{"id":1379,"date":"2023-05-27T16:19:17","date_gmt":"2023-05-27T16:19:17","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/?p=1379"},"modified":"2023-05-27T16:19:17","modified_gmt":"2023-05-27T16:19:17","slug":"the-science-of-chili-peppers","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/science\/biology\/the-science-of-chili-peppers\/","title":{"rendered":"\u1edat: Tr\u00e1i c\u00e2y cay c\u00f3 b\u1ec1 d\u00e0y l\u1ecbch s\u1eed"},"content":{"rendered":"<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u1edat: Tr\u00e1i c\u00e2y cay c\u00f3 b\u1ec1 d\u00e0y l\u1ecbch s\u1eed<\/h2>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Capsaicin: H\u1ee3p ch\u1ea5t h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc t\u1ea1o n\u00ean v\u1ecb cay c\u1ee7a \u1edbt<\/h2>\n\n<p>Capsaicin l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t h\u1ee3p ch\u1ea5t c\u00f3 trong \u1edbt, t\u1ea1o n\u00ean v\u1ecb cay \u0111\u1eb7c tr\u01b0ng c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang. N\u00f3 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch li\u00ean k\u1ebft v\u1edbi c\u00e1c th\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 tr\u00ean l\u01b0\u1ee1i v\u00e0 trong \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng ti\u00eau h\u00f3a, g\u00e2y ra c\u1ea3m gi\u00e1c b\u1ecfng r\u00e1t. Capsaicin c\u0169ng \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ee9ng minh l\u00e0 c\u00f3 \u0111\u1eb7c t\u00ednh kh\u00e1ng khu\u1ea9n v\u00e0 kh\u00e1ng n\u1ea5m, khi\u1ebfn n\u00f3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t ch\u1ea5t b\u1ea3o qu\u1ea3n t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean ti\u1ec1m n\u0103ng.<\/p>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">S\u1ef1 ti\u1ebfn h\u00f3a c\u1ee7a v\u1ecb cay \u1edf \u1edbt<\/h2>\n\n<p>\u1edat \u0111\u00e3 ti\u1ebfn h\u00f3a v\u1ecb cay c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t c\u01a1 ch\u1ebf ph\u00f2ng v\u1ec7 ch\u1ed1ng l\u1ea1i n\u1ea5m m\u1ed1c. Capsaicin \u1ee9c ch\u1ebf s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a n\u1ea5m, b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 h\u1ea1t \u1edbt kh\u1ecfi b\u1ecb nhi\u1ec5m tr\u00f9ng. Ngo\u00e0i ra, capsaicin c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ng\u0103n ch\u1eb7n c\u00e1c lo\u00e0i \u0103n h\u1ea1t nh\u01b0 g\u1eb7m nh\u1ea5m v\u00e0 chim. Tuy nhi\u00ean, m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 lo\u00e0i chim \u0111\u00e3 ti\u1ebfn h\u00f3a \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ecbu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c capsaicin, cho ph\u00e9p ch\u00fang \u0103n \u1edbt v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t t\u00e1n h\u1ea1t c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang.<\/p>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Vai tr\u00f2 c\u1ee7a \u1edbt trong l\u1ecbch s\u1eed lo\u00e0i ng\u01b0\u1eddi<\/h2>\n\n<p>Con ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 \u0103n \u1edbt \u00edt nh\u1ea5t 8.000 n\u0103m. Ch\u00fang l\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thu\u1ea7n h\u00f3a \u1edf Bolivia c\u00e1ch \u0111\u00e2y h\u01a1n 6.000 n\u0103m. \u1edat nhanh ch\u00f3ng lan r\u1ed9ng kh\u1eafp th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi, tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu trong nhi\u1ec1u n\u1ec1n \u1ea9m th\u1ef1c. Ng\u00e0y nay, \u1edbt \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ti\u00eau th\u1ee5 v\u1edbi s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng l\u1edbn, v\u1edbi l\u01b0\u1ee3ng ti\u00eau th\u1ee5 trung b\u00ecnh c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi M\u1ef9 l\u00e0 h\u01a1n 5 pound m\u1ed7i n\u0103m.<\/p>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">L\u1ee3i \u00edch s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe c\u1ee7a \u1edbt<\/h2>\n\n<p>Ngo\u00e0i gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb \u1ea9m th\u1ef1c, \u1edbt c\u0169ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ee9ng minh l\u00e0 c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u l\u1ee3i \u00edch cho s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe. Capsaicin \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n c\u00f3 t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng gi\u1ea3m vi\u00eam, c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n l\u01b0u th\u00f4ng m\u00e1u v\u00e0 th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh trao \u0111\u1ed5i ch\u1ea5t. \u1edat c\u0169ng l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ngu\u1ed3n cung c\u1ea5p vitamin A v\u00e0 C, c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 kali v\u00e0 ch\u1ea5t x\u01a1 d\u1ed3i d\u00e0o.