{"id":138,"date":"2021-07-28T09:43:08","date_gmt":"2021-07-28T09:43:08","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/?p=138"},"modified":"2021-07-28T09:43:08","modified_gmt":"2021-07-28T09:43:08","slug":"bachs-forgotten-horn-recreated-using-computer-software","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/science\/music-and-technology\/bachs-forgotten-horn-recreated-using-computer-software\/","title":{"rendered":"K\u00e8n Lituus b\u1ecb l\u00e3ng qu\u00ean c\u1ee7a Bach: B\u00ed \u1ea9n \u00e2m nh\u1ea1c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c khoa h\u1ecdc gi\u1ea3i m\u00e3"},"content":{"rendered":"

K\u00e8n Lituus b\u1ecb l\u00e3ng qu\u00ean c\u1ee7a Bach: B\u00ed \u1ea9n \u00e2m nh\u1ea1c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c khoa h\u1ecdc gi\u1ea3i m\u00e3<\/h2>\n\n

V\u00e0o n\u0103m 1737, Johann Sebastian Bach \u0111\u00e3 s\u00e1ng t\u00e1c m\u1ed9t b\u1ea3n cantata c\u00f3 l\u1eddi k\u00eau g\u1ecdi s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng hai lo\u1ea1i nh\u1ea1c c\u1ee5 b\u00ed \u1ea9n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 “Lituus”. Tuy nhi\u00ean, k\u00e8n Lituus \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ecb l\u00e3ng qu\u00ean trong nhi\u1ec1u th\u1ebf k\u1ef7, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 v\u00ed d\u1ee5 hay h\u00ecnh minh h\u1ecda n\u00e0o \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00f2n s\u00f3t l\u1ea1i.<\/p>\n\n

K\u00e8n Lituus: M\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1i nh\u1ea1c c\u1ee5 b\u1eb1ng \u0111\u1ed3ng b\u1ecb l\u00e3ng qu\u00ean<\/h2>\n\n

K\u00e8n Lituus l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1i nh\u1ea1c c\u1ee5 b\u1eb1ng \u0111\u1ed3ng, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00e0m b\u1eb1ng g\u1ed7, t\u1eebng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u01a1i \u1edf La M\u00e3 c\u1ed5 \u0111\u1ea1i. N\u00f3 c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t \u1ed1ng chu\u00f4ng d\u00e0i, loe ra v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t \u1ed1ng ng\u1eadm l\u00e0m b\u1eb1ng s\u1eebng b\u00f2. M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i l\u00e0 nh\u1ea1c c\u1ee5 b\u1eb1ng \u0111\u1ed3ng, nh\u01b0ng k\u00e8n Lituus c\u00f3 \u00e2m thanh v\u00e0 k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt ch\u01a1i \u0111\u1ed9c \u0111\u00e1o, kh\u00e1c v\u1edbi c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i nh\u1ea1c c\u1ee5 b\u1eb1ng \u0111\u1ed3ng kh\u00e1c.<\/p>\n\n

T\u00e1i t\u1ea1o k\u00e8n Lituus b\u1eb1ng ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m m\u00e1y t\u00ednh<\/h2>\n\n

V\u00e0o n\u0103m 2011, c\u00e1c nh\u1ea1c s\u0129 t\u1ea1i Schola Cantorum Basiliensis (SCB) \u1edf Th\u1ee5y S\u0129 \u0111\u00e3 t\u00ecm c\u00e1ch t\u00e1i t\u1ea1o k\u00e8n Lituus \u0111\u1ec3 bi\u1ec3u di\u1ec5n b\u1ea3n cantata c\u1ee7a Bach. H\u1ecd \u0111\u00e3 h\u1ee3p t\u00e1c v\u1edbi c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc t\u1ea1i \u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc Edinburgh, nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n m\u1ed9t ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh m\u00e1y t\u00ednh \u0111\u1ec3 h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i nh\u1ea1c c\u1ee5 b\u1eb1ng \u0111\u1ed3ng hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i.<\/p>\n\n

