{"id":13981,"date":"2024-08-06T10:21:45","date_gmt":"2024-08-06T10:21:45","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/?p=13981"},"modified":"2024-08-06T10:21:45","modified_gmt":"2024-08-06T10:21:45","slug":"ancient-water-bottles-toxic-secret","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/science\/archaeology\/ancient-water-bottles-toxic-secret\/","title":{"rendered":"B\u00ecnh n\u01b0\u1edbc th\u1eddi c\u1ed5 \u0111\u1ea1i: B\u00ed m\u1eadt \u0111\u1ed9c h\u1ea1i?"},"content":{"rendered":"

B\u00ecnh n\u01b0\u1edbc th\u1eddi c\u1ed5 \u0111\u1ea1i: B\u00ed m\u1eadt \u0111\u1ed9c h\u1ea1i?<\/h2>\n\n

Nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u v\u1ec1 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p l\u00e0m b\u00ecnh b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ecba ti\u1ebft l\u1ed9 nguy c\u01a1 ti\u1ec1m \u1ea9n \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe<\/h2>\n\n

H\u00e0ng ngh\u00ecn n\u0103m tr\u01b0\u1edbc, c\u00e1c nh\u00f3m th\u1ed5 d\u00e2n tr\u00ean Qu\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea3o Eo bi\u1ec3n California \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ebf t\u1ea1o ra nh\u1eefng chi\u1ebfc b\u00ecnh n\u01b0\u1edbc kh\u00e9o l\u00e9o t\u1eeb c\u00e2y lau s\u1eady \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u1ee7 b\u1eb1ng bitum, m\u1ed9t ch\u1ea5t c\u00f3 ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c t\u1eeb d\u1ea7u m\u1ecf t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean. M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 nh\u1eefng chi\u1ebfc b\u00ecnh c\u1ed5 n\u00e0y ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 t\u1ed1t cho m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang, m\u1ed9t nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u g\u1ea7n \u0111\u00e2y \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m s\u00e1ng t\u1ecf m\u1ed9t m\u1ed1i nguy h\u1ea1i s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe ti\u1ec1m \u1ea9n li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn vi\u1ec7c s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t ch\u00fang.<\/p>\n\n

Bitum v\u00e0 h\u00f3a ch\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ed9c h\u1ea1i<\/h2>\n\n

Bitum, ch\u1ea5t r\u1ec9 ra t\u1eeb c\u00e1c ngu\u1ed3n d\u01b0\u1edbi n\u01b0\u1edbc l\u00ean Qu\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea3o Eo bi\u1ec3n, ch\u1ee9a c\u00e1c h\u00f3a ch\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ed9c h\u1ea1i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 hydrocarbon th\u01a1m \u0111a v\u00f2ng (PAH). C\u00e1c h\u00f3a ch\u1ea5t n\u00e0y c\u00f3 li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn nhi\u1ec1u v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe, bao g\u1ed3m c\u1ea3 ung th\u01b0, khi h\u00edt ph\u1ea3i ho\u1eb7c nu\u1ed1t ph\u1ea3i.<\/p>\n\n

T\u00e1i t\u1ea1o k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt c\u1ed5 x\u01b0a<\/h2>\n\n

C\u00e1c nh\u00e0 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u t\u1ea1i \u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc California \u0111\u00e3 b\u1eaft tay v\u00e0o m\u1ed9t d\u1ef1 \u00e1n t\u00e1i t\u1ea1o quy tr\u00ecnh l\u00e0m b\u00ecnh c\u1ed5 x\u01b0a, s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c b\u1eb1ng ch\u1ee9ng kh\u1ea3o c\u1ed5 v\u00e0 ghi ch\u00e9p d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c h\u1ecdc. H\u1ecd t\u1ec9 m\u1ec9 l\u00e0m theo c\u00e1c k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ng\u01b0\u1eddi Chumash s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng, m\u1ed9t nh\u00f3m th\u1ed5 d\u00e2n t\u1eebng sinh s\u1ed1ng tr\u00ean c\u00e1c h\u00f2n \u0111\u1ea3o n\u00e0y.<\/p>\n\n

\u0110o l\u01b0\u1eddng ph\u01a1i nhi\u1ec5m PAH<\/h2>\n\n

S\u1eed d\u1ee5ng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p quang ph\u1ed5 kh\u1ed1i, c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u \u0111\u00e3 \u0111o l\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t \u00f4 nhi\u1ec5m th\u1ea3i ra kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh n\u1ea5u ch\u1ea3y bitum. H\u1ecd c\u0169ng \u0111\u1ed5 \u0111\u1ea7y n\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0 d\u1ea7u \u00f4 liu v\u00e0o nh\u1eefng chi\u1ebfc b\u00ecnh \u0111\u00e3 ho\u00e0n th\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 r\u00f2 r\u1ec9 h\u00f3a ch\u1ea5t theo th\u1eddi gian.<\/p>\n\n

K\u1ebft qu\u1ea3: M\u1ed1i quan ng\u1ea1i v\u1ec1 \u00f4 nhi\u1ec5m kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed<\/h2>\n\n

