{"id":14266,"date":"2024-08-07T13:01:41","date_gmt":"2024-08-07T13:01:41","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/?p=14266"},"modified":"2024-08-07T13:01:41","modified_gmt":"2024-08-07T13:01:41","slug":"conflict-minerals-funding-war-human-rights-abuses","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/life\/humanitarian-issues\/conflict-minerals-funding-war-human-rights-abuses\/","title":{"rendered":"Kho\u00e1ng s\u1ea3n xung \u0111\u1ed9t: T\u00e0i tr\u1ee3 cho chi\u1ebfn tranh v\u00e0 vi ph\u1ea1m nh\u00e2n quy\u1ec1n t\u1ea1i C\u1ed9ng h\u00f2a D\u00e2n ch\u1ee7 Congo"},"content":{"rendered":"

Kho\u00e1ng s\u1ea3n xung \u0111\u1ed9t: T\u00e0i tr\u1ee3 cho chi\u1ebfn tranh v\u00e0 vi ph\u1ea1m nh\u00e2n quy\u1ec1n<\/h2>\n\n

Kho\u00e1ng s\u1ea3n xung \u0111\u1ed9t l\u00e0 g\u00ec?<\/h2>\n\n

Kho\u00e1ng s\u1ea3n xung \u0111\u1ed9t l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng kim lo\u1ea1i hi\u1ebfm, ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n nh\u01b0 thi\u1ebfc, tantal v\u00e0 vonfram, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng trong s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t c\u00e1c thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eed, bao g\u1ed3m \u0111i\u1ec7n tho\u1ea1i th\u00f4ng minh, m\u00e1y t\u00ednh x\u00e1ch tay v\u00e0 m\u00e1y ch\u01a1i game c\u1ea7m tay. Nh\u1eefng kho\u00e1ng s\u1ea3n n\u00e0y th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c khai th\u00e1c \u1edf c\u00e1c khu v\u1ef1c xung \u0111\u1ed9t, n\u01a1i c\u00e1c nh\u00f3m v\u0169 trang ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t c\u00e1c m\u1ecf v\u00e0 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng l\u1ee3i nhu\u1eadn \u0111\u1ec3 t\u00e0i tr\u1ee3 cho c\u00e1c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng b\u1ea1o l\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh.<\/p>\n\n

C\u1ed9ng h\u00f2a D\u00e2n ch\u1ee7 Congo<\/h2>\n\n

C\u1ed9ng h\u00f2a D\u00e2n ch\u1ee7 Congo (DRC) l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ngu\u1ed3n cung c\u1ea5p ch\u00ednh c\u00e1c kho\u00e1ng s\u1ea3n xung \u0111\u1ed9t. M\u1ed9t cu\u1ed9c n\u1ed9i chi\u1ebfn t\u00e0n kh\u1ed1c \u0111\u00e3 ho\u00e0nh h\u00e0nh \u1edf CHDC Congo k\u1ec3 t\u1eeb cu\u1ed1i nh\u1eefng n\u0103m 1990, v\u00e0 c\u00e1c l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng d\u00e2n qu\u00e2n n\u1ed5i lo\u1ea1n c\u00f9ng c\u00e1c \u0111\u01a1n v\u1ecb qu\u00e2n \u0111\u1ed9i ph\u1ea3n b\u1ed9i \u0111\u00e3 ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t nhi\u1ec1u m\u1ecf c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc. Nh\u1eefng nh\u00f3m n\u00e0y ki\u1ebfm \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u00e0ng tri\u1ec7u \u0111\u00f4 la m\u1ed7i n\u0103m b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch b\u00e1n kho\u00e1ng s\u1ea3n xung \u0111\u1ed9t cho c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng ty \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eed.<\/p>\n\n