SCB cung c\u1ea5p cho c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc c\u00e1c y\u00eau c\u1ea7u thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf chi ti\u1ebft, bao g\u1ed3m c\u00e1c n\u1ed1t nh\u1ea1c s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u01a1i tr\u00ean k\u00e8n Lituus, \u0111\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m \u00e2m thanh c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 v\u00e0 c\u00e1ch ch\u01a1i nh\u1ea1c c\u1ee5 n\u00e0y. C\u00e1c nh\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc \u0111\u00e3 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng th\u00f4ng tin n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o ra m\u1ed9t chi\u1ebfc k\u00e8n d\u00e0i hai m\u00e9t r\u01b0\u1ee1i l\u00e0m b\u1eb1ng g\u1ed7 th\u00f4ng v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t \u1ed1ng chu\u00f4ng loe ra v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t \u1ed1ng ng\u1eadm l\u00e0m b\u1eb1ng s\u1eebng b\u00f2.<\/p>\n\n

\u00c2m thanh c\u1ee7a k\u00e8n Lituus<\/h2>\n\n

Chi\u1ebfc k\u00e8n Lituus t\u00e1i t\u1ea1o \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 bi\u1ec3u di\u1ec5n b\u1ea3n cantata c\u1ee7a Bach v\u00e0o \u0111\u1ea7u n\u0103m nay. C\u00e1c tr\u00edch \u0111o\u1ea1n c\u1ee7a bu\u1ed5i bi\u1ec3u di\u1ec5n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nghe tr\u1ef1c tuy\u1ebfn. \u00c2m thanh c\u1ee7a k\u00e8n Lituus r\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ed9c \u0111\u00e1o v\u00e0 \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t, v\u1edbi \u00e2m s\u1eafc s\u00e1ng, ch\u00f3i tai kh\u00f4ng gi\u1ed1ng b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 lo\u1ea1i nh\u1ea1c c\u1ee5 b\u1eb1ng \u0111\u1ed3ng n\u00e0o kh\u00e1c.<\/p>\n\n

K\u00e8n Lituus ng\u00e0y nay<\/h2>\n\n

Chi\u1ebfc k\u00e8n Lituus t\u00e1i t\u1ea1o l\u00e0 minh ch\u1ee9ng cho s\u1ee9c m\u1ea1nh c\u1ee7a c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 m\u00e1y t\u00ednh v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 h\u1ee3p t\u00e1c gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c nh\u1ea1c s\u0129 v\u00e0 nh\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc. M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng trong nhi\u1ec1u bu\u1ed5i bi\u1ec3u di\u1ec5n, v\u00ec b\u1ea3n cantata c\u1ee7a Bach l\u00e0 t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m c\u00f2n s\u00f3t l\u1ea1i duy nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00f3 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng nh\u1ea1c c\u1ee5 n\u00e0y, nh\u01b0ng ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh m\u00e1y t\u00ednh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o ra n\u00f3 c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng h\u00f3a thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf nh\u1ea1c c\u1ee5 b\u1eb1ng \u0111\u1ed3ng.<\/p>\n\n

Ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m m\u00e1y t\u00ednh \u0111\u1ec3 thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf nh\u1ea1c c\u1ee5<\/h2>\n\n

Ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh m\u00e1y t\u00ednh do c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc t\u1ea1i \u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc Edinburgh ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 gi\u00fap c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t nh\u1ea1c c\u1ee5 b\u1eb1ng \u0111\u1ed3ng tinh ch\u1ec9nh thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng nhu c\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u01a1i nh\u1ea1c kh\u00f3 t\u00ednh. Ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ph\u00e2n t\u00edch c\u00e1c \u0111\u1eb7c t\u00ednh \u00e2m h\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t nh\u1ea1c c\u1ee5 v\u00e0 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00e1c khu v\u1ef1c c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 thay \u0111\u1ed5i \u0111\u1ec3 c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n \u00e2m thanh ho\u1eb7c kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ch\u01a1i c\u1ee7a nh\u1ea1c c\u1ee5 \u0111\u00f3.<\/p>\n\n

