{"id":13923,"date":"2021-12-16T20:11:26","date_gmt":"2021-12-16T20:11:26","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/?p=13923"},"modified":"2021-12-16T20:11:26","modified_gmt":"2021-12-16T20:11:26","slug":"dog-domestication-two-wolf-populations","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/science\/biology\/dog-domestication-two-wolf-populations\/","title":{"rendered":"Nh\u1eefng ch\u00fa ch\u00f3: H\u1eadu du\u1ec7 c\u1ee7a hai \u0111\u00e0n s\u00f3i?"},"content":{"rendered":"

Nh\u1eefng ch\u00fa ch\u00f3: H\u1eadu du\u1ec7 c\u1ee7a hai qu\u1ea7n th\u1ec3 s\u00f3i?<\/h2>\n\n

Nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u m\u1edbi l\u00e0m s\u00e1ng t\u1ecf qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh thu\u1ea7n h\u00f3a ch\u00f3<\/h2>\n\n

C\u00e1c nh\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc t\u1eeb l\u00e2u \u0111\u00e3 t\u00ecm c\u00e1ch gi\u1ea3i m\u00e3 b\u00ed \u1ea9n v\u1ec1 c\u00e1ch v\u00e0 n\u01a1i nh\u1eefng ch\u00fa ch\u00f3 ti\u1ebfn h\u00f3a t\u1eeb lo\u00e0i s\u00f3i \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ea1n \u0111\u1ed3ng h\u00e0nh \u0111\u00e1ng y\u00eau c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta. M\u1ed9t nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u g\u1ea7n \u0111\u00e2y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00f4ng b\u1ed1 tr\u00ean Nature \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ed5 sung m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n quan tr\u1ecdng v\u00e0o c\u00e2u \u0111\u1ed1 n\u00e0y, cho r\u1eb1ng nh\u1eefng ch\u00fa ch\u00f3 hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u00e3 b\u1eaft ngu\u1ed3n t\u1eeb hai qu\u1ea7n th\u1ec3 s\u00f3i c\u1ed5 \u0111\u1ea1i ri\u00eang bi\u1ec7t.<\/p>\n\n

C\u00e2y ph\u1ea3 h\u1ec7 s\u00f3i c\u1ed5 \u0111\u1ea1i<\/h2>\n\n

Nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u \u0111\u00e3 ph\u00e2n t\u00edch b\u1ed9 gen c\u1ee7a 72 c\u00e1 th\u1ec3 s\u00f3i c\u1ed5 \u0111\u1ea1i s\u1ed1ng \u1edf Ch\u00e2u \u00c2u, Siberia v\u00e0 B\u1eafc M\u1ef9 trong 100.000 n\u0103m qua. B\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch so s\u00e1nh c\u00e1c b\u1ed9 gen n\u00e0y v\u1edbi DNA c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng ch\u00fa ch\u00f3 ng\u00e0y nay, c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u \u0111\u00e3 t\u1ea1o ra m\u1ed9t c\u00e2y ph\u1ea3 h\u1ec7 di truy\u1ec1n cung c\u1ea5p th\u00f4ng tin chi ti\u1ebft v\u1ec1 t\u1ed5 ti\u00ean c\u1ee7a lo\u00e0i s\u00f3i v\u00e0o th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m nh\u1eefng ch\u00fa ch\u00f3 xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n.<\/p>\n\n

Hai qu\u1ea7n th\u1ec3 s\u00f3i ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c<\/h2>\n\n

Nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u ti\u1ebft l\u1ed9 r\u1eb1ng nh\u1eefng ch\u00fa ch\u00f3 c\u00f3 m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 di truy\u1ec1n g\u1ea7n g\u0169i h\u01a1n v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng con s\u00f3i c\u1ed5 \u0111\u1ea1i \u1edf Ch\u00e2u \u00c1 so v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng con \u1edf Ch\u00e2u \u00c2u. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y cho th\u1ea5y nh\u1eefng ch\u00fa ch\u00f3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 b\u1eaft ngu\u1ed3n t\u1eeb \u0111\u00e2u \u0111\u00f3 \u1edf Ch\u00e2u \u00c1, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u1eeb hai qu\u1ea7n th\u1ec3 s\u00f3i ri\u00eang bi\u1ec7t: m\u1ed9t \u1edf \u0110\u00f4ng \u00c1 v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t \u1edf Trung \u0110\u00f4ng.<\/p>\n\n

Lai gi\u1ed1ng v\u00e0 nhi\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ecba \u0111i\u1ec3m kh\u00e1c nhau<\/h2>\n\n

M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 hai s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n thu\u1ea7n h\u00f3a ri\u00eang bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng, nh\u01b0ng m\u1ed9t l\u1eddi gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch kh\u00e1c l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ch\u00fa ch\u00f3 \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thu\u1ea7n h\u00f3a \u1edf m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ecba \u0111i\u1ec3m v\u00e0 sau \u0111\u00f3 lai v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng con s\u00f3i \u1edf nh\u1eefng n\u01a1i kh\u00e1c, l\u00e0m tr\u1ed9n l\u1eabn DNA c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang. C\u00e1c nh\u00e0 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn k\u1ecbch b\u1ea3n n\u00e0o l\u00e0 ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c, nh\u01b0ng h\u1ecd k\u1ebft lu\u1eadn r\u1eb1ng c\u00f3 \u00edt nh\u1ea5t hai qu\u1ea7n th\u1ec3 s\u00f3i ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh thu\u1ea7n h\u00f3a ch\u00f3.<\/p>\n\n

\u0110a d\u1ea1ng di truy\u1ec1n v\u00e0 k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c lo\u00e0i s\u00f3i<\/h2>\n\n

M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 \u0111a d\u1ea1ng v\u1ec1 DNA c\u1ee7a s\u00f3i, nh\u01b0ng nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u kh\u00f4ng x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ed9t con s\u00f3i c\u1ed5 \u0111\u1ea1i n\u00e0o c\u00f3 li\u00ean quan tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp \u0111\u1ebfn t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng ch\u00fa ch\u00f3 hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i. Tuy nhi\u00ean, c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u quan s\u00e1t th\u1ea5y r\u1eb1ng c\u00e1c qu\u1ea7n th\u1ec3 s\u00f3i tr\u00ean kh\u1eafp th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi v\u1eabn c\u00f3 m\u1ed1i li\u00ean h\u1ec7 v\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t di truy\u1ec1n trong h\u00e0ng ch\u1ee5c ngh\u00ecn n\u0103m. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y cho th\u1ea5y r\u1eb1ng nh\u1eefng con s\u00f3i c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng \u0111\u00e3 di chuy\u1ec3n v\u00e0 giao ph\u1ed1i r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u, \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 g\u00f3p ph\u1ea7n v\u00e0o s\u1ef1 s\u1ed1ng s\u00f3t c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang trong th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 b\u0103ng h\u00e0 k\u1ebft th\u00fac.<\/p>\n\n

Ch\u00f3 con 18.000 n\u0103m tu\u1ed5i \u1edf Siberia<\/h2>\n\n

N\u0103m 2019, c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 kh\u1ea3o c\u1ed5 h\u1ecdc \u0111\u00e3 ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n ra m\u1ed9t ch\u00fa ch\u00f3 con 18.000 n\u0103m tu\u1ed5i \u1edf Siberia. Ban \u0111\u1ea7u, c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u tranh lu\u1eadn li\u1ec7u \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t con s\u00f3i hay m\u1ed9t con ch\u00f3. Sau khi ph\u00e2n t\u00edch di truy\u1ec1n c\u1ee7a n\u00f3, c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc trong nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u n\u00e0y x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh r\u1eb1ng \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t con s\u00f3i, cung c\u1ea5p b\u1eb1ng ch\u1ee9ng th\u00eam v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 \u0111a d\u1ea1ng c\u1ee7a lo\u00e0i s\u00f3i trong th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 b\u0103ng h\u00e0.<\/p>\n\n

