{"id":14006,"date":"2023-08-08T12:59:15","date_gmt":"2023-08-08T12:59:15","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/?p=14006"},"modified":"2023-08-08T12:59:15","modified_gmt":"2023-08-08T12:59:15","slug":"gotthard-base-tunnel-engineering-marvel-swiss-alps","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/science\/engineering-and-technology\/gotthard-base-tunnel-engineering-marvel-swiss-alps\/","title":{"rendered":"\u0110\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ea7m c\u01a1 s\u1edf Gotthard: M\u1ed9t k\u1ef3 quan k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt"},"content":{"rendered":"

\u0110\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ea7m c\u01a1 s\u1edf Gotthard: M\u1ed9t k\u1ef3 quan c\u1ee7a k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt<\/h2>\n\n

Th\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c khi \u0111i qua d\u00e3y Alps c\u1ee7a Th\u1ee5y S\u0129<\/h2>\n\n

D\u00e3y Alps c\u1ee7a Th\u1ee5y S\u0129, v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ec9nh n\u00fai cao ch\u00f3t v\u00f3t v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ecba h\u00ecnh hi\u1ec3m tr\u1edf, t\u1eeb l\u00e2u \u0111\u00e3 t\u1ea1o n\u00ean m\u1ed9t r\u00e0o c\u1ea3n \u0111\u00e1ng g\u1eddm \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi giao th\u00f4ng v\u1eadn t\u1ea3i. Trong nhi\u1ec1u th\u1ebf k\u1ef7, nh\u1eefng chuy\u1ebfn t\u00e0u c\u1ed1 g\u1eafng b\u0103ng qua nh\u1eefng ng\u1ecdn n\u00fai ph\u1ea3i \u0111i ngo\u1eb1n ngo\u00e8o l\u00ean xu\u1ed1ng c\u00e1c s\u01b0\u1eddn \u0111\u1ed3i, khi\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh tr\u00ecnh tr\u1edf n\u00ean ch\u1eadm ch\u1ea1p v\u00e0 gian nan.<\/p>\n\n

T\u1ea7m nh\u00ecn v\u1ec1 m\u1ed9t \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ea7m xuy\u00ean Alps<\/h2>\n\n

V\u00e0o gi\u1eefa th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 20, c\u00e1c k\u1ef9 s\u01b0 b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u m\u01a1 v\u1ec1 m\u1ed9t gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p t\u00e1o b\u1ea1o: m\u1ed9t \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ea7m xuy\u00ean qua tr\u00e1i tim d\u00e3y Alps, cho ph\u00e9p c\u00e1c chuy\u1ebfn t\u00e0u ch\u1ea1y b\u00ean d\u01b0\u1edbi nh\u1eefng ng\u1ecdn n\u00fai. N\u0103m 1947, nh\u00e0 quy ho\u1ea1ch \u0111\u00f4 th\u1ecb Carl Eduard Gruner \u0111\u00e3 ph\u00e1c th\u1ea3o nh\u1eefng k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch ban \u0111\u1ea7u cho quello s\u1ebd tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh \u0110\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ea7m c\u01a1 s\u1edf Gotthard.<\/p>\n\n

X\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng: M\u1ed9t d\u1ef1 \u00e1n kh\u1ed5ng l\u1ed3<\/h2>\n\n

C\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng \u0110\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ea7m c\u01a1 s\u1edf Gotthard b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh v\u00e0o n\u0103m 1999. Nh\u1eefng m\u00e1y khoan kh\u1ed5ng l\u1ed3, m\u1ed7i m\u00e1y d\u00e0i b\u1eb1ng b\u1ed1n s\u00e2n b\u00f3ng \u0111\u00e1, \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u00e0o s\u00e2u v\u00e0o l\u1edbp \u0111\u00e1 b\u00ean d\u01b0\u1edbi nh\u1eefng ng\u1ecdn n\u00fai. Trong su\u1ed1t 17 n\u0103m, l\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u00e1 \u0111\u00e0o \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec3 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng l\u1ea1i \u0110\u1ea1i kim t\u1ef1 th\u00e1p Giza t\u1edbi n\u0103m l\u1ea7n.<\/p>\n\n

