Khi m\u1ed9t gi\u1ecdt m\u01b0a r\u01a1i, n\u00f3 cu\u1ed1n theo nh\u1eefng h\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ea5t nh\u1ecf, cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng t\u00edch t\u1ee5 l\u1ea1i \u1edf \u0111\u1ea1i d\u01b0\u01a1ng. Theo th\u1eddi gian, qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 x\u00f3i m\u00f2n l\u00e0m thay \u0111\u1ed5i c\u1ea3nh quan, l\u00e0m ph\u1eb3ng c\u00e1c s\u01b0\u1eddn d\u1ed1c v\u00e0 h\u1ea1 th\u1ea5p b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t \u0111\u1ea5t. \u0110i\u1ec1u th\u00fa v\u1ecb l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 x\u00f3i m\u00f2n n\u00e0y c\u00f3 t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng s\u00e2u s\u1eafc \u0111\u1ebfn l\u1edbp ph\u1ee7 c\u1ee7a Tr\u00e1i \u0110\u1ea5t, l\u1edbp n\u1eb1m b\u00ean d\u01b0\u1edbi l\u1edbp v\u1ecf.<\/p>\n\n
Khi l\u1edbp v\u1ecf m\u1ea5t tr\u1ecdng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng do x\u00f3i m\u00f2n, n\u00f3 s\u1ebd d\u00e2ng l\u00ean, \u0111\u1ea9y l\u1edbp \u0111\u00e1 ph\u1ee7 \u0111\u1eb7c h\u01a1n b\u00ean d\u01b0\u1edbi. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y k\u00edch ho\u1ea1t d\u00f2ng ch\u1ea3y c\u1ee7a \u0111\u00e1 ph\u1ee7 n\u00f3ng b\u00ean d\u01b0\u1edbi l\u1ee5c \u0111\u1ecba, gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 n\u01b0\u1edbc ch\u1ea3y d\u01b0\u1edbi m\u1ed9t chi\u1ebfc thuy\u1ec1n \u0111ang v\u01b0\u01a1n l\u00ean. S\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed1i l\u01b0u c\u1ee7a l\u1edbp ph\u1ee7 n\u00e0y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh li\u00ean t\u1ee5c, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y b\u1edfi s\u1ef1 ngu\u1ed9i l\u1ea1nh c\u1ee7a ph\u1ea7n b\u00ean trong c\u1ee7a Tr\u00e1i \u0110\u1ea5t.<\/p>\n\n
\u0110\u00e1 ph\u1ee7 ch\u1ea3y v\u00e0o b\u00ean trong l\u1ee5c \u0111\u1ecba \u0111ang m\u1ecfng d\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i b\u1eaft ngu\u1ed3n t\u1eeb \u0111\u00e2u \u0111\u00f3. N\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ed5 sung b\u1edfi \u0111\u00e1 ph\u1ee7 m\u1edbi d\u00e2ng l\u00ean \u1edf c\u00e1c s\u1ed1ng n\u00fai gi\u1eefa \u0111\u1ea1i d\u01b0\u01a1ng, n\u01a1i c\u00e1c m\u1ea3ng ki\u1ebfn t\u1ea1o t\u00e1ch r\u1eddi nhau. V\u1eadt ch\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a l\u1edbp ph\u1ee7 n\u00e0y t\u1ea1o th\u00e0nh l\u1edbp v\u1ecf \u0111\u1ea1i d\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1edbi, gia t\u0103ng c\u00e1c c\u1ea1nh c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c m\u1ea3ng.<\/p>\n\n
Tuy nhi\u00ean, m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 \u0111\u00e1 ph\u1ee7 n\u00e0y c\u0169ng ch\u1ea3y b\u00ean d\u01b0\u1edbi l\u1edbp v\u1ecf \u0111\u1ea1i d\u01b0\u01a1ng, l\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ea7y kh\u00f4ng gian \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ea1o ra b\u1edfi l\u1edbp v\u1ecf l\u1ee5c \u0111\u1ecba \u0111ang d\u00e2ng l\u00ean. Cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng, l\u1edbp ph\u1ee7 \u0111ang ch\u1ea3y n\u00e0y g\u1eb7p ph\u1ea3i l\u1edbp \u0111\u00e1 l\u1ee5c \u0111\u1ecba l\u1ea1nh h\u01a1n v\u00e0 c\u1ee9ng h\u01a1n. Va ch\u1ea1m n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 khi\u1ebfn \u0111\u00e1 l\u1ee5c \u0111\u1ecba b\u1ecb v\u1ee1, d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ea5t.<\/p>\n\n