<\/p>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Tr\u1ed3ng \u1edbt<\/h2>\n\n<p>\u1edat \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tr\u1ed3ng \u1edf nhi\u1ec1u v\u00f9ng kh\u00ed h\u1eadu kh\u00e1c nhau tr\u00ean th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi. Ch\u00fang \u01b0a th\u00edch \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n \u1ea5m \u00e1p, nhi\u1ec1u n\u1eafng v\u1edbi \u0111\u1ea5t tho\u00e1t n\u01b0\u1edbc t\u1ed1t. \u1edat c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tr\u1ed3ng t\u1eeb h\u1ea1t ho\u1eb7c c\u00e2y con, v\u00e0 ch\u00fang th\u01b0\u1eddng ch\u00edn trong v\u00f2ng 60 \u0111\u1ebfn 90 ng\u00e0y.<\/p>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">C\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i \u1edbt kh\u00e1c nhau<\/h2>\n\n<p>C\u00f3 h\u00e0ng tr\u0103m gi\u1ed1ng \u1edbt kh\u00e1c nhau, m\u1ed7i lo\u1ea1i c\u00f3 h\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u1ecb v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9 cay \u0111\u1eb7c tr\u01b0ng ri\u00eang. M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 lo\u1ea1i ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn nh\u1ea5t bao g\u1ed3m:<\/p>\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u1edat chu\u00f4ng: Nh\u1eb9 v\u00e0 ng\u1ecdt, v\u1edbi thang \u0111\u1ed9 cay Scoville l\u00e0 0<\/li>\n<li>\u1edat Jalape\u00f1o: \u0110\u1ed9 cay trung b\u00ecnh, v\u1edbi thang \u0111\u1ed9 cay Scoville t\u1eeb 2.500 \u0111\u1ebfn 8.000<\/li>\n<li>\u1edat Habanero: R\u1ea5t cay, v\u1edbi thang \u0111\u1ed9 cay Scoville t\u1eeb 100.000 \u0111\u1ebfn 350.000<\/li>\n<li>\u1edat Carolina Reaper: C\u1ef1c k\u1ef3 cay, v\u1edbi thang \u0111\u1ed9 cay Scoville tr\u00ean 2 tri\u1ec7u<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">S\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u1edbt trong n\u1ea5u \u0103n<\/h2>\n\n<p>\u1edat \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng trong nhi\u1ec1u m\u00f3n \u0103n kh\u00e1c nhau tr\u00ean th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi. Ch\u00fang c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00eam v\u00e0o s\u00fap, m\u00f3n h\u1ea7m, n\u01b0\u1edbc s\u1ed1t v\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc x\u1ed1t \u01b0\u1edbp. \u1edat c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m salsa, n\u01b0\u1edbc s\u1ed1t cay v\u00e0 b\u1ed9t \u1edbt.<\/p>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u00dd ngh\u0129a v\u0103n h\u00f3a c\u1ee7a \u1edbt<\/h2>\n\n<p>\u1edat c\u00f3 \u00fd ngh\u0129a v\u0103n h\u00f3a s\u00e2u s\u1eafc \u1edf nhi\u1ec1u n\u01a1i tr\u00ean th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi. V\u00ed d\u1ee5, \u1edf Mexico, \u1edbt \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c coi l\u00e0 bi\u1ec3u t\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 nam t\u00ednh v\u00e0 s\u1ee9c m\u1ea1nh. \u1ede \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9, \u1edbt \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng trong c\u00e1c nghi l\u1ec5 t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o v\u00e0 l\u1ec5 h\u1ed9i.<\/p>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">T\u01b0\u01a1ng lai c\u1ee7a \u1edbt<\/h2>\n\n<p>\u1edat l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1i tr\u00e1i c\u00e2y linh ho\u1ea1t v\u00e0 c\u00f3 h\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u1ecb v\u1edbi l\u1ecbch s\u1eed l\u00e2u \u0111\u1eddi v\u00e0 phong ph\u00fa. Khi c\u00e1c nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 nh\u1eefng l\u1ee3i \u00edch s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe c\u1ee7a \u1edbt, th\u00ec kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ch\u00fang s\u1ebd ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng tr\u1edf n\u00ean ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn h\u01a1n. Ngo\u00e0i ra, c\u00e1c gi\u1ed1ng \u1edbt m\u1edbi li\u00ean t\u1ee5c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n, mang \u0111\u1ebfn cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi ti\u00eau d\u00f9ng nhi\u1ec1u l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn h\u01a1n.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u1edat: Tr\u00e1i c\u00e2y cay c\u00f3 b\u1ec1 d\u00e0y l\u1ecbch s\u1eed Capsaicin: H\u1ee3p ch\u1ea5t h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc t\u1ea1o n\u00ean v\u1ecb cay c\u1ee7a \u1edbt Capsaicin l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t h\u1ee3p ch\u1ea5t c\u00f3 trong \u1edbt, t\u1ea1o n\u00ean&hellip;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[288],"tags":[3078,97,27,3079,147,113,136],"class_list":["post-1379","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-biology","tag-capsaicin","tag-science","tag-history","tag-chili-peppers","tag-health","tag-food","tag-evolution"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1379","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=1379"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1379\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":1380,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1379\/revisions\/1380"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1379"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=1379"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=1379"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}