Leo n\u00fai nh\u01b0 ch\u00fang ta bi\u1ebft ng\u00e0y nay \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ti\u00ean phong b\u1edfi nh\u1eefng nh\u00e0 th\u00e1m hi\u1ec3m nh\u01b0 Yvon Chouinard v\u00e0o gi\u1eefa th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 20. Chouinard v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f9ng th\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 leo l\u00ean nh\u1eefng v\u00e1ch \u0111\u00e1 huy\u1ec1n tho\u1ea1i nh\u01b0 El Capitan \u1edf Thung l\u0169ng Yosemite, s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb th\u00f4 s\u01a1 v\u00e0 l\u00f2ng t\u00f4n tr\u1ecdng s\u00e2u s\u1eafc \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean.<\/p>\n\n
Trong nhi\u1ec1u n\u0103m, nh\u1eefng ti\u1ebfn b\u1ed9 v\u1ec1 c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m thay \u0111\u1ed5i m\u00f4n leo n\u00fai. Piton, t\u1eebng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 c\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ecbnh ng\u01b0\u1eddi leo n\u00fai v\u00e0o v\u00e1ch \u0111\u00e1, ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thay th\u1ebf b\u1eb1ng thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u00e1o r\u1eddi, kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ec3 l\u1ea1i d\u1ea5u v\u1ebft. Qu\u1ea7n \u00e1o v\u00e0 thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb c\u0169ng \u0111\u00e3 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n, gi\u00fap vi\u1ec7c leo n\u00fai an to\u00e0n v\u00e0 d\u1ec5 ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn h\u01a1n.<\/p>\n\n
Khi m\u00f4n leo n\u00fai ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn, n\u00f3 c\u0169ng ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng tr\u1edf n\u00ean th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea1i h\u00f3a. Vi\u1ec7c t\u00e0i tr\u1ee3 v\u00e0 c\u00e1c cu\u1ed9c thi \u0111\u00e3 th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi leo n\u00fai v\u01b0\u1ee3t qua gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh, \u0111\u00f4i khi ph\u1ea3i tr\u1ea3 gi\u00e1 b\u1eb1ng s\u1ef1 an to\u00e0n. Chouinard v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c \u0111\u00e3 \u1ee7ng h\u1ed9 s\u1ef1 tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a m\u00f4n th\u1ec3 thao n\u00e0y, nh\u1ea5n m\u1ea1nh t\u1ea7m quan tr\u1ecdng c\u1ee7a vi\u1ec7c b\u1ea3o t\u1ed3n v\u1ebb \u0111\u1eb9p t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c v\u00e1ch \u0111\u00e1.<\/p>\n\n
S\u1ef1 gia t\u0103ng c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 t\u1eadp leo n\u00fai trong th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 \u0111\u00e3 gi\u00fap m\u00f4n th\u1ec3 thao n\u00e0y tr\u1edf n\u00ean d\u1ec5 ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn h\u01a1n bao gi\u1edd h\u1ebft. Tuy nhi\u00ean, Chouinard cho r\u1eb1ng c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 t\u1eadp kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 sao ch\u00e9p \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tinh th\u1ea7n th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 c\u1ee7a m\u00f4n leo n\u00fai, v\u1ed1n bao g\u1ed3m r\u1ee7i ro, s\u1ef1 kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 v\u00e0 k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i v\u1edbi th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean.<\/p>\n\n
B\u1ea5t ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eefng th\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c m\u00e0 m\u00f4n leo n\u00fai truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ed1i m\u1eb7t, t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai c\u1ee7a m\u00f4n th\u1ec3 thao n\u00e0y v\u1eabn t\u01b0\u01a1i s\u00e1ng. Nh\u1eefng v\u00e1ch \u0111\u00e1 nguy\u00ean s\u01a1 tr\u00ean kh\u1eafp th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi, ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n nh\u01b0 \u1edf Ch\u00e2u Phi c\u1eadn Sahara, d\u00e3y Himalaya v\u00e0 Nam C\u1ef1c, mang \u0111\u1ebfn c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i cho c\u00e1c chuy\u1ebfn th\u00e1m hi\u1ec3m mang t\u00ednh \u0111\u1ed9t ph\u00e1.<\/p>\n\n
\u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm tr\u1ea3i nghi\u1ec7m leo n\u00fai \u0111\u00edch th\u1ef1c, Chouinard khuy\u00ean n\u00ean \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc leo n\u00fai s\u1ea1ch v\u00e0 tr\u00e1nh nh\u1eefng s\u1ef1 h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 nh\u00e2n t\u1ea1o h\u1ea5p d\u1eabn. B\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch \u0111i theo b\u01b0\u1edbc ch\u00e2n c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng huy\u1ec1n tho\u1ea1i leo n\u00fai nh\u01b0 Harding, Frost v\u00e0 Chouinard, nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi leo n\u00fai c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 l\u1ea1i c\u1ea3m gi\u00e1c h\u1ed3i h\u1ed9p v\u00e0 phi\u00eau l\u01b0u khi chinh ph\u1ee5c nh\u1eefng v\u00e1ch \u0111\u00e1 mang t\u00ednh bi\u1ec3u t\u01b0\u1ee3ng nh\u1ea5t th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi.<\/p>\n\n