Khi l\u1edbp ph\u1ee7 ch\u1ea3y b\u00ean d\u01b0\u1edbi l\u1edbp v\u1ecf \u0111\u1ea1i d\u01b0\u01a1ng, m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n s\u1ebd tan ch\u1ea3y do gi\u1ea3m \u00e1p su\u1ea5t. \u0110\u00e1 n\u00f3ng ch\u1ea3y n\u00e0y di chuy\u1ec3n qua c\u00e1c v\u1ebft n\u1ee9t v\u00e0 l\u1ed7 r\u1ed7ng, cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng phun tr\u00e0o th\u00e0nh n\u00fai l\u1eeda d\u01b0\u1edbi bi\u1ec3n. Dung nham ngu\u1ed9i \u0111i gi\u1ea3i ph\u00f3ng nhi\u1ec7t v\u00e0o \u0111\u1ea1i d\u01b0\u01a1ng, g\u00f3p ph\u1ea7n v\u00e0o hi\u1ec7u \u1ee9ng n\u00f3ng l\u00ean c\u1ee7a M\u1eb7t tr\u1eddi v\u00e0 t\u1ea1o ra gi\u00f3 v\u00e0 m\u01b0a.<\/p>\n\n
Ngo\u00e0i n\u00fai l\u1eeda, s\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed1i l\u01b0u c\u1ee7a l\u1edbp ph\u1ee7 c\u0169ng \u0111\u00f3ng vai tr\u00f2 trong vi\u1ec7c t\u1ea1o ra t\u1eeb tr\u01b0\u1eddng c\u1ee7a Tr\u00e1i \u0110\u1ea5t. Khi \u0111\u00e1 n\u00f3ng ch\u1ea3y c\u1ee7a l\u1edbp ph\u1ee7 d\u00e2ng l\u00ean b\u00ean d\u01b0\u1edbi c\u00e1c s\u1ed1ng n\u00fai gi\u1eefa \u0111\u1ea1i d\u01b0\u01a1ng, n\u00f3 t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 t\u1ef1 quay c\u1ee7a Tr\u00e1i \u0110\u1ea5t. T\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c n\u00e0y t\u1ea1o ra d\u00f2ng \u0111i\u1ec7n, t\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3 t\u1ea1o ra t\u1eeb tr\u01b0\u1eddng.<\/p>\n\n
Khi nh\u1eefng gi\u1ecdt m\u01b0a r\u01a1i xu\u1ed1ng d\u01b0\u1edbi d\u1ea1ng tuy\u1ebft \u1edf c\u00e1c v\u00f9ng l\u1ea1nh, ch\u00fang t\u00edch t\u1ee5 l\u1ea1i t\u1ea1o th\u00e0nh c\u00e1c l\u1edbp b\u0103ng. Tr\u1ecdng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c l\u1edbp b\u0103ng n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e8 xu\u1ed1ng v\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ea5t b\u00ean d\u01b0\u1edbi, khi\u1ebfn l\u1edbp ph\u1ee7 ch\u1ea3y \u0111i. Theo th\u1eddi gian, nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 t\u0103ng l\u00ean t\u1eeb b\u00ean trong Tr\u00e1i \u0110\u1ea5t c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m tan ch\u1ea3y l\u1edbp \u0111\u00e1y c\u1ee7a t\u1ea3ng b\u0103ng.<\/p>\n\n
Khi \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y x\u1ea3y ra, t\u1ea3ng b\u0103ng s\u1ebd tr\u01b0\u1ee3t \u0111i tr\u00ean m\u1ed9t l\u1edbp n\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e1 v\u1ee5n, tr\u00f4i \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ea1i d\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u00e0 v\u1ee1 th\u00e0nh c\u00e1c t\u1ea3ng b\u0103ng tr\u00f4i. Nh\u1eefng t\u1ea3ng b\u0103ng tr\u00f4i n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m gi\u00e1n \u0111o\u1ea1n d\u00f2ng ch\u1ea3y c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ea1i d\u01b0\u01a1ng, c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng g\u00e2y ra nh\u1eefng thay \u0111\u1ed5i trong c\u00e1c ki\u1ec3u ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a b\u0103ng.<\/p>\n\n
Hi\u1ec3u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1c chu k\u1ef3 b\u0103ng h\u00e0 v\u00e0 b\u0103ng li\u00ean k\u1ef7 n\u00e0y r\u1ea5t quan tr\u1ecdng \u0111\u1ec3 qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd t\u00e0i nguy\u00ean n\u01b0\u1edbc. M\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n n\u01b0\u1edbc r\u01a1i xu\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ea5t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u01b0u tr\u1eef trong c\u00e1c t\u1ea7ng ch\u1ee9a n\u01b0\u1edbc ng\u1ea7m trong th\u1eddi gian d\u00e0i. Ch\u00fang ta d\u1ef1a v\u00e0o c\u00e1c t\u1ea7ng ch\u1ee9a n\u01b0\u1edbc n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ec3 l\u1ea5y n\u01b0\u1edbc u\u1ed1ng, nh\u01b0ng vi\u1ec7c khai th\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc ng\u1ea7m qu\u00e1 m\u1ee9c c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m c\u1ea1n ki\u1ec7t ngu\u1ed3n t\u00e0i nguy\u00ean n\u00e0y.<\/p>\n\n