M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 n\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ed9 PAH trong n\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0 d\u1ea7u kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ee7 cao \u0111\u1ec3 g\u00e2y ra r\u1ee7i ro s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe ngay l\u1eadp t\u1ee9c, nh\u01b0ng m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 trong kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed \u0111\u00e3 v\u01b0\u1ee3t qu\u00e1 gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n an to\u00e0n do C\u01a1 quan B\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 M\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng (EPA) \u0111\u1eb7t ra. Nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ee9ng tr\u00ean b\u1ec3 bitum n\u00f3ng ch\u1ea3y s\u1ebd h\u00edt ph\u1ea3i n\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ed9 PAH t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u1edbi n\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ed9 t\u00ecm th\u1ea5y trong kh\u00f3i thu\u1ed1c l\u00e1.<\/p>\n\n

T\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe<\/h2>\n\n

Nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u ch\u1ec9 ra r\u1eb1ng vi\u1ec7c ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac v\u1edbi PAH t\u1eeb qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh n\u1ea5u ch\u1ea3y bitum c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 g\u00f3p ph\u1ea7n l\u00e0m suy gi\u1ea3m s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi Chumash. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi Chumash \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n m\u1eafc c\u00e1c t\u1ed5n th\u01b0\u01a1ng x\u01b0\u01a1ng, s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe r\u0103ng mi\u1ec7ng k\u00e9m v\u00e0 k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc h\u1ed9p s\u1ecd ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng nh\u1ecf, b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u t\u1eeb kho\u1ea3ng 5.000 n\u0103m tr\u01b0\u1edbc.<\/p>\n\n

H\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf v\u00e0 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u trong t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai<\/h2>\n\n

Nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u t\u1eadp trung v\u00e0o vi\u1ec7c ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u1edbn ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac v\u1edbi PAH, nh\u01b0ng tr\u1ebb nh\u1ecf d\u1ec5 b\u1ecb \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng c\u00f3 h\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang h\u01a1n. Nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u trong t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111i\u1ec1u tra m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 ph\u01a1i nhi\u1ec5m \u1edf giai \u0111o\u1ea1n \u0111\u1ea7u \u0111\u1eddi. Ngo\u00e0i ra, c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u th\u1eeba nh\u1eadn r\u1eb1ng ph\u01a1i nhi\u1ec5m v\u1edbi PAH ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 ti\u1ec1m \u1ea9n g\u00e2y ra t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe suy gi\u1ea3m c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi Chumash.<\/p>\n\n

\u00dd ngh\u0129a \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i<\/h2>\n\n

B\u1ea5t ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eefng h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf, nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u n\u00e0y l\u00e0m n\u1ed5i b\u1eadt nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec3m t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed3ng ti\u1ec1m \u1ea9n gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe th\u1eddi c\u1ed5 \u0111\u1ea1i v\u00e0 hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i. Ph\u01a1i nhi\u1ec5m v\u1edbi PAH l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 \u0111\u00e1ng quan ng\u1ea1i quan tr\u1ecdng v\u1ec1 m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng hi\u1ec7n nay, v\u00ec n\u00f3 li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn \u00f4 nhi\u1ec5m kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed, nh\u1ef1a \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng v\u00e0 kh\u00f3i thu\u1ed1c l\u00e1.<\/p>\n\n

B\u00e0i h\u1ecdc c\u1ed5 x\u01b0a cho th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i<\/h2>\n\n

B\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p c\u1ed5 x\u01b0a \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe, ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n nh\u01b0 b\u00ecnh n\u01b0\u1edbc l\u00f3t bitum, ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec3u s\u00e2u h\u01a1n v\u1ec1 t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u00e2u d\u00e0i c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ed9c h\u1ea1i trong m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe con ng\u01b0\u1eddi. Ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 gi\u00fap ch\u00fang ta hi\u1ec3u v\u00e0 gi\u1ea3m thi\u1ec3u t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n c\u00e1c r\u1ee7i ro s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe do c\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t \u00f4 nhi\u1ec5m hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i g\u00e2y ra.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

B\u00ecnh n\u01b0\u1edbc th\u1eddi c\u1ed5 \u0111\u1ea1i: B\u00ed m\u1eadt \u0111\u1ed9c h\u1ea1i? Nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u v\u1ec1 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p l\u00e0m b\u00ecnh b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ecba ti\u1ebft l\u1ed9 nguy c\u01a1 ti\u1ec1m \u1ea9n \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe H\u00e0ng ngh\u00ecn…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":24011,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[191],"tags":[18814,18809,18810,18811,18813,18812,88,1643,4638,4811],"class_list":["post-13981","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-archaeology","tag-water-bottles","tag-bitumen","tag-california-channel-islands","tag-chumash","tag-toxicology","tag-pahs","tag-archaeology","tag-ancient-history","tag-environmental-health","tag-indigenous-cultures"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/13981","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=13981"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/13981\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":13982,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/13981\/revisions\/13982"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/24011"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=13981"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=13981"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=13981"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}