S\u1ef1 gia t\u0103ng v\u1ec1 m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u00e3 d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u1eefng lo ng\u1ea1i v\u1ec1 t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a m\u00f4n leo n\u00fai \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng. Nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi leo n\u00fai ph\u1ea3i tu\u00e2n th\u1ee7 c\u00e1c th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c, ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n nh\u01b0 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u00e1o r\u1eddi v\u00e0 gi\u1ea3m thi\u1ec3u d\u1ea5u ch\u00e2n c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd tr\u00ean v\u00e1ch \u0111\u00e1.<\/p>\n\n
C\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 \u0111\u00e3 n\u00e2ng cao t\u00ednh an to\u00e0n v\u00e0 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn, nh\u01b0ng nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi leo n\u00fai kh\u00f4ng n\u00ean ch\u1ec9 d\u1ef1a v\u00e0o c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 nh\u00e2n t\u1ea1o. Tinh th\u1ea7n th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 c\u1ee7a m\u00f4n leo n\u00fai bao g\u1ed3m vi\u1ec7c ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn nh\u1eefng th\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c v\u00e0 r\u1ee7i ro li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean.<\/p>\n\n
Th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea1i h\u00f3a v\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c theo \u0111u\u1ed5i c\u00e1c k\u1ef7 l\u1ee5c \u0111\u00e3 t\u1ea1o ra \u00e1p l\u1ef1c l\u00ean nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi leo n\u00fai. \u0110i\u1ec1u quan tr\u1ecdng nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 \u01b0u ti\u00ean s\u1ef1 an to\u00e0n v\u00e0 t\u00f4n tr\u1ecdng m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean h\u01a1n mong mu\u1ed1n v\u1ec1 danh ti\u1ebfng hay vinh quang.<\/p>\n\n
M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 m\u00f4n leo n\u00fai truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ed1i m\u1eb7t v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng th\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c, nh\u01b0ng m\u00f4n th\u1ec3 thao n\u00e0y v\u1eabn ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n v\u00e0 m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng. Nh\u1eefng v\u00e1ch \u0111\u00e1 nguy\u00ean s\u01a1 \u1edf nh\u1eefng v\u00f9ng xa x\u00f4i mang \u0111\u1ebfn c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ec3 kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 v\u00e0 t\u00ecm t\u00f2i.<\/p>\n\n
Ch\u00e2u Phi c\u1eadn Sahara, d\u00e3y Himalaya v\u00e0 Nam C\u1ef1c t\u1ef1 h\u00e0o c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng v\u00e1ch \u0111\u00e1 nguy\u00ean s\u01a1 thu h\u00fat nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi leo n\u00fai t\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm cu\u1ed9c phi\u00eau l\u01b0u v\u00e0 c\u1ea3m gi\u00e1c h\u1ed3i h\u1ed9p v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u01b0a bi\u1ebft.<\/p>\n\n
Nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi leo n\u00fai \u01b0u t\u00fa th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n c\u00e1c chuy\u1ebfn th\u00e1m hi\u1ec3m t\u00e1o b\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ec3 chinh ph\u1ee5c nh\u1eefng v\u00e1ch \u0111\u00e1 \u0111\u1ea7y th\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c nh\u1ea5t tr\u00ean th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi. Nh\u1eefng chuy\u1ebfn th\u00e1m hi\u1ec3m n\u00e0y \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi s\u1ef1 l\u1eadp k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch t\u1ec9 m\u1ec9, c\u00e1c k\u1ef9 n\u0103ng chuy\u00ean bi\u1ec7t v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 s\u1eb5n s\u00e0ng ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn r\u1ee7i ro.<\/p>\n\n
M\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u1edf m\u1ecdi l\u1ee9a tu\u1ed5i v\u00e0 tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ed9 \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 tham gia m\u00f4n leo n\u00fai. M\u00f4n th\u1ec3 thao n\u00e0y mang \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u1eefng th\u1eed th\u00e1ch v\u1ec1 th\u1ec3 ch\u1ea5t v\u00e0 tinh th\u1ea7n, s\u1ef1 k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i v\u1edbi thi\u00ean nhi\u00ean v\u00e0 \u00fd th\u1ee9c c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
S\u1ef1 ti\u1ebfn h\u00f3a c\u1ee7a m\u00f4n leo n\u00fai: T\u1eeb piton \u0111\u1ebfn ph\u00f2ng t\u1eadp Nh\u1eefng n\u0103m \u0111\u1ea7u Leo n\u00fai nh\u01b0 ch\u00fang ta bi\u1ebft ng\u00e0y nay \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ti\u00ean phong b\u1edfi nh\u1eefng nh\u00e0 th\u00e1m…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[3140],"tags":[401,565,1280,3138,564,3136,3139,3137],"class_list":["post-1407","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-adventure","tag-conservation","tag-adventure","tag-ethics","tag-el-capitan","tag-exploration","tag-rock-climbing","tag-pitons","tag-yvon-chouinard"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1407","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/3"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=1407"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1407\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":1408,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1407\/revisions\/1408"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1407"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=1407"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=1407"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}