C\u00e1c qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 \u1edf tr\u00ean – th\u1ee7y v\u0103n, s\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed1i l\u01b0u c\u1ee7a l\u1edbp ph\u1ee7, ki\u1ebfn t\u1ea1o m\u1ea3ng, n\u00fai l\u1eeda, chu k\u1ef3 b\u0103ng h\u00e0 v\u00e0 t\u00e0i nguy\u00ean n\u01b0\u1edbc – \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i v\u1edbi nhau. Ch\u00fang t\u1ea1o th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t m\u1ea1ng l\u01b0\u1edbi ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p c\u00e1c t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c, \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u00ecnh h\u00e0nh tinh c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta.<\/p>\n\n
M\u1ed7i gi\u1ecdt m\u01b0a, m\u1ed7i tr\u1eadn \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ea5t, m\u1ed7i v\u1ee5 phun tr\u00e0o n\u00fai l\u1eeda v\u00e0 m\u1ed7i thay \u0111\u1ed5i v\u1ec1 l\u1edbp b\u0103ng \u0111\u1ec1u g\u00f3p ph\u1ea7n v\u00e0o tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i c\u00e2n b\u1eb1ng \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a Tr\u00e1i \u0110\u1ea5t. S\u1ef1 k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i n\u00e0y l\u00e0m n\u1ed5i b\u1eadt t\u1ea7m quan tr\u1ecdng c\u1ee7a nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u li\u00ean ng\u00e0nh trong khoa h\u1ecdc Tr\u00e1i \u0110\u1ea5t.<\/p>\n\n
B\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch hi\u1ec3u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ed1i li\u00ean h\u1ec7 gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh kh\u00e1c nhau c\u1ee7a Tr\u00e1i \u0110\u1ea5t, ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 d\u1ef1 \u0111o\u00e1n v\u00e0 qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng v\u00e0 x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta. Nh\u1eadn ra Tr\u00e1i \u0110\u1ea5t l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng kh\u00e9p k\u00edn, ngo\u1ea1i tr\u1eeb c\u00e1c t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf, nh\u1ea5n m\u1ea1nh s\u1ef1 c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng b\u1ec1n v\u1eefng \u0111\u1ec3 b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 h\u00e0nh tinh c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta cho c\u00e1c th\u1ebf h\u1ec7 t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
S\u1ef1 k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh c\u1ee7a Tr\u00e1i \u0110\u1ea5t: Hi\u1ec7u \u1ee9ng lan truy\u1ec1n c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t gi\u1ecdt m\u01b0a Th\u1ee7y v\u0103n v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed1i l\u01b0u c\u1ee7a l\u1edbp ph\u1ee7 Khi m\u1ed9t gi\u1ecdt…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[212],"tags":[18468,207,17846,572,210,99,1974,18469,282],"class_list":["post-13733","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-earth-science","tag-glacial-cycles","tag-geology","tag-hydrology","tag-earth-science","tag-plate-tectonics","tag-lifescienceart","tag-volcanology","tag-interconnectedness-of-earth-systems","tag-water-resources"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/13733","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=13733"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/13733\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":13734,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/13733\/revisions\/13734"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=13733"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=13733"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=13733"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}