{"id":1367,"date":"2023-05-08T00:55:03","date_gmt":"2023-05-08T00:55:03","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/?p=1367"},"modified":"2023-05-08T00:55:03","modified_gmt":"2023-05-08T00:55:03","slug":"automation-future-of-work-universal-basic-income","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/science\/technology-and-society\/automation-future-of-work-universal-basic-income\/","title":{"rendered":"T\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u00f3a v\u00e0 T\u01b0\u01a1ng lai c\u1ee7a C\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c: Thu nh\u1eadp c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n to\u00e0n d\u00e2n c\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 c\u00e2u tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi?"},"content":{"rendered":"<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">T\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u00f3a v\u00e0 T\u01b0\u01a1ng lai c\u1ee7a C\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c: Thu nh\u1eadp c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n to\u00e0n d\u00e2n c\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 c\u00e2u tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi?<\/h2>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">S\u1ef1 tr\u1ed7i d\u1eady c\u1ee7a T\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u00f3a<\/h2>\n\n<p>Nh\u1eefng ti\u1ebfn b\u1ed9 c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 trong l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7 nh\u00e2n t\u1ea1o (AI), \u0111ang nhanh ch\u00f3ng t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u00f3a c\u00e1c nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 m\u00e0 tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00e2y do con ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n. T\u1eeb xe t\u1ef1 l\u00e1i \u0111\u1ebfn d\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u0129 robot, m\u00e1y m\u00f3c \u0111ang ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng ti\u1ebfp qu\u1ea3n nhi\u1ec1u c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c h\u01a1n trong nhi\u1ec1u ng\u00e0nh ngh\u1ec1 kh\u00e1c nhau. Xu h\u01b0\u1edbng n\u00e0y l\u00e0m d\u1ea5y l\u00ean m\u1ed1i lo ng\u1ea1i v\u1ec1 t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai c\u1ee7a c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c v\u00e0 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng x\u1ea3y ra t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng m\u1ea5t vi\u1ec7c h\u00e0ng lo\u1ea1t.<\/p>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">T\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u00ean th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng lao \u0111\u1ed9ng<\/h2>\n\n<p>Theo b\u00e1o c\u00e1o g\u1ea7n \u0111\u00e2y c\u1ee7a H\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ed3ng C\u1ed1 v\u1ea5n Kinh t\u1ebf Nh\u00e0 Tr\u1eafng, nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi ki\u1ebfm \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u01b0\u1edbi 20 \u0111\u00f4 la m\u1ed9t gi\u1edd c\u00f3 83% kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng m\u1ea5t vi\u1ec7c v\u00ec t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u00f3a, trong khi nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi ki\u1ebfm \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1edbi 40 \u0111\u00f4 la m\u1ed9t gi\u1edd c\u00f3 h\u01a1n 30% kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 lo l\u1eafng lan r\u1ed9ng v\u1ec1 nh\u1eefng h\u1eadu qu\u1ea3 kinh t\u1ebf c\u1ee7a t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u00f3a v\u00e0 nhu c\u1ea7u v\u1ec1 m\u1ed9t m\u1ea1ng l\u01b0\u1edbi an to\u00e0n cho nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi lao \u0111\u1ed9ng b\u1ecb thay th\u1ebf.<\/p>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Thu nh\u1eadp c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n to\u00e0n d\u00e2n: M\u1ed9t gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p c\u1ea5p ti\u1ebfn<\/h2>\n\n<p>M\u1ed9t gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ec1 xu\u1ea5t cho nh\u1eefng th\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c do t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u00f3a \u0111\u1eb7t ra l\u00e0 thu nh\u1eadp c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n to\u00e0n d\u00e2n (UBI). UBI l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n: m\u1ecdi c\u00f4ng d\u00e2n c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t qu\u1ed1c gia s\u1ebd nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ed9t kho\u1ea3n s\u00e9c h\u00e0ng th\u00e1ng t\u1eeb ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7, b\u1ea5t k\u1ec3 thu nh\u1eadp ho\u1eb7c t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd.<\/p>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">L\u1eadp lu\u1eadn cho UBI<\/h2>\n\n<p>Nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u1ee7ng h\u1ed9 UBI cho r\u1eb1ng ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh n\u00e0y s\u1ebd cung c\u1ea5p m\u1ed9t kho\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ec7m t\u00e0i ch\u00ednh cho nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi lao \u0111\u1ed9ng b\u1ecb thay th\u1ebf do t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u00f3a, cho ph\u00e9p h\u1ecd chuy\u1ec3n sang c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c m\u1edbi ho\u1eb7c ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ed1i m\u1eb7t v\u1edbi kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n v\u1ec1 kinh t\u1ebf. H\u1ecd c\u0169ng tin r\u1eb1ng UBI c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3m ngh\u00e8o v\u00e0 b\u1ea5t b\u00ecnh \u0111\u1eb3ng, \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi gi\u1ea3i ph\u00f3ng con ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ec3 theo \u0111u\u1ed5i c\u00e1c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng b\u1ed5 \u00edch ho\u1eb7c c\u00f3 l\u1ee3i cho x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i h\u01a1n.<\/p>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">M\u1ed1i quan ng\u1ea1i v\u1ec1 UBI<\/h2>\n\n<p>Nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u1ec9 tr\u00edch UBI b\u00e0y t\u1ecf lo ng\u1ea1i v\u1ec1 chi ph\u00ed c\u1ee7a ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh n\u00e0y v\u00e0 t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng ti\u1ec1m t\u00e0ng c\u1ee7a ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng lao \u0111\u1ed9ng. H\u1ecd cho r\u1eb1ng ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 qu\u00e1 t\u1ed1n k\u00e9m v\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m n\u1ea3n l\u00f2ng m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00f4ng mu\u1ed1n l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c n\u1ebfu h\u1ecd c\u00f3 thu nh\u1eadp \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o.