Vi ph\u1ea1m nh\u00e2n quy\u1ec1n<\/h2>\n\n

Vi\u1ec7c khai th\u00e1c kho\u00e1ng s\u1ea3n xung \u0111\u1ed9t \u1edf CHDC Congo c\u00f3 li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn nhi\u1ec1u h\u00e0nh vi vi ph\u1ea1m nh\u00e2n quy\u1ec1n, bao g\u1ed3m lao \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01b0\u1ee1ng b\u1ee9c, lao \u0111\u1ed9ng tr\u1ebb em v\u00e0 b\u1ea1o l\u1ef1c t\u00ecnh d\u1ee5c. C\u00e1c nh\u00f3m phi\u1ebfn qu\u00e2n th\u01b0\u1eddng s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng b\u1ea1o l\u1ef1c v\u00e0 \u0111e d\u1ecda \u0111\u1ec3 ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t c\u00e1c m\u1ecf v\u00e0 tr\u1ee5c l\u1ee3i.<\/p>\n\n

Quy \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u1ee7a Ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 Hoa K\u1ef3<\/h2>\n\n

N\u0103m 2010, ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 Hoa K\u1ef3 \u0111\u00e3 th\u00f4ng qua m\u1ed9t quy \u0111\u1ecbnh y\u00eau c\u1ea7u c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng ty \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eed ti\u1ebft l\u1ed9 xem s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd c\u00f3 ch\u1ee9a kho\u00e1ng s\u1ea3n xung \u0111\u1ed9t t\u1eeb CHDC Congo hay kh\u00f4ng. C\u00e1c c\u00f4ng ty c\u0169ng ph\u1ea3i b\u00e1o c\u00e1o v\u1ec1 nh\u1eefng n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh nh\u1eb1m t\u00ecm ngu\u1ed3n cung \u1ee9ng kho\u00e1ng s\u1ea3n kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 xung \u0111\u1ed9t.<\/p>\n\n

T\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng ty \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eed<\/h2>\n\n

Quy \u0111\u1ecbnh n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng ty \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eed. Nhi\u1ec1u c\u00f4ng ty ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ed1i m\u1eb7t v\u1edbi s\u1ee9c \u00e9p c\u1ee7a c\u00f4ng ch\u00fang nh\u1eb1m tr\u00e1nh s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng kho\u00e1ng s\u1ea3n xung \u0111\u1ed9t v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 c\u00f4ng ty b\u1ecb c\u00e1o bu\u1ed9c \u0111\u00e3 t\u00ecm ngu\u1ed3n cung \u1ee9ng kho\u00e1ng s\u1ea3n t\u1eeb c\u00e1c nh\u00f3m v\u0169 trang.<\/p>\n\n

Phi qu\u00e2n s\u1ef1 h\u00f3a c\u00e1c m\u1ecf<\/h2>\n\n

Quy \u0111\u1ecbnh n\u00e0y c\u0169ng d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c phi qu\u00e2n s\u1ef1 h\u00f3a c\u00e1c m\u1ecf \u1edf CHDC Congo. N\u0103m 2010, m\u1ed9t li\u00ean minh c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng ty \u0111\u00e3 th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp Ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh Nh\u00e0 m\u00e1y Luy\u1ec7n Kh\u00f4ng Xung \u0111\u1ed9t, ch\u1ee9ng nh\u1eadn c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 m\u00e1y luy\u1ec7n kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn kho\u00e1ng s\u1ea3n t\u1eeb c\u00e1c nh\u00f3m v\u0169 trang.<\/p>\n\n

Vai tr\u00f2 c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi ti\u00eau d\u00f9ng<\/h2>\n\n

Ng\u01b0\u1eddi ti\u00eau d\u00f9ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u00f3ng vai tr\u00f2 trong vi\u1ec7c gi\u1ea3m nhu c\u1ea7u \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c kho\u00e1ng s\u1ea3n xung \u0111\u1ed9t. B\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn c\u00e1c s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m t\u1eeb c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng ty cam k\u1ebft t\u00ecm ngu\u1ed3n cung \u1ee9ng kho\u00e1ng s\u1ea3n kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 xung \u0111\u1ed9t, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ti\u00eau d\u00f9ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 gi\u00fap c\u1eaft \u0111\u1ee9t ngu\u1ed3n t\u00e0i tr\u1ee3 cho c\u00e1c nh\u00f3m v\u0169 trang \u1edf CHDC Congo.<\/p>\n\n

