{"id":14233,"date":"2024-10-11T07:07:22","date_gmt":"2024-10-11T07:07:22","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/?p=14233"},"modified":"2024-10-11T07:07:22","modified_gmt":"2024-10-11T07:07:22","slug":"chemical-toxicity-understanding-the-dangers-and-risks","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/science\/environmental-science\/chemical-toxicity-understanding-the-dangers-and-risks\/","title":{"rendered":"\u0110\u1ed9c t\u00ednh h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc: Hi\u1ec3u v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c m\u1ed1i nguy hi\u1ec3m v\u00e0 r\u1ee7i ro"},"content":{"rendered":"<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u0110\u1ed9c t\u00ednh h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc: Hi\u1ec3u v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c m\u1ed1i nguy hi\u1ec3m v\u00e0 r\u1ee7i ro<\/h2>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u0110\u01b0\u1eddng ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac<\/h2>\n\n<p>C\u00e1c h\u00f3a ch\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ed9c h\u1ea1i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 x\u00e2m nh\u1eadp v\u00e0o c\u01a1 th\u1ec3 ch\u00fang ta qua nhi\u1ec1u con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng kh\u00e1c nhau, bao g\u1ed3m:<\/p>\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac v\u1edbi da<\/li>\n<li>H\u00edt ph\u1ea3i<\/li>\n<li>Nu\u1ed1t ph\u1ea3i<\/li>\n<li>Ti\u00eam<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n<p>Con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 nghi\u00eam tr\u1ecdng c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng. V\u00ed d\u1ee5, trong khi h\u00edt th\u1edf oxy l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft cho s\u1ef1 s\u1ed1ng, th\u00ec vi\u1ec7c ti\u00eam oxy c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 g\u00e2y t\u1eed vong.<\/p>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Li\u1ec1u g\u00e2y t\u1eed vong<\/h2>\n\n<p>\u0110\u1ed9c t\u00ednh c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t h\u00f3a ch\u1ea5t th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111o b\u1eb1ng li\u1ec1u g\u00e2y t\u1eed vong, t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 g\u00e2y t\u1eed vong. C\u00e1c h\u1ee3p ch\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ed9c h\u1ea1i nh\u1ea5t, ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n nh\u01b0 \u0111\u1ed9c t\u1ed1 botulinum, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 gi\u1ebft ch\u1ebft \u1edf li\u1ec1u c\u1ef1c nh\u1ecf, ngay c\u1ea3 khi ti\u00eam. C\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t kh\u00e1c, nh\u01b0 xyanua v\u00e0 asen, ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nu\u1ed1t ph\u1ea3i m\u1edbi c\u00f3 t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng.<\/p>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">S\u1ef1 t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i trong m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng<\/h2>\n\n<p>M\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 nguy hi\u1ec3m c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t h\u00f3a ch\u1ea5t c\u0169ng ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 d\u1ec5 l\u00e2y lan v\u00e0 t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 trong m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng. V\u00ed d\u1ee5, asen c\u00f3 \u0111i\u1ec3m n\u00f3ng ch\u1ea3y cao v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng di chuy\u1ec3n xa n\u1ebfu b\u1ecb r\u1eafc tr\u00ean th\u1ef1c ph\u1ea9m. Ng\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i, c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i kh\u00ed nh\u01b0 kh\u00ed clo c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 lan truy\u1ec1n nhanh ch\u00f3ng, \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ed9t khu v\u1ef1c r\u1ed9ng l\u1edbn. Theo th\u1eddi gian, c\u00e1c h\u00f3a ch\u1ea5t c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 b\u1ecb ph\u00e2n h\u1ee7y v\u00e0 tr\u1edf n\u00ean \u00edt \u0111\u1ed9c h\u1ea1i h\u01a1n. V\u00ed d\u1ee5, kh\u00ed clo ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng v\u1edbi c\u00e1c v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 oxy h\u00f3a \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o th\u00e0nh c\u00e1c h\u1ee3p ch\u1ea5t v\u00f4 h\u1ea1i.<\/p>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Ph\u00e2n r\u00e3 ph\u00f3ng x\u1ea1<\/h2>\n\n<p>C\u00e1c v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u ph\u00f3ng x\u1ea1 ph\u00e1t ra b\u1ee9c x\u1ea1, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m h\u1ecfng c\u00e1c t\u1ebf b\u00e0o v\u00e0 g\u00e2y b\u1ec7nh. T\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 m\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ch\u1ea5t ph\u00f3ng x\u1ea1 m\u1ea5t n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 th\u1eddi gian b\u00e1n h\u1ee7y, x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh th\u1eddi gian n\u00f3 v\u1eabn nguy hi\u1ec3m. Poloni-210, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng trong v\u1ee5 \u00e1m s\u00e1t Alexander Litvinenko, c\u00f3 th\u1eddi gian b\u00e1n h\u1ee7y l\u00e0 139 ng\u00e0y, ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t n\u1eeda s\u1ed1 nguy\u00ean t\u1eed c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 ph\u00e2n r\u00e3 th\u00e0nh d\u1ea1ng \u00edt \u0111\u1ed9c h\u1ea1i h\u01a1n sau kho\u1ea3ng th\u1eddi gian \u0111\u00f3.<\/p>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">C\u00e1c t\u00e1c nh\u00e2n g\u00e2y \u0111\u1ed9c th\u1ea7n kinh organophosphor<\/h2>\n\n<p>Novichok v\u00e0 sarin l\u00e0 c\u00e1c t\u00e1c nh\u00e2n g\u00e2y \u0111\u1ed9c th\u1ea7n kinh organophosphor ph\u00e1 v\u1ee1 h\u1ec7 th\u1ea7n kinh trung \u01b0\u01a1ng. Ch\u00fang c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nu\u1ed1t ho\u1eb7c h\u00edt ph\u1ea3i v\u00e0 b\u1ecb ph\u00e2n h\u1ee7y theo th\u1eddi gian ho\u1eb7c khi ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac v\u1edbi n\u01b0\u1edbc. S\u1ef1 kh\u00f4ng \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh n\u00e0y cho ph\u00e9p kh\u1eed nhi\u1ec5m b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch gi\u1eb7t qu\u1ea7n \u00e1o ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac v\u1edbi c\u00e1c h\u1ee3p ch\u1ea5t n\u00e0y.