<\/p>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">C\u00e1c cu\u1ed9c th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m v\u00e0 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u<\/h2>\n\n<p>B\u1ea5t ch\u1ea5p cu\u1ed9c tranh lu\u1eadn \u0111ang di\u1ec5n ra, m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 qu\u1ed1c gia v\u00e0 t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c \u0111ang ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh c\u00e1c cu\u1ed9c th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m \u0111\u1ec3 ki\u1ec3m tra t\u00ednh kh\u1ea3 thi v\u00e0 hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a UBI. Ph\u1ea7n Lan \u0111ang kh\u1edfi \u0111\u1ed9ng m\u1ed9t nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u k\u00e9o d\u00e0i hai n\u0103m, trong \u0111\u00f3 100.000 c\u00f4ng d\u00e2n s\u1ebd nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c kho\u1ea3n thanh to\u00e1n h\u00e0ng th\u00e1ng l\u00ean t\u1edbi 1.000 euro. C\u00e1c c\u00f4ng ty \u1edf Thung l\u0169ng Silicon c\u0169ng \u0111ang t\u00e0i tr\u1ee3 cho c\u00e1c d\u1ef1 \u00e1n nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u \u0111\u1ec3 kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 nh\u1eefng l\u1ee3i \u00edch ti\u1ec1m t\u00e0ng c\u1ee7a UBI.<\/p>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">T\u01b0\u01a1ng lai c\u1ee7a c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c v\u00e0 UBI<\/h2>\n\n<p>T\u01b0\u01a1ng lai c\u1ee7a c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c v\u1eabn kh\u00f4ng ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn, nh\u01b0ng r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng l\u00e0 t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u00f3a s\u1ebd ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u00ecnh l\u1ea1i th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng lao \u0111\u1ed9ng. M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 UBI l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p c\u1ea5p ti\u1ebfn, nh\u01b0ng ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh n\u00e0y \u0111ang \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u00fa \u00fd nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch ti\u1ec1m n\u0103ng \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft nh\u1eefng th\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c v\u00e0 c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i do cu\u1ed9c c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 n\u00e0y mang l\u1ea1i.<\/p>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Nh\u1eefng c\u00e2n nh\u1eafc b\u1ed5 sung<\/h2>\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Nh\u1eefng t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a vi\u1ec7c thay th\u1ebf ng\u01b0\u1eddi lao \u0111\u1ed9ng b\u1eb1ng r\u00f4-b\u1ed1t:<\/strong> \u0110i\u1ec1u quan tr\u1ecdng l\u00e0 ph\u1ea3i c\u00e2n nh\u1eafc t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u00f3a \u0111\u1ebfn ph\u1ea9m gi\u00e1 v\u00e0 m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Nhu c\u1ea7u h\u1ecdc t\u1eadp su\u1ed1t \u0111\u1eddi:<\/strong> Khi c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c thay \u0111\u1ed5i nhanh ch\u00f3ng, ng\u01b0\u1eddi lao \u0111\u1ed9ng s\u1ebd c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i li\u00ean t\u1ee5c th\u00edch nghi v\u00e0 trau d\u1ed3i c\u00e1c k\u1ef9 n\u0103ng m\u1edbi.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Ti\u1ec1m n\u0103ng c\u1ee7a UBI trong vi\u1ec7c th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y s\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed5i m\u1edbi v\u00e0 tinh th\u1ea7n kinh doanh:<\/strong> B\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch cung c\u1ea5p m\u1ed9t m\u1ea1ng l\u01b0\u1edbi an to\u00e0n v\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t t\u00e0i ch\u00ednh, UBI c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3i ph\u00f3ng m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn r\u1ee7i ro v\u00e0 theo \u0111u\u1ed5i c\u00e1c d\u1ef1 \u00e1n kinh doanh m\u1edbi.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">K\u1ebft lu\u1eadn<\/h2>\n\n<p>Cu\u1ed9c tranh lu\u1eadn v\u1ec1 t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u00f3a v\u00e0 t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai c\u1ee7a c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c r\u1ea5t ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p v\u00e0 \u0111a chi\u1ec1u. M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 c\u00e2u tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng n\u00e0o, nh\u01b0ng thu nh\u1eadp c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n to\u00e0n d\u00e2n l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ea5p ti\u1ebfn \u0111\u00e1ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e2n nh\u1eafc nghi\u00eam t\u00fac khi ch\u00fang ta \u0111\u1ed1i m\u1eb7t v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng th\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c v\u00e0 c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i c\u1ee7a th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 21.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>T\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u00f3a v\u00e0 T\u01b0\u01a1ng lai c\u1ee7a C\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c: Thu nh\u1eadp c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n to\u00e0n d\u00e2n c\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 c\u00e2u tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi? S\u1ef1 tr\u1ed7i d\u1eady c\u1ee7a T\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u00f3a Nh\u1eefng ti\u1ebfn&hellip;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[2121],"tags":[3060,3058,3059,3057,1254,2729,3056],"class_list":["post-1367","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-technology-and-society","tag-economic-inequality","tag-technology-and-society","tag-job-displacement","tag-universal-basic-income","tag-artificial-intelligence","tag-automation","tag-future-of-work"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1367","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=1367"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1367\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":1368,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1367\/revisions\/1368"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1367"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=1367"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=1367"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}