Chu\u1ed7i cung \u1ee9ng to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u<\/h2>\n\n

Chu\u1ed7i cung \u1ee9ng \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eed to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u r\u1ea5t ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p v\u00e0 c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng ty c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 g\u1eb7p kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n khi truy t\u00ecm ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c kho\u00e1ng s\u1ea3n m\u00e0 h\u1ecd s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng. Tuy nhi\u00ean, c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng ty ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 v\u00e0o vi\u1ec7c ki\u1ec3m to\u00e1n chu\u1ed7i cung \u1ee9ng c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o r\u1eb1ng h\u1ecd kh\u00f4ng t\u00ecm ngu\u1ed3n cung \u1ee9ng kho\u00e1ng s\u1ea3n xung \u0111\u1ed9t.<\/p>\n\n

C\u00e1c s\u00e1ng ki\u1ebfn th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea1i c\u00f4ng b\u1eb1ng<\/h2>\n\n

M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 c\u00f4ng ty \u0111\u00e3 t\u1ea1o ra c\u00e1c s\u00e1ng ki\u1ebfn th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea1i c\u00f4ng b\u1eb1ng \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o r\u1eb1ng c\u00e1c kho\u00e1ng s\u1ea3n h\u1ecd s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c khai th\u00e1c m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c. C\u00e1c ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea1i c\u00f4ng b\u1eb1ng th\u01b0\u1eddng bao g\u1ed3m tr\u1ea3 ti\u1ec1n th\u01b0\u1edfng cho nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi khai th\u00e1c v\u00e0 h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 c\u00e1c d\u1ef1 \u00e1n ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng.<\/p>\n\n

K\u1ebft lu\u1eadn<\/h2>\n\n

V\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 kho\u00e1ng s\u1ea3n xung \u0111\u1ed9t r\u1ea5t ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p, nh\u01b0ng \u0111i\u1ec1u quan tr\u1ecdng l\u00e0 ph\u1ea3i n\u00e2ng cao nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c v\u1ec1 nh\u1eefng vi ph\u1ea1m nh\u00e2n quy\u1ec1n li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn vi\u1ec7c khai th\u00e1c nh\u1eefng kho\u00e1ng s\u1ea3n n\u00e0y. B\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch h\u1ee3p t\u00e1c v\u1edbi nhau, c\u00e1c ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7, c\u00f4ng ty v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ti\u00eau d\u00f9ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 gi\u00fap ch\u1ea5m d\u1ee9t t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng kho\u00e1ng s\u1ea3n xung \u0111\u1ed9t v\u00e0 th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y h\u00f2a b\u00ecnh \u1edf C\u1ed9ng h\u00f2a D\u00e2n ch\u1ee7 Congo.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Kho\u00e1ng s\u1ea3n xung \u0111\u1ed9t: T\u00e0i tr\u1ee3 cho chi\u1ebfn tranh v\u00e0 vi ph\u1ea1m nh\u00e2n quy\u1ec1n Kho\u00e1ng s\u1ea3n xung \u0111\u1ed9t l\u00e0 g\u00ec? Kho\u00e1ng s\u1ea3n xung \u0111\u1ed9t l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng kim lo\u1ea1i hi\u1ebfm, ch\u1eb3ng…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":4,"featured_media":23993,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[19161],"tags":[4045,19159,9132,19158,69,19160],"class_list":["post-14266","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-humanitarian-issues","tag-war","tag-democratic-republic-of-the-congo","tag-electronics","tag-conflict-minerals","tag-human-rights","tag-supply-chain"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/14266","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/4"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=14266"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/14266\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":14267,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/14266\/revisions\/14267"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/23993"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=14266"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=14266"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=14266"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}