{"id":14276,"date":"2024-07-03T08:21:29","date_gmt":"2024-07-03T08:21:29","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/?p=14276"},"modified":"2024-07-03T08:21:29","modified_gmt":"2024-07-03T08:21:29","slug":"harnessing-methane-transforming-coal-mine-waste-into-valuable-energy","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/science\/energy-and-environment\/harnessing-methane-transforming-coal-mine-waste-into-valuable-energy\/","title":{"rendered":"Khai th\u00e1c kh\u00ed metan: Bi\u1ebfn ch\u1ea5t th\u1ea3i t\u1eeb khai th\u00e1c than \u0111\u00e1 th\u00e0nh ngu\u1ed3n n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u00f3 gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb"},"content":{"rendered":"

Khai th\u00e1c kh\u00ed metan: Bi\u1ebfn ch\u1ea5t th\u1ea3i t\u1eeb khai th\u00e1c than \u0111\u00e1 th\u00e0nh ngu\u1ed3n n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u00f3 gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb<\/h2>\n\n

Kh\u00ed metan: M\u1ed9t ngu\u1ed3n n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng ti\u1ec1m \u1ea9n<\/h2>\n\n

Kh\u00ed metan, m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1i kh\u00ed nh\u00e0 k\u00ednh m\u1ea1nh, th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ea3i ra d\u01b0\u1edbi d\u1ea1ng s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m ph\u1ee5 c\u1ee7a qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh khai th\u00e1c than \u0111\u00e1. Tuy nhi\u00ean, c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 ti\u00ean ti\u1ebfn hi\u1ec7n nay cho ph\u00e9p thu gi\u1eef v\u00e0 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng kh\u00ed metan th\u1ea3i n\u00e0y nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t ngu\u1ed3n n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u00f3 gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb.<\/p>\n\n

Nh\u1eefng th\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c v\u00e0 c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i<\/h2>\n\n

Theo truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng, kh\u00ed metan t\u1eeb c\u00e1c m\u1ecf than \u0111\u00e1 r\u1ea5t kh\u00f3 khai th\u00e1c do n\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ed9 th\u1ea5p v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 hi\u1ec7n di\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t g\u00e2y \u00f4 nhi\u1ec5m. Tuy nhi\u00ean, nh\u1eefng ti\u1ebfn b\u1ed9 v\u1ec1 c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7, ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n nh\u01b0 zeolit nano l\u1ed7 r\u1ed7ng, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u1ecdc s\u1ea1ch t\u1ea1p ch\u1ea5t v\u00e0 tr\u00edch xu\u1ea5t metan ngay c\u1ea3 t\u1eeb nh\u1eefng ngu\u1ed3n r\u1ea5t lo\u00e3ng.<\/p>\n\n

C\u00e1c d\u1ef1 \u00e1n chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i metan th\u00e0nh n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng<\/h2>\n\n

M\u1ed9t v\u00ed d\u1ee5 th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng v\u1ec1 c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i metan th\u00e0nh n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng l\u00e0 m\u1ecf Elk Creek \u1edf Colorado. D\u1ef1 \u00e1n n\u00e0y thu gi\u1eef kh\u00ed metan t\u1eeb c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng th\u00f4ng gi\u00f3 v\u00e0 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng kh\u00ed n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o ra \u0111i\u1ec7n, sau \u0111\u00f3 cung c\u1ea5p cho l\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111i\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng. D\u1ef1 \u00e1n Elk Creek ch\u1ee9ng minh ti\u1ec1m n\u0103ng c\u1ee7a kh\u00ed metan nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t ngu\u1ed3n n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u00e1i t\u1ea1o v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e3 truy\u1ec1n c\u1ea3m h\u1ee9ng cho c\u00e1c d\u1ef1 \u00e1n t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 tr\u00ean kh\u1eafp th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi.<\/p>\n\n

Ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed5i m\u1edbi<\/h2>\n\n

C\u00e1c ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch v\u00e0 \u01b0u \u0111\u00e3i c\u1ee7a ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u00f3ng m\u1ed9t vai tr\u00f2 quan tr\u1ecdng trong vi\u1ec7c th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y c\u00e1c d\u1ef1 \u00e1n gi\u1ea3m thi\u1ec3u kh\u00ed metan. V\u00ed d\u1ee5, ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n v\u00e0 th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a California khen th\u01b0\u1edfng c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng ty c\u1eaft gi\u1ea3m l\u01b0\u1ee3ng kh\u00ed th\u1ea3i nh\u00e0 k\u00ednh, bao g\u1ed3m c\u1ea3 kh\u00ed metan. Ngo\u00e0i ra, C\u01a1 quan B\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 M\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u00e3 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00e1c m\u1ecf than \u0111\u00e1 \u0111\u1ea7y h\u1ee9a h\u1eb9n cho c\u00e1c d\u1ef1 \u00e1n thu gi\u1eef v\u00e0 chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i kh\u00ed metan.<\/p>\n\n

T\u00ednh kh\u1ea3 thi v\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t kinh t\u1ebf<\/h2>\n\n

T\u00ednh kh\u1ea3 thi v\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t kinh t\u1ebf c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c d\u1ef1 \u00e1n n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng metan ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o nhi\u1ec1u y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1, bao g\u1ed3m chi ph\u00ed thu gi\u1eef metan, t\u00ednh s\u1eb5n c\u00f3 c\u1ee7a th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng cho l\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111i\u1ec7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ea1o ra v\u00e0 c\u00e1c \u01b0u \u0111\u00e3i c\u1ee7a ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7. Tuy nhi\u00ean, khi c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n v\u00e0 c\u00e1c ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch tr\u1edf n\u00ean thu\u1eadn l\u1ee3i h\u01a1n, n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng metan \u0111ang tr\u1edf n\u00ean ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng c\u1ea1nh tranh h\u01a1n so v\u1edbi c\u00e1c ngu\u1ed3n n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u00e1i t\u1ea1o kh\u00e1c.<\/p>\n\n

L\u1ee3i \u00edch v\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng<\/h2>\n\n

S\u1eed d\u1ee5ng kh\u00ed metan l\u00e0m nhi\u00ean li\u1ec7u s\u1ebd l\u00e0m gi\u1ea3m t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a kh\u00ed n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ebfn m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng. \u0110\u1ed1t ch\u00e1y kh\u00ed metan t\u1ea1o ra carbon dioxide v\u00e0 h\u01a1i n\u01b0\u1edbc, l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng kh\u00ed nh\u00e0 k\u00ednh \u00edt m\u1ea1nh h\u01a1n ch\u00ednh kh\u00ed metan. Ngo\u00e0i ra, c\u00e1c d\u1ef1 \u00e1n n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng metan c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 thay th\u1ebf nhi\u00ean li\u1ec7u h\u00f3a th\u1ea1ch, gi\u00fap gi\u1ea3m th\u00eam l\u01b0\u1ee3ng kh\u00ed th\u1ea3i carbon.<\/p>\n\n

T\u01b0\u01a1ng lai c\u1ee7a n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng metan<\/h2>\n\n

N\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng metan c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng \u0111\u00f3ng m\u1ed9t vai tr\u00f2 quan tr\u1ecdng trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i sang t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng s\u1ea1ch. V\u1edbi nh\u1eefng ti\u1ebfn b\u1ed9 li\u00ean t\u1ee5c v\u1ec1 c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 v\u00e0 c\u00e1c ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3, kh\u00ed metan t\u1eeb c\u00e1c m\u1ecf than \u0111\u00e1 v\u00e0 c\u00e1c ngu\u1ed3n kh\u00e1c c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t ngu\u1ed3n n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u00e1i t\u1ea1o ch\u00ednh, gi\u00fap gi\u1ea3m thi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i kh\u00ed h\u1eadu v\u00e0 gi\u1ea3m s\u1ef1 ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta v\u00e0o nhi\u00ean li\u1ec7u h\u00f3a th\u1ea1ch.<\/p>\n\n

