{"id":14284,"date":"2023-01-11T08:35:45","date_gmt":"2023-01-11T08:35:45","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/?p=14284"},"modified":"2023-01-11T08:35:45","modified_gmt":"2023-01-11T08:35:45","slug":"human-genome-a-decade-of-discovery-and-beyond","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/science\/genetics\/human-genome-a-decade-of-discovery-and-beyond\/","title":{"rendered":"B\u1ed9 gen ng\u01b0\u1eddi: H\u00e0nh tr\u00ecnh kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 b\u00ed \u1ea9n qua m\u1ed9t th\u1eadp k\u1ef7"},"content":{"rendered":"<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">B\u1ed9 gen ng\u01b0\u1eddi: H\u00e0nh tr\u00ecnh kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 b\u00ed \u1ea9n qua m\u1ed9t th\u1eadp k\u1ef7<\/h2>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Hi\u1ec3u v\u1ec1 b\u1ed9 gen ng\u01b0\u1eddi: H\u00e0nh tr\u00ecnh kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 b\u00ed \u1ea9n<\/h2>\n\n<p>N\u0103m 2003, c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f4ng b\u1ed1 b\u1ea3n thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf s\u1ef1 s\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi: D\u1ef1 \u00e1n b\u1ed9 gen ng\u01b0\u1eddi. Th\u00e0nh t\u1ef1u mang t\u00ednh b\u01b0\u1edbc ngo\u1eb7t n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 cung c\u1ea5p m\u1ed9t l\u1ed9 tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ec3 hi\u1ec3u c\u01a1 s\u1edf di truy\u1ec1n cho sinh h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta. Tuy nhi\u00ean, nh\u01b0 Ti\u1ebfn s\u0129 Eric D. Green, gi\u00e1m \u0111\u1ed1c Vi\u1ec7n nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u b\u1ed9 gen ng\u01b0\u1eddi qu\u1ed1c gia gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch, v\u1eabn c\u00f2n r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u \u0111i\u1ec1u b\u00ed \u1ea9n c\u1ea7n kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1.<\/p>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Nh\u1eefng ti\u1ebfn b\u1ed9 trong gi\u1ea3i tr\u00ecnh t\u1ef1 DNA: M\u1edf \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng cho s\u1ef1 ti\u1ebfn b\u1ed9<\/h2>\n\n<p>D\u1ef1 \u00e1n b\u1ed9 gen ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u1ef1a v\u00e0o nh\u1eefng ti\u1ebfn b\u1ed9 c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 gia t\u0103ng \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3i tr\u00ecnh t\u1ef1 b\u1ed9 gen ng\u01b0\u1eddi. K\u1ec3 t\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3, c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 gi\u1ea3i tr\u00ecnh t\u1ef1 m\u1edbi mang t\u00ednh c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng \u0111\u00e3 xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n, l\u00e0m gi\u1ea3m \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3 chi ph\u00ed v\u00e0 th\u1eddi gian c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3i tr\u00ecnh t\u1ef1. Ng\u00e0y nay, vi\u1ec7c gi\u1ea3i tr\u00ecnh t\u1ef1 b\u1ed9 gen ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u1ec9 m\u1ea5t v\u00e0i ng\u00e0y v\u00e0 c\u00f3 chi ph\u00ed d\u01b0\u1edbi 5.000 \u0111\u00f4 la.<\/p>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 nh\u1eefng b\u00ed m\u1eadt c\u1ee7a b\u1ed9 gen: Nh\u1eefng ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n m\u1edbi<\/h2>\n\n<p>Ph\u00e2n t\u00edch tr\u00ecnh t\u1ef1 b\u1ed9 gen ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 mang l\u1ea1i r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n m\u1edbi. M\u1ed9t kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 \u0111\u00e1ng ng\u1ea1c nhi\u00ean l\u00e0 con ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 \u00edt gen h\u01a1n nhi\u1ec1u so v\u1edbi suy ngh\u0129 tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00e2y, ch\u1ec9 v\u1edbi kho\u1ea3ng 20.000 gen. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y cho th\u1ea5y r\u1eb1ng s\u1ef1 ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta kh\u00f4ng n\u1eb1m \u1edf s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng gen m\u00e0 n\u1eb1m \u1edf s\u1ef1 \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u00f2a ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng gen n\u00e0y.<\/p>\n\n<p>M\u1ed9t ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n quan tr\u1ecdng kh\u00e1c l\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00e1c tr\u00ecnh t\u1ef1 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ea3o t\u1ed3n cao b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i c\u00e1c v\u00f9ng m\u00e3 h\u00f3a. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta tin r\u1eb1ng c\u00e1c tr\u00ecnh t\u1ef1 n\u00e0y \u0111\u00f3ng vai tr\u00f2 r\u1ea5t quan tr\u1ecdng trong \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u00f2a gen, ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng t\u1eafc \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh \u0111\u1ed9 s\u00e1ng \u0111\u1ec3 ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t s\u1ef1 bi\u1ec3u hi\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a gen. M\u1ea1ng l\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u00f2a ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p n\u00e0y l\u00e0 c\u01a1 s\u1edf cho s\u1ef1 ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p v\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t sinh h\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi.<\/p>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 t\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u s\u1ef1 bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i: Kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 nh\u1eefng kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c c\u00e1 th\u1ec3<\/h2>\n\n<p>M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 b\u1ed9 gen ng\u01b0\u1eddi nh\u00ecn chung l\u00e0 gi\u1ed1ng nhau, nh\u01b0ng c\u0169ng c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c c\u00e1 th\u1ec3. Nh\u1eefng bi\u1ebfn th\u1ec3 n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn t\u00ednh nh\u1ea1y c\u1ea3m v\u1edbi b\u1ec7nh t\u1eadt v\u00e0 c\u00e1c qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh sinh h\u1ecdc. Vi\u1ec7c x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u00e0 hi\u1ec3u c\u00e1c bi\u1ebfn th\u1ec3 n\u00e0y l\u00e0 tr\u1ecdng t\u00e2m ch\u00ednh c\u1ee7a nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u v\u1ec1 gen hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i.