{"id":1385,"date":"2023-10-30T07:17:40","date_gmt":"2023-10-30T07:17:40","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/?p=1385"},"modified":"2023-10-30T07:17:40","modified_gmt":"2023-10-30T07:17:40","slug":"clocks-timekeeping-history-and-the-master-horologist","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/science\/horology\/clocks-timekeeping-history-and-the-master-horologist\/","title":{"rendered":"B\u1eadc th\u1ea7y ch\u1ebf t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed3ng h\u1ed3: l\u1ecbch s\u1eed c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ed3ng h\u1ed3 v\u00e0 ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt s\u1eeda ch\u1eefa t\u1ea1i Manhattan"},"content":{"rendered":"

L\u1ecbch s\u1eed \u0111\u1ed3ng h\u1ed3 v\u00e0 b\u1eadc th\u1ea7y ch\u1ebf t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed3ng h\u1ed3<\/h2>\n\n

S\u1eeda ch\u1eefa \u0111\u1ed3ng h\u1ed3 t\u1ea1i trung t\u00e2m Manhattan<\/h2>\n\n

John Metcalfe, m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u1ee3 s\u1eeda \u0111\u1ed3ng h\u1ed3 l\u00e0nh ngh\u1ec1, \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t \u0111i\u1ec3m nh\u1ea5n \u1edf khu t\u00e0i ch\u00ednh c\u1ee7a th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 New York trong h\u01a1n m\u1ed9t th\u1eadp k\u1ef7. M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 khu v\u1ef1c n\u00e0y n\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 h\u1ed1i h\u1ea3, c\u1eeda h\u00e0ng s\u1eeda \u0111\u1ed3ng h\u1ed3 c\u1ed5 k\u00ednh c\u1ee7a Metcalfe l\u1ea1i mang \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ed9t n\u01a1i \u1ea9n n\u00e1u kh\u1ecfi gu\u1ed3ng quay kh\u00f4ng ng\u1eebng ngh\u1ec9.<\/p>\n\n

S\u1ef1 h\u1ea5p d\u1eabn v\u01b0\u1ee3t th\u1eddi gian c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ed3ng h\u1ed3<\/h2>\n\n

Ni\u1ec1m \u0111am m\u00ea \u0111\u1ed3ng h\u1ed3 c\u1ee7a Metcalfe b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u t\u1eeb th\u1eddi th\u01a1 \u1ea5u, khi anh ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n ra m\u1ed9t chi\u1ebfc \u0111\u1ed3ng h\u1ed3 b\u00e1o th\u1ee9c h\u1ecfng trong nh\u00e0 kho \u1edf khu v\u01b0\u1eddn c\u1ee7a b\u00e0 m\u00ecnh. S\u1ef1 t\u00f2 m\u00f2 v\u1ec1 c\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0a anh v\u00e0o m\u1ed9t h\u00e0nh tr\u00ecnh tr\u1ecdn \u0111\u1eddi v\u1edbi vai tr\u00f2 l\u00e0 b\u1eadc th\u1ea7y ph\u1ee5c ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed3ng h\u1ed3 c\u1ed5.<\/p>\n\n

\u0110\u1ed3ng h\u1ed3 nh\u01b0 nh\u1eefng hi\u1ec7n v\u1eadt l\u1ecbch s\u1eed<\/h2>\n\n

Nh\u1eefng c\u1eeda h\u00e0ng s\u1eeda \u0111\u1ed3ng h\u1ed3 t\u1eebng ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n m\u1ea1nh \u1edf H\u1ea1 Manhattan, ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 c\u00e1c m\u00e1y \u0111o th\u1eddi gian tr\u00ean nh\u1eefng con thuy\u1ec1n bu\u1ed3m neo \u0111\u1eadu trong th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1. S\u1ef1 hi\u1ec7n di\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a Metcalfe trong khu v\u1ef1c n\u00e0y ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 minh ch\u1ee9ng cho t\u1ea7m quan tr\u1ecdng l\u1ecbch s\u1eed c\u1ee7a vi\u1ec7c t\u00ednh gi\u1edd \u1edf th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 New York.<\/p>\n\n

C\u01a1 ch\u1ebf v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh c\u1ee7a th\u1eddi gian<\/h2>\n\n