C\u00e1c k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o<\/h2>\n\n

Ngo\u00e0i d\u1ef1 \u00e1n Elk Creek, c\u00e1c k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o kh\u00e1c c\u0169ng \u0111ang \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ec3 khai th\u00e1c kh\u00ed metan t\u1eeb c\u00e1c ngu\u1ed3n lo\u00e3ng. T\u1ea1i Trung Qu\u1ed1c, kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00f4ng gi\u00f3 v\u1edbi n\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ed9 metan th\u1ea5p t\u1edbi 0,3% \u0111ang \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111un n\u01b0\u1edbc cho c\u00e1c c\u01a1 s\u1edf khai th\u00e1c m\u1ecf. \u1ede \u00dac, m\u1ed9t nh\u00e0 m\u00e1y \u0111i\u1ec7n than k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p kh\u00ed metan t\u1eeb kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00f4ng gi\u00f3 v\u1edbi kh\u00ed metan c\u00f3 n\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ed9 cao t\u1eeb c\u00e1c l\u1ed7 khoan \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o ra \u0111i\u1ec7n.<\/p>\n\n

Zeolit nano l\u1ed7 r\u1ed7ng<\/h2>\n\n

C\u00e1c nh\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc c\u0169ng \u0111ang kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 vi\u1ec7c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng zeolit nano l\u1ed7 r\u1ed7ng, m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1i v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u c\u00f3 c\u00e1c l\u1ed7 nh\u1ecf li ti c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 h\u1ea5p th\u1ee5 ch\u1ecdn l\u1ecdc c\u00e1c ph\u00e2n t\u1eed metan. C\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 n\u00e0y c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng l\u00e0m gi\u1ea3m \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3 chi ph\u00ed t\u1ea1o ra \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eeb kh\u00ed metan th\u1ea3i c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed9 lo\u00e3ng cao, gi\u00fap cho c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 n\u00e0y tr\u1edf n\u00ean kh\u1ea3 thi h\u01a1n v\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t kinh t\u1ebf.<\/p>\n\n

Chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i m\u1ed1i phi\u1ec1n to\u00e1i th\u00e0nh ngu\u1ed3n t\u00e0i nguy\u00ean c\u00f3 gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb<\/h2>\n\n

Khi c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 v\u00e0 ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n, kh\u00ed metan \u0111ang \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i t\u1eeb m\u1ed9t m\u1ed1i phi\u1ec1n to\u00e1i c\u00f3 h\u1ea1i th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t ngu\u1ed3n n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u00f3 gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb. B\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch thu gi\u1eef v\u00e0 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng kh\u00ed metan t\u1eeb c\u00e1c m\u1ecf than \u0111\u00e1 v\u00e0 c\u00e1c ngu\u1ed3n kh\u00e1c, ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3m l\u01b0\u1ee3ng kh\u00ed th\u1ea3i nh\u00e0 k\u00ednh, th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y t\u0103ng tr\u01b0\u1edfng kinh t\u1ebf v\u00e0 t\u1ea1o ra m\u1ed9t t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng s\u1ea1ch h\u01a1n cho c\u00e1c th\u1ebf h\u1ec7 mai sau.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Khai th\u00e1c kh\u00ed metan: Bi\u1ebfn ch\u1ea5t th\u1ea3i t\u1eeb khai th\u00e1c than \u0111\u00e1 th\u00e0nh ngu\u1ed3n n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u00f3 gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb Kh\u00ed metan: M\u1ed9t ngu\u1ed3n n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng ti\u1ec1m \u1ea9n Kh\u00ed metan, m\u1ed9t…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":23790,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[369],"tags":[34,497,37,19170,4239,366,119,120],"class_list":["post-14276","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-energy-and-environment","tag-climate-change","tag-technology","tag-innovation","tag-coal-mining","tag-methane","tag-energy","tag-renewable-energy","tag-sustainability"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/14276","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=14276"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/14276\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":14277,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/14276\/revisions\/14277"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/23790"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=14276"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=14276"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=14276"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}