{"id":14073,"date":"2026-11-01T05:18:49","date_gmt":"2026-11-01T05:18:49","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/?p=14073"},"modified":"2026-11-01T05:18:49","modified_gmt":"2026-11-01T05:18:49","slug":"the-human-mind-and-the-thinking-machine-a-tale-of-intelligence-language-and-emotion","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/science\/psychology\/the-human-mind-and-the-thinking-machine-a-tale-of-intelligence-language-and-emotion\/","title":{"rendered":"Tr\u00ed Tu\u1ec7 Nh\u00e2n T\u1ea1o v\u00e0 Con Ng\u01b0\u1eddi: H\u00e0nh Tr\u00ecnh T\u1eeb Turing \u0110\u1ebfn John Nash"},"content":{"rendered":"

Tr\u00ed Tu\u1ec7 Con Ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u00e0 C\u1ed7 M\u00e1y Suy Ngh\u0129: M\u1ed9t C\u00e2u Chuy\u1ec7n V\u1ec1 Tr\u00ed Th\u00f4ng Minh, Ng\u00f4n Ng\u1eef v\u00e0 C\u1ea3m X\u00fac<\/h2>\n\n

Cu\u1ed9c T\u00ecm Ki\u1ebfm Tr\u00ed Tu\u1ec7 Nh\u00e2n T\u1ea1o<\/h2>\n\n

Trong nhi\u1ec1u th\u1eadp k\u1ef7, c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc \u0111\u00e3 tranh lu\u1eadn li\u1ec7u m\u00e1y t\u00ednh c\u00f3 th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 suy ngh\u0129 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c hay kh\u00f4ng. M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 cho r\u1eb1ng m\u00e1y m\u00f3c c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 b\u1eaft ch\u01b0\u1edbc tr\u00ed th\u00f4ng minh c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch tu\u00e2n theo c\u00e1c quy t\u1eafc logic, trong khi nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c l\u1eadp lu\u1eadn r\u1eb1ng tr\u00ed th\u00f4ng minh \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi s\u1ef1 hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft s\u00e2u s\u1eafc h\u01a1n v\u1ec1 ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef v\u00e0 kinh nghi\u1ec7m.<\/p>\n\n

M\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c s\u1edbm nh\u1ea5t nh\u1eb1m t\u1ea1o ra m\u1ed9t \u201cc\u1ed7 m\u00e1y suy ngh\u0129\u201d \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n b\u1edfi nh\u00e0 to\u00e1n h\u1ecdc Alan Turing. Turing \u0111\u1ec1 xu\u1ea5t r\u1eb1ng m\u1ed9t m\u00e1y m\u00f3c c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n c\u00e1c ph\u00e9p to\u00e1n logic b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch thao t\u00e1c c\u00e1c k\u00fd hi\u1ec7u (0 v\u00e0 1) theo c\u00e1ch t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 n\u00e3o ng\u01b0\u1eddi.<\/p>\n\n

Vai Tr\u00f2 C\u1ee7a Ng\u00f4n Ng\u1eef<\/h2>\n\n

Tuy nhi\u00ean, nh\u00e0 tri\u1ebft h\u1ecdc Ludwig Wittgenstein cho r\u1eb1ng ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t t\u1eadp h\u1ee3p c\u00e1c k\u00fd hi\u1ec7u m\u00e0 c\u00f2n l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch s\u1ed1ng. \u00d4ng cho r\u1eb1ng m\u00e1y m\u00f3c kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 hi\u1ec3u ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef hay c\u00f3 suy ngh\u0129 v\u00ec ch\u00fang thi\u1ebfu nh\u1eefng tr\u1ea3i nghi\u1ec7m chung t\u1ea1o n\u00ean \u00fd ngh\u0129a cho t\u1eeb ng\u1eef.<\/p>\n\n