<\/p>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">T\u1eadn d\u1ee5ng gen \u0111\u1ec3 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u b\u1ec7nh t\u1eadt: \u0110\u1ea9y m\u1ea1nh y h\u1ecdc ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c<\/h2>\n\n<p>Genomics \u0111\u00e3 c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng h\u00f3a s\u1ef1 hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c b\u1ec7nh di truy\u1ec1n. Hi\u1ec7n ch\u00fang ta \u0111\u00e3 bi\u1ebft c\u01a1 s\u1edf di truy\u1ec1n c\u1ee7a h\u00e0ng ngh\u00ecn b\u1ec7nh hi\u1ebfm g\u1eb7p v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e3 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1c bi\u1ebfn th\u1ec3 nguy c\u01a1 cho c\u00e1c b\u1ec7nh ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn nh\u01b0 ti\u1ec3u \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng v\u00e0 b\u1ec7nh tim. Ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 m\u1edf \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng cho c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p \u0111i\u1ec1u tr\u1ecb \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eafm m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau v\u00e0 c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n h\u00f3a h\u01a1n, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 y h\u1ecdc ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c.<\/p>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Nh\u1eefng th\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u01b0\u1edbng t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai: M\u1edf kh\u00f3a ti\u1ec1m n\u0103ng \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 c\u1ee7a gen<\/h2>\n\n<p>M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eefng ti\u1ebfn b\u1ed9 \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3, nh\u01b0ng v\u1eabn c\u00f2n nh\u1eefng th\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c trong vi\u1ec7c gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch tr\u00ecnh t\u1ef1 b\u1ed9 gen ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u00e0 chuy\u1ec3n ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c n\u00e0y th\u00e0nh c\u00e1c \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng l\u00e2m s\u00e0ng. C\u00e1c nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u trong t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai s\u1ebd t\u1eadp trung v\u00e0o:<\/p>\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>X\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c c\u00e1c bi\u1ebfn th\u1ec3 g\u00e2y ra nguy c\u01a1 m\u1eafc b\u1ec7nh<\/li>\n<li>Ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u00e1c li\u1ec7u ph\u00e1p \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh bi\u1ec3u hi\u1ec7n gen v\u00e0 gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft c\u00e1c r\u1ed1i lo\u1ea1n di truy\u1ec1n<\/li>\n<li>S\u1eed d\u1ee5ng tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7 nh\u00e2n t\u1ea1o v\u00e0 h\u1ecdc m\u00e1y \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea9y nhanh ph\u00e2n t\u00edch b\u1ed9 gen<\/li>\n<li>M\u1edf r\u1ed9ng s\u1ef1 hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c gi\u1eefa di truy\u1ec1n h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 c\u00e1c y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">K\u1ebft lu\u1eadn<\/h2>\n\n<p>D\u1ef1 \u00e1n b\u1ed9 gen ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t kho\u1ea3nh kh\u1eafc mang t\u00ednh bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i trong l\u1ecbch s\u1eed khoa h\u1ecdc, cung c\u1ea5p c\u00e1i nh\u00ecn s\u00e2u s\u1eafc ch\u01b0a t\u1eebng c\u00f3 v\u1ec1 b\u1ed9 gen ng\u01b0\u1eddi. Tuy nhi\u00ean, n\u00f3 c\u0169ng \u0111\u00e1nh d\u1ea5u s\u1ef1 kh\u1edfi \u0111\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t k\u1ef7 nguy\u00ean kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 m\u1edbi, khi c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c gi\u1ea3i m\u00e3 s\u1ef1 ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p c\u1ee7a b\u1ed9 gen v\u00e0 vai tr\u00f2 c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe v\u00e0 b\u1ec7nh t\u1eadt. B\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch n\u1eafm b\u1eaft nh\u1eefng ti\u1ebfn b\u1ed9 c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 v\u00e0 th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y s\u1ef1 h\u1ee3p t\u00e1c li\u00ean ng\u00e0nh, ch\u00fang ta s\u1ebd ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c m\u1edf kh\u00f3a ti\u1ec1m n\u0103ng \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 c\u1ee7a gen v\u00e0 c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>B\u1ed9 gen ng\u01b0\u1eddi: H\u00e0nh tr\u00ecnh kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 b\u00ed \u1ea9n qua m\u1ed9t th\u1eadp k\u1ef7 Hi\u1ec3u v\u1ec1 b\u1ed9 gen ng\u01b0\u1eddi: H\u00e0nh tr\u00ecnh kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 b\u00ed \u1ea9n N\u0103m 2003, c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc&hellip;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":6,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1628],"tags":[3184,19184,188,4502,3268,99,5615],"class_list":["post-14284","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-genetics","tag-dna","tag-human-genome","tag-genetics","tag-gene-regulation","tag-genomics","tag-lifescienceart","tag-precision-medicine"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/14284","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/6"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=14284"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/14284\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":14285,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/14284\/revisions\/14285"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=14284"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=14284"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=14284"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}