinh nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t ng\u00e0nh kinh doanh l\u1edbn<\/h2>\n\n

\u0110\u1ed9ng l\u1ef1c ban \u0111\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a Henry Cole khi t\u1ea1o ra t\u1ea5m thi\u1ec7p Gi\u00e1ng sinh \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec3 h\u1ee3p l\u00fd h\u00f3a th\u01b0 t\u1eeb ng\u00e0y l\u1ec5 c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh. Kh\u00f4ng h\u1ec1 hay bi\u1ebft, \u00f4ng \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1eb7t n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng cho m\u1ed9t ng\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p \u0111ang ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd. Ng\u00e0y nay, th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng thi\u1ec7p Gi\u00e1ng sinh \u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n cho m\u1ed9t doanh nghi\u1ec7p th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea1i l\u1edbn, n\u01a1i c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 xu\u1ea5t b\u1ea3n v\u00e0 nh\u00e0 b\u00e1n l\u1ebb h\u01b0\u1edfng l\u1ee3i t\u1eeb truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng trao \u0111\u1ed5i l\u1eddi ch\u00fac m\u1eebng l\u1ec5 h\u1ed9i.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

L\u1ecbch s\u1eed thi\u1ec7p Gi\u00e1ng sinh Ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c thi\u1ec7p Gi\u00e1ng sinh Thi\u1ec7p Gi\u00e1ng sinh, m\u1ed9t n\u00e9t \u0111\u1eb7c tr\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 thi\u1ebfu c\u1ee7a m\u00f9a l\u1ec5, c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t l\u1ecbch s\u1eed l\u00e2u \u0111\u1eddi c\u00f3…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":23864,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1060],"tags":[104,18331,1900,18332,5076],"class_list":["post-13608","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-design","tag-art-history","tag-christmas-card","tag-victorian-era","tag-holiday-tradition","tag-popular-culture"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/13608","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/3"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=13608"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/13608\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":13609,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/13608\/revisions\/13609"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/23864"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=13608"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=13608"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=13608"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}