Cambridge Quintet: Cu\u1ed9c Tranh Lu\u1eadn V\u0103n H\u1ecdc<\/h2>\n\n

Ti\u1ec3u thuy\u1ebft \u201cThe Cambridge Quintet\u201d c\u1ee7a John Casti kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 nh\u1eefng \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng n\u00e0y qua m\u1ed9t b\u1eefa ti\u1ec7c t\u1ed1i h\u01b0 c\u1ea5u, n\u01a1i Turing v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng b\u1ed9 \u00f3c v\u0129 \u0111\u1ea1i kh\u00e1c th\u1ea3o lu\u1eadn v\u1ec1 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng m\u1ed9t c\u1ed7 m\u00e1y suy ngh\u0129. Cu\u1ed1n ti\u1ec3u thuy\u1ebft mi\u00eau t\u1ea3 sinh \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u00e1c quan \u0111i\u1ec3m kh\u00e1c nhau v\u1ec1 tr\u00ed th\u00f4ng minh, t\u1eeb logic tr\u1eebu t\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a Turing \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u1eefng hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft tr\u1ea3i nghi\u1ec7m c\u1ee7a Wittgenstein.<\/p>\n\n

M\u1ed9t Tr\u00ed Tu\u1ec7 \u0110\u1eb9p \u0110\u1ebd: C\u00e2u Chuy\u1ec7n Th\u1ef1c T\u1ebf<\/h2>\n\n

Ti\u1ec3u s\u1eed \u201cA Beautiful Mind\u201d c\u1ee7a Sylvia Nasar k\u1ec3 c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n phi th\u01b0\u1eddng c\u1ee7a John Nash, m\u1ed9t nh\u00e0 to\u00e1n h\u1ecdc thi\u00ean t\u00e0i \u0111\u1ea5u tranh v\u1edbi ch\u1ee9ng lo\u1ea1n th\u1ea7n. C\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh c\u1ee7a Nash v\u1ec1 l\u00fd thuy\u1ebft tr\u00f2 ch\u01a1i \u0111\u00e3 c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng ho\u00e1 kinh t\u1ebf h\u1ecdc, nh\u01b0ng c\u0103n b\u1ec7nh t\u00e2m th\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng \u0111e d\u1ecda ph\u00e1 h\u1ee7y tr\u00ed \u00f3c c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh.<\/p>\n\n

S\u1ee9c M\u1ea1nh C\u1ee7a T\u00ecnh Y\u00eau v\u00e0 L\u00f2ng Th\u01b0\u01a1ng X\u00f3t<\/h2>\n\n

M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 g\u1eb7p kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n, Nash \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 h\u1ed3i ph\u1ee5c nh\u1edd s\u1ef1 \u1ee7ng h\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u1ee3 y\u00eau th\u01b0\u01a1ng, Alicia. Ni\u1ec1m tin kh\u00f4ng lay chuy\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a Alicia v\u00e0o tr\u00ed th\u00f4ng minh c\u1ee7a Nash v\u00e0 quy\u1ebft t\u00e2m kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecf cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u00f3ng vai tr\u00f2 then ch\u1ed1t trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh ph\u1ee5c h\u1ed3i c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng.<\/p>\n\n

B\u1ea3n Ch\u1ea5t C\u1ee7a Tr\u00ed Th\u00f4ng Minh<\/h2>\n\n

Cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1eddi c\u1ee7a Turing v\u00e0 Nash \u0111\u1eb7t ra nh\u1eefng c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi s\u00e2u s\u1eafc v\u1ec1 b\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a tr\u00ed th\u00f4ng minh. Li\u1ec7u n\u00f3 ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 logic v\u00e0 d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean quy t\u1eafc, hay c\u00f2n \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi s\u1ef1 hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft s\u00e2u s\u1eafc h\u01a1n v\u1ec1 ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef v\u00e0 kinh nghi\u1ec7m?<\/p>\n\n

T\u1ea7m Quan Tr\u1ecdng C\u1ee7a C\u1ea3m X\u00fac<\/h2>\n\n

S\u1ef1 h\u1ed3i ph\u1ee5c c\u1ee7a Nash c\u0169ng nh\u1ea5n m\u1ea1nh t\u1ea7m quan tr\u1ecdng c\u1ee7a c\u1ea3m x\u00fac trong quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi. Trong khi l\u00fd tr\u00ed l\u00e0 y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 thi\u1ebft y\u1ebfu cho suy ngh\u0129 logic, c\u1ea3m x\u00fac c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 cung c\u1ea5p nh\u1eefng hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb v\u00e0 truy\u1ec1n c\u1ea3m h\u1ee9ng cho h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng.<\/p>\n\n

