James Peebles, nh\u00e0 v\u0169 tr\u1ee5 h\u1ecdc ti\u00ean phong, \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c trao m\u1ed9t n\u1eeda Gi\u1ea3i Nobel V\u1eadt l\u00fd cho c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ed9t ph\u00e1 v\u1ec1 c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac v\u0169 tr\u1ee5. C\u00e1c l\u00fd thuy\u1ebft c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng \u0111\u00e3 gi\u00fap c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc hi\u1ec3u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 ti\u1ebfn h\u00f3a c\u1ee7a v\u0169 tr\u1ee5 ch\u00fang ta.<\/p>\n\n
V\u00e0o nh\u1eefng n\u0103m 1960, c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 v\u0169 tr\u1ee5 h\u1ecdc ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf v\u1ec1 v\u0169 tr\u1ee5. H\u1ecd bi\u1ebft n\u00f3 r\u1ed9ng l\u1edbn, nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft c\u00e1c thi\u00ean th\u1ec3 c\u00e1ch xa bao nhi\u00eau, n\u00f3 bao nhi\u00eau tu\u1ed5i hay \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ea5u t\u1ea1o ra sao. Peebles \u0111\u00e3 b\u1eaft tay v\u00e0o tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi nh\u1eefng c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi n\u00e0y b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1c m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh l\u00fd thuy\u1ebft v\u00e0 d\u1eef li\u1ec7u quan s\u00e1t.<\/p>\n\n
M\u1ed9t \u0111\u00f3ng g\u00f3p then ch\u1ed1t c\u1ee7a Peebles l\u00e0 d\u1ef1 \u0111o\u00e1n b\u1ee9c x\u1ea1 n\u1ec1n v\u0169 tr\u1ee5, di t\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a v\u0169 tr\u1ee5 s\u01a1 khai tr\u00e0n ng\u1eadp to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 kh\u00f4ng gian v\u1edbi b\u1ee9c x\u1ea1 g\u1ea7n nh\u01b0 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed5i. \u00d4ng c\u0169ng \u0111\u1ec1 xu\u1ea5t r\u1eb1ng b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u nh\u1eefng bi\u1ebfn th\u1ec3 nh\u1ecf trong b\u1ee9c x\u1ea1 n\u1ec1n, c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 thi\u00ean v\u0103n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u00ecm ra nh\u1eefng v\u00f9ng v\u1eadt ch\u1ea5t \u0111ang t\u1ee5 l\u1ea1i. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y d\u1eabn t\u1edbi kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac quy m\u00f4 l\u1edbn c\u1ee7a v\u0169 tr\u1ee5, g\u1ed3m nh\u1eefng s\u1ee3i ch\u1ee9a sao, thi\u00ean h\u00e0 v\u00e0 c\u1ee5m thi\u00ean h\u00e0.<\/p>\n\n
Trong nh\u1eefng n\u0103m 1980, Peebles \u0111\u01b0a v\u1eadt ch\u1ea5t t\u1ed1i v\u00e0o b\u1ee9c tranh. V\u1eadt ch\u1ea5t t\u1ed1i l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ch\u1ea5t huy\u1ec1n b\u00ed kh\u00f4ng ph\u00e1t ra hay ph\u1ea3n chi\u1ebfu \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng, nh\u01b0ng t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u1ea5p d\u1eabn c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 quan s\u00e1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. \u00d4ng \u0111\u1ec1 xu\u1ea5t r\u1eb1ng v\u1eadt ch\u1ea5t t\u1ed1i gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch l\u00fd do c\u00e1c thi\u00ean h\u00e0 t\u1ee5 l\u1ea1i d\u00f9 kh\u1ed1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng nh\u00ecn th\u1ea5y c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ee7. \u00d4ng c\u0169ng g\u1ee3i \u00fd r\u1eb1ng v\u0169 tr\u1ee5 \u0111ang gi\u00e3n n\u1edf v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 gi\u00e3n n\u1edf n\u00e0y \u0111ang t\u0103ng t\u1ed1c nh\u1edd l\u1ef1c n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u1ed1i.<\/p>\n\n
C\u00e1c l\u00fd thuy\u1ebft c\u1ee7a Peebles d\u1ea7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e1c nh\u1eadn nh\u1edd c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 ti\u1ebfn b\u1ed9. V\u00e0o nh\u1eefng n\u0103m 1990, c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u th\u1ea5y r\u1eb1ng dao \u0111\u1ed9ng trong b\u1ee9c x\u1ea1 n\u1ec1n t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u1ee9ng v\u1edbi c\u00e1c c\u1ee5m v\u1eadt ch\u1ea5t. N\u0103m 1998, c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 thi\u00ean v\u0103n x\u00e1c nh\u1eadn v\u0169 tr\u1ee5 \u0111ang gi\u00e3n n\u1edf v\u00e0 t\u0103ng t\u1ed1c. Tuy nhi\u00ean, v\u1eadt ch\u1ea5t t\u1ed1i v\u00e0 n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u1ed1i v\u1eabn ch\u01b0a \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch, song c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u \u0111ang mi\u1ec7t m\u00e0i \u0111i\u1ec1u tra.<\/p>\n\n
M\u1ed9t n\u1eeda c\u00f2n l\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a Gi\u1ea3i Nobel V\u1eadt l\u00fd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c trao cho Michael Mayor v\u00e0 Didier Queloz v\u00ec \u0111\u00e3 ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n h\u00e0nh tinh ngo\u00e0i \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean, m\u1ed9t h\u00e0nh tinh ngo\u00e0i H\u1ec7 M\u1eb7t Tr\u1eddi. \u0110\u1ea7u nh\u1eefng n\u0103m 1990, c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 thi\u00ean v\u0103n v\u1eabn ch\u01b0a t\u00ecm th\u1ea5y h\u00e0nh tinh n\u00e0o quay quanh sao kh\u00e1c, b\u1ea5t ch\u1ea5p h\u00e0ng th\u1eadp k\u1ef7 truy t\u00ecm.<\/p>\n\n