Nh\u1eefng th\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c v\u00e0 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u trong t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai<\/h2>\n\n

Thu th\u1eadp m\u1eabu v\u1eadt s\u00f3i c\u1ed5 \u0111\u1ea1i t\u1eeb kh\u1eafp n\u01a1i tr\u00ean th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 t\u1eeb b\u00e1n c\u1ea7u nam, v\u1eabn l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t th\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c do DNA \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ea3o qu\u1ea3n t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n \u1edf nh\u1eefng v\u00f9ng kh\u00ed h\u1eadu l\u1ea1nh. C\u00e1c nh\u00e0 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u c\u1ea7n nhi\u1ec1u m\u1eabu v\u1eadt h\u01a1n \u0111\u1ec3 thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp m\u1ed9t b\u1ee9c tranh ho\u00e0n ch\u1ec9nh h\u01a1n v\u1ec1 t\u1ed5 ti\u00ean c\u1ee7a lo\u00e0i ch\u00f3 v\u00e0 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecba \u0111i\u1ec3m v\u00e0 th\u1eddi gian thu\u1ea7n h\u00f3a ch\u00f3.<\/p>\n\n

\u00dd ngh\u0129a c\u1ee7a nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u<\/h2>\n\n

Nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n cho m\u1ed9t b\u01b0\u1edbc ti\u1ebfn \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3 trong s\u1ef1 hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta v\u1ec1 qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh thu\u1ea7n h\u00f3a ch\u00f3. N\u00f3 cung c\u1ea5p m\u1ed9t b\u1ee9c tranh di truy\u1ec1n chi ti\u1ebft v\u1ec1 t\u1ed5 ti\u00ean c\u1ee7a lo\u00e0i s\u00f3i, thu h\u1eb9p c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecba \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u00f3 ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c c\u1ee7a lo\u00e0i ch\u00f3 v\u00e0 cho th\u1ea5y r\u1eb1ng nhi\u1ec1u qu\u1ea7n th\u1ec3 s\u00f3i \u0111\u00e3 g\u00f3p ph\u1ea7n v\u00e0o qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh ti\u1ebfn h\u00f3a c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ea1n \u0111\u1ed3ng h\u00e0nh h\u1ecd ch\u00f3 c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta. C\u00e1c nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u trong t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c trang b\u1ecb b\u1ed9 s\u01b0u t\u1eadp b\u1ed9 gen s\u00f3i c\u1ed5 \u0111\u1ea1i ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng, ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0a ch\u00fang ta \u0111\u1ebfn g\u1ea7n h\u01a1n v\u1edbi vi\u1ec7c gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft b\u00ed \u1ea9n v\u1ec1 c\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c v\u00e0 n\u01a1i nh\u1eefng ch\u00fa ch\u00f3 l\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh b\u1ea1n th\u00e2n nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Nh\u1eefng ch\u00fa ch\u00f3: H\u1eadu du\u1ec7 c\u1ee7a hai qu\u1ea7n th\u1ec3 s\u00f3i? Nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u m\u1edbi l\u00e0m s\u00e1ng t\u1ecf qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh thu\u1ea7n h\u00f3a ch\u00f3 C\u00e1c nh\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc t\u1eeb l\u00e2u \u0111\u00e3 t\u00ecm c\u00e1ch…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[288],"tags":[3196,188,99,5979,3147,136],"class_list":["post-13923","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-biology","tag-dogs","tag-genetics","tag-lifescienceart","tag-wolves","tag-domestication","tag-evolution"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/13923","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=13923"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/13923\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":13924,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/13923\/revisions\/13924"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=13923"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=13923"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=13923"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}