Th\u00e1ch Th\u1ee9c C\u1ee7a Lo\u1ea1n T\u00e2m Th\u1ea7n<\/h2>\n\n

Lo\u1ea1n t\u00e2m th\u1ea7n l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t b\u1ec7nh t\u00e2m l\u00fd ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 g\u00e2y \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng t\u00e0n ph\u00e1 \u0111\u1ebfn tr\u00ed \u00f3c con ng\u01b0\u1eddi. Nh\u1eefng tr\u1ea3i nghi\u1ec7m c\u1ee7a Nash minh h\u1ecda nh\u1eefng th\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c khi s\u1ed1ng chung v\u1edbi ch\u1ee9ng lo\u1ea1n t\u00e2m th\u1ea7n, \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi cho th\u1ea5y s\u1ee9c m\u1ea1nh ki\u00ean c\u01b0\u1eddng v\u00e0 hy v\u1ecdng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u00ecm th\u1ea5y trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh h\u1ed3i ph\u1ee5c.<\/p>\n\n

T\u00ecm Ki\u1ebfm \u00dd Ngh\u0129a<\/h2>\n\n

Cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng, vi\u1ec7c t\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7 nh\u00e2n t\u1ea1o c\u0169ng l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t cu\u1ed9c t\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm \u00fd ngh\u0129a trong cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng. Khi ch\u00fang ta kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 ranh gi\u1edbi c\u1ee7a tr\u00ed th\u00f4ng minh con ng\u01b0\u1eddi, ch\u00fang ta c\u0169ng \u0111ang hi\u1ec3u r\u00f5 h\u01a1n v\u1ec1 b\u1ea3n th\u00e2n v\u00e0 v\u1ecb tr\u00ed c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh trong v\u0169 tr\u1ee5.<\/p>\n\n

Cu\u1ed9c Tranh Lu\u1eadn Kh\u00f4ng Ng\u1eebng<\/h2>\n\n

Cu\u1ed9c tranh lu\u1eadn v\u1ec1 b\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a tr\u00ed th\u00f4ng minh v\u1eabn ti\u1ebfp di\u1ec5n ng\u00e0y nay. Trong khi m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 tin r\u1eb1ng m\u00e1y m\u00f3c s\u1ebd cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng v\u01b0\u1ee3t qua tr\u00ed th\u00f4ng minh con ng\u01b0\u1eddi, nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c cho r\u1eb1ng tr\u00ed \u00f3c con ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u1eabn \u0111\u1ed9c \u0111\u00e1o v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 thay th\u1ebf. C\u00e2u tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi cho c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 n\u1eb1m trong vi\u1ec7c hi\u1ec3u s\u00e2u h\u01a1n m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 gi\u1eefa logic, ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef v\u00e0 c\u1ea3m x\u00fac.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Tr\u00ed Tu\u1ec7 Con Ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u00e0 C\u1ed7 M\u00e1y Suy Ngh\u0129: M\u1ed9t C\u00e2u Chuy\u1ec7n V\u1ec1 Tr\u00ed Th\u00f4ng Minh, Ng\u00f4n Ng\u1eef v\u00e0 C\u1ea3m X\u00fac Cu\u1ed9c T\u00ecm Ki\u1ebfm Tr\u00ed Tu\u1ec7 Nh\u00e2n T\u1ea1o Trong nhi\u1ec1u…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":25624,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[100],"tags":[6122,18938,2622,18939,25,1254],"class_list":["post-14073","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-psychology","tag-emotion","tag-human-mind","tag-language","tag-schizophrenia","tag-mental-health","tag-artificial-intelligence"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/14073","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=14073"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/14073\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":25625,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/14073\/revisions\/25625"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/25624"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=14073"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=14073"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=14073"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}