\u0110\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ea7m t\u00e0u h\u1ecfa d\u00e0i nh\u1ea5t v\u00e0 s\u00e2u nh\u1ea5t th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi<\/h2>\n\n

Khi \u0110\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ea7m c\u01a1 s\u1edf Gotthard \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c kh\u00e1nh th\u00e0nh v\u00e0o n\u0103m 2016, n\u00f3 \u0111\u00e3 ph\u00e1 v\u1ee1 k\u1ef7 l\u1ee5c l\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ea7m t\u00e0u h\u1ecfa d\u00e0i nh\u1ea5t v\u00e0 s\u00e2u nh\u1ea5t th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi. K\u00e9o d\u00e0i 35,5 d\u1eb7m v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9 s\u00e2u g\u1ea7n m\u1ed9t d\u1eb7m r\u01b0\u1ee1i d\u01b0\u1edbi l\u00f2ng \u0111\u1ea5t, \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ea7m \u0111\u00e3 v\u01b0\u1ee3t qua nh\u1eefng k\u1ef7 l\u1ee5c tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00f3, l\u00e0 \u0110\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ea7m Seikan c\u1ee7a Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n v\u00e0 \u0110\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ea7m Eo bi\u1ec3n Manche n\u1ed1i li\u1ec1n V\u01b0\u01a1ng qu\u1ed1c Anh v\u00e0 Ph\u00e1p.<\/p>\n\n

Nh\u1eefng th\u00e0nh t\u1ef1u k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt v\u00e0 c\u00e1c c\u00e2n nh\u1eafc v\u1ec1 an to\u00e0n<\/h2>\n\n

Vi\u1ec7c x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng m\u1ed9t \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ea7m s\u00e2u v\u00e0 d\u00e0i nh\u01b0 v\u1eady \u0111\u1eb7t ra nhi\u1ec1u th\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c v\u1ec1 k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt. \u0110\u00e1 m\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ea7m \u0111\u00e0o qua c\u1ef1c k\u1ef3 c\u1ee9ng, c\u00f2n \u00e1p su\u1ea5t v\u00e0 nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 cao s\u00e2u d\u01b0\u1edbi l\u00f2ng \u0111\u1ea5t g\u00e2y ra nh\u1eefng r\u1ee7i ro \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3 v\u1ec1 an to\u00e0n.<\/p>\n\n

T\u00e1m c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n \u0111\u00e3 thi\u1ec7t m\u1ea1ng m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch th\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e2m trong giai \u0111o\u1ea1n x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng. \u0110\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3m thi\u1ec3u nh\u1eefng r\u1ee7i ro trong t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai, c\u00e1c k\u1ef9 s\u01b0 \u0111\u00e3 thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf c\u00e1c c\u01a1 ch\u1ebf an to\u00e0n s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o, bao g\u1ed3m c\u1eeda ch\u1ed1ng ch\u00e1y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1edf b\u1edfi m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ee9a tr\u1ebb v\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ch\u1ecbu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u00e1p l\u1ef1c to l\u1edbn c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng chuy\u1ebfn t\u00e0u ch\u1ea1y qua.<\/p>\n\n

Nh\u1eefng l\u1ee3i \u00edch cho giao th\u00f4ng v\u1eadn t\u1ea3i v\u00e0 t\u00ednh b\u1ec1n v\u1eefng<\/h2>\n\n

\u0110\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ea7m c\u01a1 s\u1edf Gotthard \u0111\u00e3 c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng h\u00f3a giao th\u00f4ng v\u1eadn t\u1ea3i qua d\u00e3y Alps. Gi\u1edd \u0111\u00e2y, t\u00e0u h\u1ecfa c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111i qua nh\u1eefng ng\u1ecdn n\u00fai v\u1edbi t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 l\u00ean \u0111\u1ebfn 150 d\u1eb7m m\u1ed9t gi\u1edd, r\u00fat \u200b\u200bng\u1eafn th\u1eddi gian di chuy\u1ec3n t\u1eeb Zurich \u0111\u1ebfn Milan g\u1ea7n m\u1ed9t n\u1eeda.<\/p>\n\n

