{"id":13852,"date":"2024-06-04T11:01:02","date_gmt":"2024-06-04T11:01:02","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/?p=13852"},"modified":"2024-06-04T11:01:02","modified_gmt":"2024-06-04T11:01:02","slug":"why-chimpanzees-and-humans-look-so-different-a-genetic-journey","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/science\/biology\/why-chimpanzees-and-humans-look-so-different-a-genetic-journey\/","title":{"rendered":"Tinh tinh v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi: 99% DNA gi\u1ed1ng nhau nh\u01b0ng ngo\u1ea1i h\u00ecnh l\u1ea1i kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t – H\u00e0nh tr\u00ecnh di truy\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u00ecnh n\u00ean ch\u00fang ta"},"content":{"rendered":"

T\u1ea1i sao tinh tinh v\u00e0 con ng\u01b0\u1eddi tr\u00f4ng kh\u00e1c nhau \u0111\u1ebfn v\u1eady: H\u00e0nh tr\u00ecnh di truy\u1ec1n<\/h2>\n\n

\u0110\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m khu\u00f4n m\u1eb7t: C\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 bi\u1ec3u hi\u1ec7n gen<\/h2>\n\n

Tinh tinh v\u00e0 con ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 di truy\u1ec1n c\u1ef1c k\u1ef3 g\u1ea7n g\u0169i, v\u1edbi 99% DNA c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang gi\u1ed1ng h\u1ec7t nhau. Tuy nhi\u00ean, c\u00e1c \u0111\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m khu\u00f4n m\u1eb7t c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang l\u1ea1i k\u1ec3 m\u1ed9t c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n kh\u00e1c, v\u1edbi tinh tinh c\u00f3 \u0111\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m l\u00e0 l\u00f4ng m\u00e0y n\u1ed5i b\u1eadt, tai l\u1edbn, m\u0169i t\u1eb9t v\u00e0 nhi\u1ec1u l\u00f4ng. C\u00e1c nh\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc cho r\u1eb1ng nh\u1eefng kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t n\u00e0y l\u00e0 do s\u1ef1 bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i trong bi\u1ec3u hi\u1ec7n gen, qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh m\u00e0 gen \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c k\u00edch ho\u1ea1t v\u00e0 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o ra protein.<\/p>\n\n

C\u00e1c nh\u00e0 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u t\u1ea1i \u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc Stanford \u0111\u00e3 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c kho\u1ea3ng 1.000 nh\u00f3m gen \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bi\u1ec3u hi\u1ec7n kh\u00e1c nhau trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n khu\u00f4n m\u1eb7t \u1edf tinh tinh v\u00e0 con ng\u01b0\u1eddi. Nh\u1eefng kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t v\u1ec1 di truy\u1ec1n n\u00e0y d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c ki\u1ec3u h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh x\u01b0\u01a1ng, s\u1ee5n v\u00e0 m\u00f4 khu\u00f4n m\u1eb7t kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t. V\u00ed d\u1ee5, tinh tinh bi\u1ec3u hi\u1ec7n hai gen li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn chi\u1ec1u d\u00e0i v\u00e0 h\u00ecnh d\u1ea1ng m\u0169i m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd h\u01a1n con ng\u01b0\u1eddi, d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn m\u0169i c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang d\u00e0i h\u01a1n v\u00e0 t\u1eb9t h\u01a1n.<\/p>\n\n

T\u1ebf b\u00e0o m\u00e0o th\u1ea7n kinh: Ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac s\u01b0 c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 \u0111a d\u1ea1ng khu\u00f4n m\u1eb7t<\/h2>\n\n

T\u1ebf b\u00e0o m\u00e0o th\u1ea7n kinh l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1i t\u1ebf b\u00e0o quan tr\u1ecdng g\u00f3p ph\u1ea7n v\u00e0o s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u00e1c \u0111\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m khu\u00f4n m\u1eb7t. Nh\u1eefng t\u1ebf b\u00e0o n\u00e0y di chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn kh\u00e1c nhau c\u1ee7a ph\u00f4i v\u00e0 cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng t\u1ea1o ra x\u01b0\u01a1ng, s\u1ee5n v\u00e0 m\u00f4 khu\u00f4n m\u1eb7t. Nh\u00f3m c\u1ee7a Prescott \u0111\u00e3 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u s\u1ef1 bi\u1ec3u hi\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a gen trong c\u00e1c t\u1ebf b\u00e0o m\u00e0o th\u1ea7n kinh khi ch\u00fang ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n, ti\u1ebft l\u1ed9 c\u01a1 s\u1edf di truy\u1ec1n cho s\u1ef1 \u0111a d\u1ea1ng c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c \u0111\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m khu\u00f4n m\u1eb7t gi\u1eefa tinh tinh v\u00e0 con ng\u01b0\u1eddi.<\/p>\n\n