V\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt, \u0111\u1ed3ng h\u1ed3 ch\u1ec9 gi\u1edd, trong khi c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ed3ng h\u1ed3 kh\u00e1c s\u1ebd \u0111i\u1ec3m chu\u00f4ng ho\u1eb7c \u0111\u1ed5 chu\u00f4ng. Ph\u00e1t minh ra l\u00f2 xo d\u00e2y t\u00f3c di \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u00e3 c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng h\u00f3a vi\u1ec7c t\u00ednh gi\u1edd, cung c\u1ea5p m\u1ed9t ngu\u1ed3n n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u00e1ng tin c\u1eady cho \u0111\u1ed3ng h\u1ed3. B\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn tho\u00e1t, d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh vi\u1ec7c gi\u1ea3i ph\u00f3ng n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng, t\u1ea1o ra \u00e2m thanh t\u00edch t\u1eafc \u0111\u1eb7c tr\u01b0ng.<\/p>\n\n

\u0110\u1ed3ng h\u1ed3 nh\u01b0 nh\u1eefng hi\u1ec7n v\u1eadt v\u0103n h\u00f3a<\/h2>\n\n

\u0110\u1ed3ng h\u1ed3 \u0111\u00e3 t\u00f4 \u0111i\u1ec3m cho c\u00e1c b\u1ee9c ch\u00e2n dung v\u00e0 l\u00e0 bi\u1ec3u t\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ecba v\u1ecb x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i k\u1ec3 t\u1eeb th\u1eddi Ph\u1ee5c h\u01b0ng. Ch\u00fang t\u01b0\u1ee3ng tr\u01b0ng cho gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb c\u1ee7a th\u1eddi gian v\u00e0 mong mu\u1ed1n ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t s\u1ef1 tr\u00f4i qua c\u1ee7a th\u1eddi gian. V\u00e0o th\u1eddi Trung c\u1ed5, \u0111\u1ed3ng h\u1ed3 c\u01a1 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh bi\u1ec3u t\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a tr\u1eadt t\u1ef1 x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i, \u0111\u1ed3ng b\u1ed9 h\u00f3a c\u00e1c h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi theo m\u1ed9t l\u1ecbch tr\u00ecnh ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c.<\/p>\n\n

T\u1ea7m quan tr\u1ecdng c\u1ee7a vi\u1ec7c b\u1ea3o tr\u00ec \u0111\u1ed3ng h\u1ed3<\/h2>\n\n

\u0110\u1ed3ng h\u1ed3 c\u1ed5 \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi s\u1ef1 ch\u0103m s\u00f3c t\u1ec9 m\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o tu\u1ed5i th\u1ecd l\u00e2u d\u00e0i. Tay ngh\u1ec1 chuy\u00ean m\u00f4n c\u1ee7a Metcalfe v\u1ec1 vi\u1ec7c l\u00ean d\u00e2y c\u00f3t, tra d\u1ea7u v\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o r\u1eb1ng nh\u1eefng chi\u1ebfc \u0111\u1ed3ng h\u1ed3 qu\u00fd gi\u00e1 n\u00e0y s\u1ebd ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng ho\u00e0n h\u1ea3o.<\/p>\n\n

Vai tr\u00f2 c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ed3ng h\u1ed3 trong l\u1ecbch s\u1eed lo\u00e0i ng\u01b0\u1eddi<\/h2>\n\n

B\u00e0i ti\u1ec3u lu\u1eadn c\u1ee7a Lewis Mumford c\u00f3 t\u1ef1a \u0111\u1ec1 “The Monastery and the Clock” (Tu vi\u1ec7n v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed3ng h\u1ed3) nh\u1ea5n m\u1ea1nh \u0111\u1ebfn t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng s\u00e2u s\u1eafc c\u1ee7a vi\u1ec7c \u0111o th\u1eddi gian \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi n\u1ec1n v\u0103n minh lo\u00e0i ng\u01b0\u1eddi. \u0110\u1ed3ng h\u1ed3 \u0111\u00e3 cho ph\u00e9p ch\u00fang ta \u0111o l\u01b0\u1eddng, s\u1eafp x\u1ebfp v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ecbnh gi\u00e1 th\u1eddi gian, \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u00ecnh cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng th\u01b0\u1eddng ng\u00e0y c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta.<\/p>\n\n

S\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n 11\/9 v\u00e0 s\u1ee9c b\u1ec1n c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ed3ng h\u1ed3<\/h2>\n\n