Vai tr\u00f2 c\u1ee7a chuy\u00ean m\u00f4n con ng\u01b0\u1eddi<\/h2>\n\n

M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m m\u00e1y t\u00ednh c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf nh\u1ea1c c\u1ee5 b\u1eb1ng \u0111\u1ed3ng, nh\u01b0ng \u0111i\u1ec1u quan tr\u1ecdng c\u1ea7n l\u01b0u \u00fd l\u00e0 chuy\u00ean m\u00f4n c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u1eabn r\u1ea5t c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft. Nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi chuy\u00ean s\u1eeda ch\u1eefa nh\u1ea1c c\u1ee5 c\u00f3 hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft s\u00e2u s\u1eafc v\u1ec1 c\u00e1ch c\u00e1c b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn kh\u00e1c nhau c\u1ee7a nh\u1ea1c c\u1ee5 \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn \u00e2m thanh v\u00e0 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ch\u01a1i c\u1ee7a nh\u1ea1c c\u1ee5 \u0111\u00f3. H\u1ecd c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c gi\u00fap c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t nh\u1ea1c c\u1ee5.<\/p>\n\n

Ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n r\u00f2 r\u1ec9 b\u1eb1ng ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh m\u00e1y t\u00ednh<\/h2>\n\n

Ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh m\u00e1y t\u00ednh do c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc t\u1ea1i \u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc Edinburgh ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng ti\u1ec1m n\u0103ng kh\u00e1c: ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n r\u00f2 r\u1ec9 trong c\u00e1c t\u00f2a nh\u00e0. Ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00e2n t\u00edch c\u00e1c \u0111\u1eb7c t\u00ednh \u00e2m h\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u1ed1ng v\u00e0 \u1ed1ng d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ec3 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00e1c khu v\u1ef1c c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 x\u1ea3y ra r\u00f2 r\u1ec9. C\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 gi\u00fap gi\u1ea3m thi\u1ec3u thi\u1ec7t h\u1ea1i do n\u01b0\u1edbc g\u00e2y ra v\u00e0 c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c t\u00f2a nh\u00e0.<\/p>\n\n

K\u1ebft lu\u1eadn<\/h2>\n\n

Vi\u1ec7c t\u00e1i t\u1ea1o k\u00e8n Lituus b\u1eb1ng ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m m\u00e1y t\u00ednh l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t v\u00ed d\u1ee5 h\u1ea5p d\u1eabn v\u1ec1 c\u00e1ch s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft c\u00e1c b\u00ed \u1ea9n \u00e2m nh\u1ea1c v\u00e0 th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf nh\u1ea1c c\u1ee5. M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 b\u1ea3n th\u00e2n k\u00e8n Lituus c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 v\u1eabn l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t nh\u1ea1c c\u1ee5 hi\u1ebfm v\u00e0 b\u1ecb l\u00e3ng qu\u00ean, nh\u01b0ng ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh m\u00e1y t\u00ednh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o ra n\u00f3 c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng t\u1ea1o ra t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ebfn th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi \u00e2m nh\u1ea1c v\u00e0 h\u01a1n th\u1ebf n\u1eefa.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

K\u00e8n Lituus b\u1ecb l\u00e3ng qu\u00ean c\u1ee7a Bach: B\u00ed \u1ea9n \u00e2m nh\u1ea1c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c khoa h\u1ecdc gi\u1ea3i m\u00e3 V\u00e0o n\u0103m 1737, Johann Sebastian Bach \u0111\u00e3 s\u00e1ng t\u00e1c m\u1ed9t b\u1ea3n cantata c\u00f3 l\u1eddi…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[393],"tags":[392,387,390,389,388,391],"class_list":["post-138","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-music-and-technology","tag-music-and-science","tag-bach","tag-computer-software","tag-brass-instruments","tag-lituus","tag-instrument-design"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/138","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=138"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/138\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":139,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/138\/revisions\/139"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=138"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=138"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=138"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}