Vai: C\u1eeda s\u1ed5 ti\u1ebfn v\u00e0o qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9 ti\u1ebfn h\u00f3a c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta<\/h2>\n\n

Khu\u00f4n m\u1eb7t kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn duy nh\u1ea5t tr\u00ean c\u01a1 th\u1ec3 ph\u1ea3n \u00e1nh ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c chung c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta. C\u00e1c nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u v\u1ec1 x\u01b0\u01a1ng vai c\u1ee7a Ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u01b0\u1ee3n ph\u01b0\u01a1ng Nam cho th\u1ea5y r\u1eb1ng con ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 \u0111\u00f4i vai “nguy\u00ean th\u1ee7y” h\u01a1n tinh tinh ho\u1eb7c kh\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ed9t, gi\u1ed1ng v\u1edbi vai c\u1ee7a lo\u00e0i kh\u1ec9. Nh\u1eefng thay \u0111\u1ed5i n\u00e0y, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y b\u1edfi vi\u1ec7c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5, \u0111\u00e3 t\u1ea1o \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n thu\u1eadn l\u1ee3i cho kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng n\u00e9m \u0111\u1ed3 v\u1eadt c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta, \u0111\u00f3ng vai tr\u00f2 ch\u1ee7 ch\u1ed1t trong vi\u1ec7c s\u0103n b\u1eaft v\u00e0 t\u1ef1 v\u1ec7.<\/p>\n\n

C\u00e2u \u0111\u1ed1 ti\u1ebfn h\u00f3a: Gi\u1ea3i m\u00e3 ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c chung c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta<\/h2>\n\n

Nh\u1eefng kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t v\u1ec1 di truy\u1ec1n gi\u1eefa tinh tinh v\u00e0 con ng\u01b0\u1eddi cung c\u1ea5p nh\u1eefng hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb v\u1ec1 l\u1ecbch s\u1eed ti\u1ebfn h\u00f3a c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta. B\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch ph\u00e2n t\u00edch c\u00e1c ki\u1ec3u bi\u1ec3u hi\u1ec7n gen, c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u1ea7n theo d\u1ea5u v\u1ebft c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng thay \u0111\u1ed5i \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u00ecnh n\u00ean c\u00e1c \u0111\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m th\u1ec3 ch\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ed9c \u0111\u00e1o c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta. Cu\u1ed9c t\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm t\u1ed5 ti\u00ean chung c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta v\u1eabn \u0111ang ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c, nh\u01b0ng b\u1eb1ng ch\u1ee9ng di truy\u1ec1n cung c\u1ea5p nh\u1eefng manh m\u1ed1i h\u1ea5p d\u1eabn v\u1ec1 ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c c\u1ee7a lo\u00e0i ch\u00fang ta.<\/p>\n\n

K\u1ebft lu\u1eadn:<\/h2>\n\n

Nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m khu\u00f4n m\u1eb7t t\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a tinh tinh v\u00e0 con ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e0 minh ch\u1ee9ng cho s\u1ee9c m\u1ea1nh c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 bi\u1ec3u hi\u1ec7n gen trong vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u00ecnh ngo\u1ea1i h\u00ecnh th\u1ec3 ch\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta. C\u00e1c nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u v\u1ec1 t\u1ebf b\u00e0o m\u00e0o th\u1ea7n kinh v\u00e0 x\u01b0\u01a1ng vai ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c l\u00e0m s\u00e1ng t\u1ecf h\u00e0nh tr\u00ecnh ti\u1ebfn h\u00f3a \u0111\u00e3 d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c \u0111\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m ri\u00eang bi\u1ec7t c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta. Khi c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc \u0111i s\u00e2u h\u01a1n v\u00e0o m\u00e3 di truy\u1ec1n, ch\u00fang ta s\u1ebd ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c hi\u1ec3u r\u00f5 h\u01a1n v\u1ec1 v\u1ecb tr\u00ed c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh trong th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

T\u1ea1i sao tinh tinh v\u00e0 con ng\u01b0\u1eddi tr\u00f4ng kh\u00e1c nhau \u0111\u1ebfn v\u1eady: H\u00e0nh tr\u00ecnh di truy\u1ec1n \u0110\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m khu\u00f4n m\u1eb7t: C\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 bi\u1ec3u hi\u1ec7n gen Tinh tinh v\u00e0…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":23589,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[288],"tags":[1820,18635,188,1333,99,18636,136,1038],"class_list":["post-13852","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-biology","tag-gene-expression","tag-facial-features","tag-genetics","tag-humans","tag-lifescienceart","tag-neural-crest-cells","tag-evolution","tag-chimpanzees"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/13852","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=13852"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/13852\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":13853,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/13852\/revisions\/13853"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/23589"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=13852"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=13852"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=13852"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}