Queloz, khi \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u sinh l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c v\u1edbi Mayor, \u0111\u00e3 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m t\u00ecm nh\u1eefng dao \u0111\u1ed9ng nh\u1ecf trong \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng v\u00e0 m\u00e0u s\u1eafc c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c ng\u00f4i sao. Nh\u1eefng dao \u0111\u1ed9ng n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 cho th\u1ea5y l\u1ef1c h\u1ea5p d\u1eabn c\u1ee7a h\u00e0nh tinh \u0111ang quay quanh sao, l\u00e0m d\u1ecbch chuy\u1ec3n b\u01b0\u1edbc s\u00f3ng \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng.<\/p>\n\n
Sau khi quan s\u00e1t 20 ng\u00f4i sao s\u00e1ng, ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n dao \u0111\u1ed9ng \u1edf sao 51 Pegasi, c\u00e1ch 51 n\u0103m \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng. Queloz v\u00e0 Mayor \u0111\u00e3 d\u00e0nh nhi\u1ec1u th\u00e1ng x\u00e1c nh\u1eadn d\u1eef li\u1ec7u tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi c\u00f4ng b\u1ed1 ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n v\u00e0o th\u00e1ng 10 n\u0103m 1995. H\u1ecd \u0111\u00e3 t\u00ecm th\u1ea5y h\u00e0nh tinh ngo\u00e0i \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean, m\u1ed9t h\u00e0nh tinh c\u1ee1 M\u1ed9c Tinh quay quanh 51 Pegasi.<\/p>\n\n
Vi\u1ec7c ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n 51 Pegasi b \u0111\u00e3 c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng h\u00f3a thi\u00ean v\u0103n h\u1ecdc. K\u1ec3 t\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3, c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 thi\u00ean v\u0103n \u0111\u00e3 kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 h\u01a1n 4 000 h\u00e0nh tinh ngo\u00e0i trong D\u1ea3i Ng\u00e2n H\u00e0, v\u1edbi \u0111\u1ee7 k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc, th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n v\u00e0 qu\u1ef9 \u0111\u1ea1o. Nh\u1eefng kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 mang l\u1ea1i cho c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft m\u1edbi v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh v\u00e0 ti\u1ebfn h\u00f3a c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 h\u00e0nh tinh v\u00e0 m\u1edf ra kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng t\u00ecm th\u1ea5y s\u1ef1 s\u1ed1ng ngo\u00e0i Tr\u00e1i \u0110\u1ea5t.<\/p>\n\n
C\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh c\u1ee7a James Peebles, Michael Mayor v\u00e0 Didier Queloz \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng s\u00e2u s\u1eafc t\u1edbi hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta v\u1ec1 v\u0169 tr\u1ee5. L\u00fd thuy\u1ebft c\u1ee7a Peebles gi\u00fap hi\u1ec3u c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac v\u00e0 ti\u1ebfn h\u00f3a c\u1ee7a kosmos, trong khi kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 h\u00e0nh tinh ngo\u00e0i \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean c\u1ee7a Mayor v\u00e0 Queloz \u0111\u00e3 m\u1edf ra nh\u1eefng ch\u00e2n tr\u1eddi m\u1edbi trong thi\u00ean v\u0103n h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 t\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm s\u1ef1 s\u1ed1ng ngo\u00e0i Tr\u00e1i \u0110\u1ea5t.<\/p>\n\n
Gi\u1ea3i Nobel V\u1eadt l\u00fd l\u00e0 minh ch\u1ee9ng cho nh\u1eefng \u0111\u00f3ng g\u00f3p \u0111\u1ed9t ph\u00e1 c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc n\u00e0y v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 c\u1ed1ng hi\u1ebfn c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd trong vi\u1ec7c g\u1ee1 r\u1ed1i nh\u1eefng b\u00ed \u1ea9n c\u1ee7a v\u0169 tr\u1ee5.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
Gi\u1ea3i Nobel V\u1eadt l\u00fd: V\u1ebd b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ed3 v\u1ecb tr\u00ed c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta trong V\u0169 tr\u1ee5 V\u0169 tr\u1ee5 h\u1ecdc: G\u1ee1 r\u1ed1i c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac c\u1ee7a V\u0169 tr\u1ee5 James Peebles, nh\u00e0 v\u0169 tr\u1ee5…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":25354,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[437],"tags":[535,97,982,217,2169,697],"class_list":["post-14096","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-astronomy","tag-nobel-prize","tag-science","tag-exoplanets","tag-physics","tag-universe","tag-cosmology"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/14096","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=14096"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/14096\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":25355,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/14096\/revisions\/25355"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/25354"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=14096"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=14096"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=14096"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}