<\/p>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u0110\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 r\u1ee7i ro h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 ph\u00f2ng ng\u1eeba ph\u01a1i nhi\u1ec5m<\/h2>\n\n<p>\u0110\u1ec3 \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 nguy hi\u1ec3m c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t h\u00f3a ch\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ed9c h\u1ea1i, c\u00e1c chuy\u00ean gia xem x\u00e9t c\u00e1c y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 nh\u01b0 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng ph\u00e1t th\u1ea3i, \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i trong m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng. S\u1ef1 hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft n\u00e0y gi\u00fap h\u1ecd ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u00e1c chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ec3 ng\u0103n ng\u1eeba \u00f4 nhi\u1ec5m v\u00e0 b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 c\u00f4ng ch\u00fang.<\/p>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Hi\u1ec3u c\u00e1c y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ec3 v\u1ec7 sinh v\u00e0 ph\u00f2ng ng\u1eeba<\/h2>\n\n<p>Vi\u1ec7c d\u1ecdn d\u1eb9p c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecba \u0111i\u1ec3m b\u1ecb \u00f4 nhi\u1ec5m \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi ph\u1ea3i hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c h\u00f3a ch\u1ea5t c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 c\u00f3 li\u00ean quan v\u00e0 c\u00e1c \u0111\u1eb7c t\u00ednh c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang. V\u00ed d\u1ee5, b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t kim lo\u1ea1i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n cho vi\u1ec7c truy\u1ec1n c\u00e1c v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u \u0111\u1ed9c h\u1ea1i. B\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch xem x\u00e9t c\u00e1c y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 n\u00e0y, c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9i v\u1ec7 sinh c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3m thi\u1ec3u nguy c\u01a1 ph\u01a1i nhi\u1ec5m th\u00eam v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o an to\u00e0n cho m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng xung quanh.<\/p>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Nh\u1eefng c\u00e2n nh\u1eafc b\u1ed5 sung<\/h2>\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u0110\u1ed9c t\u00ednh c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t h\u00f3a ch\u1ea5t c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 thay \u0111\u1ed5i t\u00f9y thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o d\u1ea1ng c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 (r\u1eafn, l\u1ecfng ho\u1eb7c kh\u00ed).<\/li>\n<li>M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 h\u00f3a ch\u1ea5t c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 h\u1ea5p th\u1ee5 qua da, trong khi nh\u1eefng h\u00f3a ch\u1ea5t kh\u00e1c c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i nu\u1ed1t ho\u1eb7c ti\u00eam.<\/li>\n<li>T\u00ednh l\u00fd h\u00f3a c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t ch\u1ea5t \u0111\u00f3ng vai tr\u00f2 quan tr\u1ecdng trong vi\u1ec7c x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh s\u1ef1 l\u00e2y lan v\u00e0 t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 trong m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng.<\/li>\n<li>Ph\u00e2n r\u00e3 ph\u00f3ng x\u1ea1 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh d\u1ea7n d\u1ea7n l\u00e0m gi\u1ea3m m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 ph\u00f3ng x\u1ea1 c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t ch\u1ea5t theo th\u1eddi gian.<\/li>\n<li>C\u00e1c t\u00e1c nh\u00e2n g\u00e2y \u0111\u1ed9c th\u1ea7n kinh organophosphor l\u00e0 c\u00e1c h\u1ee3p ch\u1ea5t kh\u00f4ng \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u01b0u tr\u1eef ri\u00eang v\u00e0 k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p khi c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft.<\/li>\n<\/ul>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u0110\u1ed9c t\u00ednh h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc: Hi\u1ec3u v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c m\u1ed1i nguy hi\u1ec3m v\u00e0 r\u1ee7i ro \u0110\u01b0\u1eddng ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac C\u00e1c h\u00f3a ch\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ed9c h\u1ea1i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 x\u00e2m nh\u1eadp v\u00e0o c\u01a1 th\u1ec3 ch\u00fang ta&hellip;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":24575,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[38],"tags":[19117,18813,218,4638,160],"class_list":["post-14233","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-environmental-science","tag-chemical-safety","tag-toxicology","tag-chemistry","tag-environmental-health","tag-science-communication"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/14233","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=14233"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/14233\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":24576,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/14233\/revisions\/24576"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/24575"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=14233"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=14233"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=14233"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}