\u0110\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ea7m c\u0169ng th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y v\u1eadn chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng s\u1eaft, gi\u00fap v\u1eadn chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng s\u1eaft c\u1ea1nh tranh h\u01a1n v\u1edbi l\u01b0u l\u01b0\u1ee3ng xe t\u1ea3i tr\u00ean c\u00e1c tuy\u1ebfn \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng cao t\u1ed1c c\u1ee7a Ch\u00e2u \u00c2u. Nh\u1edd gi\u1ea3m s\u1ef1 ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o xe t\u1ea3i, \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ea7m g\u00f3p ph\u1ea7n gi\u1ea3m ph\u00e1t th\u1ea3i carbon v\u00e0 c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed.<\/p>\n\n

B\u00ean kia \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ea7m: T\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng kinh t\u1ebf v\u00e0 m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng<\/h2>\n\n

\u0110\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ea7m c\u01a1 s\u1edf Gotthard kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t k\u1ef3 quan k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt m\u00e0 c\u00f2n c\u00f3 t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng s\u00e2u s\u1eafc \u0111\u1ebfn n\u1ec1n kinh t\u1ebf v\u00e0 m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng c\u1ee7a khu v\u1ef1c.<\/p>\n\n

\u0110\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ea7m \u0111\u00e3 th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea1i v\u00e0 du l\u1ecbch, mang l\u1ea1i l\u1ee3i \u00edch kinh t\u1ebf cho c\u00e1c c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng \u1edf c\u1ea3 hai b\u00ean d\u00e3y Alps. \u0110\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ea7m c\u0169ng gi\u00fap gi\u1ea3m t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng t\u1eafc ngh\u1ebdn giao th\u00f4ng v\u00e0 \u00f4 nhi\u1ec5m kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed, t\u1ea1o ra m\u1ed9t m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng trong l\u00e0nh v\u00e0 kh\u1ecfe m\u1ea1nh h\u01a1n.<\/p>\n\n

Di s\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed5i m\u1edbi v\u00e0 s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o<\/h2>\n\n

\u0110\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ea7m c\u01a1 s\u1edf Gotthard l\u00e0 minh ch\u1ee9ng cho s\u1ef1 s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u00e0 s\u1ee9c m\u1ea1nh c\u1ee7a k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt trong vi\u1ec7c v\u01b0\u1ee3t qua nh\u1eefng th\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c to l\u1edbn. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t di s\u1ea3n l\u00e2u d\u00e0i s\u1ebd ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c mang l\u1ea1i l\u1ee3i \u00edch cho c\u00e1c th\u1ebf h\u1ec7 mai sau, gi\u00fap cho vi\u1ec7c \u0111i l\u1ea1i kh\u1eafp Ch\u00e2u \u00c2u tr\u1edf n\u00ean nhanh h\u01a1n, hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 h\u01a1n v\u00e0 b\u1ec1n v\u1eefng h\u01a1n.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

\u0110\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ea7m c\u01a1 s\u1edf Gotthard: M\u1ed9t k\u1ef3 quan c\u1ee7a k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt Th\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c khi \u0111i qua d\u00e3y Alps c\u1ee7a Th\u1ee5y S\u0129 D\u00e3y Alps c\u1ee7a Th\u1ee5y S\u0129, v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ec9nh n\u00fai…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":6,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[8738],"tags":[18854,5819,37,2771,82,2123],"class_list":["post-14006","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-engineering-and-technology","tag-alps","tag-infrastructure","tag-innovation","tag-transportation","tag-engineering","tag-switzerland"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/14006","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/6"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=14006"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/14006\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":14007,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/14006\/revisions\/14007"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=14006"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=14006"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=14006"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}