V\u00e0o ng\u00e0y 11 th\u00e1ng 9 n\u0103m 2001, Metcalfe \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ee9ng ki\u1ebfn c\u1ea3nh s\u1ee5p \u0111\u1ed5 c\u1ee7a Trung t\u00e2m Th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea1i Th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi t\u1eeb c\u1eeda s\u1ed5 c\u1eeda h\u00e0ng c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh. Th\u1eadt k\u1ef3 di\u1ec7u, nh\u1eefng chi\u1ebfc \u0111\u1ed3ng h\u1ed3 trong x\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a anh \u0111\u00e3 s\u1ed1ng s\u00f3t sau v\u1ee5 va ch\u1ea1m v\u00e0 v\u1eabn ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c ch\u1ea1y, minh ch\u1ee9ng cho s\u1ee9c b\u1ec1n c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang v\u00e0 s\u1ee9c m\u1ea1nh tr\u01b0\u1eddng t\u1ed3n c\u1ee7a th\u1eddi gian.<\/p>\n\n

Ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt ph\u1ee5c ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed3ng h\u1ed3<\/h2>\n\n

X\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a Metcalfe l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t kho b\u00e1u ch\u1ee9a \u0111\u1ea7y nh\u1eefng chi\u1ebfc \u0111\u1ed3ng h\u1ed3 tinh x\u1ea3o. M\u1ed7i chi\u1ebfc \u0111\u1ed3ng h\u1ed3 \u0111\u1ec1u k\u1ec3 m\u1ed9t c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ed9c \u0111\u00e1o, t\u1eeb nh\u1eefng chi\u1ebfc \u0111\u1ed3ng h\u1ed3 ki\u1ec3u g\u00f4-t\u00edch c\u1ee7a Ph\u00e1p \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u1eefng chi\u1ebfc \u0111\u1ed3ng h\u1ed3 banjo \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t h\u00e0ng lo\u1ea1t \u1edf M\u1ef9. V\u1edbi nh\u1eefng c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 th\u1ee7 c\u00f4ng l\u00e2u \u0111\u1eddi v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 t\u1ec9 m\u1ec9, Metcalfe \u0111\u00e3 th\u1ed5i m\u1ed9t lu\u1ed3ng sinh kh\u00ed m\u1edbi v\u00e0o nh\u1eefng k\u1ef3 quan c\u01a1 h\u1ecdc n\u00e0y.<\/p>\n\n

Di s\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a ng\u00e0nh \u0111o th\u1eddi gian<\/h2>\n\n

Trong su\u1ed1t chi\u1ec1u d\u00e0i l\u1ecbch s\u1eed, \u0111\u1ed3ng h\u1ed3 \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u00f3ng m\u1ed9t vai tr\u00f2 quan tr\u1ecdng trong vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u00ecnh n\u1ec1n v\u0103n minh lo\u00e0i ng\u01b0\u1eddi. Ch\u00fang \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u00e1nh d\u1ea5u s\u1ef1 tr\u00f4i qua c\u1ee7a th\u1eddi gian, \u0111\u1ed3ng b\u1ed9 h\u00f3a c\u00e1c h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta v\u00e0 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh nh\u1eefng bi\u1ec3u t\u01b0\u1ee3ng ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt v\u00e0 v\u0103n h\u00f3a. S\u1ef1 t\u1eadn t\u1ee5y c\u1ee7a Metcalfe trong vi\u1ec7c b\u1ea3o t\u1ed3n v\u00e0 ph\u1ee5c ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed3ng h\u1ed3 c\u1ed5 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o r\u1eb1ng di s\u1ea3n n\u00e0y s\u1ebd ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c truy\u1ec1n c\u1ea3m h\u1ee9ng cho c\u00e1c th\u1ebf h\u1ec7 t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

L\u1ecbch s\u1eed \u0111\u1ed3ng h\u1ed3 v\u00e0 b\u1eadc th\u1ea7y ch\u1ebf t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed3ng h\u1ed3 S\u1eeda ch\u1eefa \u0111\u1ed3ng h\u1ed3 t\u1ea1i trung t\u00e2m Manhattan John Metcalfe, m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u1ee3 s\u1eeda \u0111\u1ed3ng h\u1ed3 l\u00e0nh ngh\u1ec1, \u0111\u00e3…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":6,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[3095],"tags":[3093,3089,3090,3088,3091,27,3092,3094],"class_list":["post-1385","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-horology","tag-9-11","tag-horology","tag-timekeeping","tag-clocks","tag-antique-clocks","tag-history","tag-clock-repair","tag-time-and-civilization"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1385","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/6"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=1385"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1385\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":1386,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1385\/revisions\/1386"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1385"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=1385"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=1385"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}