{"id":14286,"date":"2020-03-09T21:24:37","date_gmt":"2020-03-09T21:24:37","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/?p=14286"},"modified":"2020-03-09T21:24:37","modified_gmt":"2020-03-09T21:24:37","slug":"james-watson-nobel-medal-auction-controversy-and-backlash","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/science\/genetics\/james-watson-nobel-medal-auction-controversy-and-backlash\/","title":{"rendered":"\u0110\u1ea5u gi\u00e1 huy ch\u01b0\u01a1ng Nobel c\u1ee7a James Watson: Tranh c\u00e3i v\u00e0 ph\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ed1i"},"content":{"rendered":"

\u0110\u1ea5u gi\u00e1 huy ch\u01b0\u01a1ng Nobel c\u1ee7a James Watson: Tranh c\u00e3i v\u00e0 ph\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ed1i<\/h2>\n\n

Huy ch\u01b0\u01a1ng Nobel s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ea5u gi\u00e1<\/h2>\n\n

V\u00e0o th\u1ee9 N\u0103m, huy ch\u01b0\u01a1ng Nobel c\u1ee7a James Watson cho vai tr\u00f2 c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng trong vi\u1ec7c kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac DNA s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ea5u gi\u00e1, khi\u1ebfn \u00f4ng tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean \u0111o\u1ea1t gi\u1ea3i Nobel b\u00e1n gi\u1ea3i th\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh. Watson, hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u00e3 90 tu\u1ed5i, \u0111\u00e3 ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ed1i m\u1eb7t v\u1edbi ch\u1ec9 tr\u00edch v\u00e0 ph\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ed1i v\u00ec nh\u1eefng b\u00ecnh lu\u1eadn ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t ch\u1ee7ng t\u1ed9c v\u00e0 ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t gi\u1edbi t\u00ednh c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh trong nhi\u1ec1u n\u0103m, d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn vi\u1ec7c \u00f4ng b\u1ecb c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng khoa h\u1ecdc t\u1ea9y chay.<\/p>\n\n

Nh\u1eefng b\u00ecnh lu\u1eadn ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t ch\u1ee7ng t\u1ed9c v\u00e0 ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t gi\u1edbi t\u00ednh c\u1ee7a Watson<\/h2>\n\n

S\u1ef1 nghi\u1ec7p c\u1ee7a Watson \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ecb h\u1ee7y ho\u1ea1i b\u1edfi m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1t c\u00e1c tuy\u00ean b\u1ed1 g\u00e2y kh\u00f3 ch\u1ecbu v\u00e0 ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed1i x\u1eed. N\u0103m 2007, \u00f4ng \u0111\u00e3 g\u00e2y ra s\u1ef1 ph\u1eabn n\u1ed9 v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng b\u00ecnh lu\u1eadn m\u00e0 \u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0a ra v\u1edbi t\u1edd Sunday Times, b\u00e0y t\u1ecf ni\u1ec1m tin r\u1eb1ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u00e2u Phi k\u00e9m th\u00f4ng minh h\u01a1n nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi thu\u1ed9c c\u00e1c ch\u1ee7ng t\u1ed9c kh\u00e1c. \u00d4ng c\u0169ng \u0111\u01b0a ra nh\u1eefng l\u1eddi l\u1ebd mi\u1ec7t th\u1ecb v\u1ec1 ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef trong khoa h\u1ecdc, ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u00e9o ph\u00ec v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ed3ng t\u00ednh.<\/p>\n\n

H\u1eadu qu\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng b\u00ecnh lu\u1eadn c\u1ee7a Watson<\/h2>\n\n

Nh\u1eefng b\u00ecnh lu\u1eadn ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t ch\u1ee7ng t\u1ed9c v\u00e0 ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t gi\u1edbi t\u00ednh c\u1ee7a Watson \u0111\u00e3 d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 l\u00ean \u00e1n r\u1ed9ng r\u00e3i t\u1eeb c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng khoa h\u1ecdc. \u00d4ng \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ecb t\u01b0\u1edbc t\u01b0 c\u00e1ch th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean h\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ed3ng qu\u1ea3n tr\u1ecb 40 n\u0103m t\u1ea1i Ph\u00f2ng th\u00ed nghi\u1ec7m Cold Spring Harbor v\u00e0 b\u1ecb nhi\u1ec1u c\u1ef1u \u0111\u1ed3ng nghi\u1ec7p xa l\u00e1nh.<\/p>\n\n

Cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ea5u gi\u00e1 v\u00e0 s\u1ed1 ti\u1ec1n thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u1ef1 ki\u1ebfn<\/h2>\n\n

B\u1ea5t ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eefng tranh c\u00e3i xung quanh Watson, cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ea5u gi\u00e1 huy ch\u01b0\u01a1ng Nobel c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng d\u1ef1 ki\u1ebfn s\u1ebd thu v\u1ec1 m\u1ed9t kho\u1ea3n ti\u1ec1n l\u1edbn. BBC \u0111\u01b0a tin r\u1eb1ng gi\u1ea3i th\u01b0\u1edfng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u00e1n v\u1edbi gi\u00e1 l\u00ean t\u1edbi 3,5 tri\u1ec7u \u0111\u00f4 la, c\u1ed9ng th\u00eam 350.000 \u0111\u00f4 la cho nh\u1eefng ghi ch\u00fa vi\u1ebft tay c\u1ee7a Watson t\u1eeb b\u00e0i ph\u00e1t bi\u1ec3u nh\u1eadn gi\u1ea3i c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng. Watson \u0111\u00e3 tuy\u00ean b\u1ed1 r\u1eb1ng m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n s\u1ed1 ti\u1ec1n thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c quy\u00ean g\u00f3p cho c\u00e1c t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c t\u1eeb thi\u1ec7n v\u00e0 h\u1ecdc thu\u1eadt, trong khi \u00f4ng c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ec3 mua m\u1ed9t b\u1ee9c tranh c\u1ee7a David Hockney.<\/p>\n\n

\u0110\u00f3ng g\u00f3p kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ghi nh\u1eadn c\u1ee7a Rosalind Franklin<\/h2>\n\n

Khi th\u1ea3o lu\u1eadn v\u1ec1 kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 DNA c\u1ee7a Watson, \u0111i\u1ec1u quan tr\u1ecdng l\u00e0 ph\u1ea3i th\u1eeba nh\u1eadn nh\u1eefng \u0111\u00f3ng g\u00f3p to l\u1edbn c\u1ee7a Rosalind Franklin, ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh tinh th\u1ec3 h\u1ecdc tia X r\u1ea5t quan tr\u1ecdng \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh c\u1ee7a Watson v\u00e0 Francis Crick. M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 \u0111\u00f3ng vai tr\u00f2 thi\u1ebft y\u1ebfu, Franklin kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00f4ng nh\u1eadn l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed3ng kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 ra DNA v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e3 qua \u0111\u1eddi v\u00ec b\u1ec7nh ung th\u01b0 tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00f4ng nh\u1eadn nh\u1eefng \u0111\u00f3ng g\u00f3p c\u1ee7a b\u00e0.<\/p>\n\n

M\u1ed1i b\u1ea5t h\u00f2a c\u1ee7a Watson v\u1edbi E.O. Wilson<\/h2>\n\n

M\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 g\u00e2y tranh c\u00e3i c\u1ee7a Watson v\u1edbi nh\u00e0 sinh v\u1eadt h\u1ecdc n\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng E.O. Wilson c\u00e0ng l\u00e0m d\u1ea5y l\u00ean nh\u1eefng l\u1eddi ch\u1ec9 tr\u00edch v\u1ec1 nh\u00e2n c\u00e1ch c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng. Wilson tin r\u1eb1ng thi\u00ean t\u00e0i c\u1ee7a Watson \u1edf \u0111\u1ed9 tu\u1ed5i tr\u1ebb \u0111\u00e3 khi\u1ebfn \u00f4ng c\u00f3 c\u1ea3m gi\u00e1c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u01b0\u1edfng quy\u1ec1n l\u1ee3i v\u00e0 cho ph\u00e9p \u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0a ra nh\u1eefng tuy\u00ean b\u1ed1 ng\u00f4ng cu\u1ed3ng m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ecbu h\u1eadu qu\u1ea3.<\/p>\n\n

Nh\u1eefng l\u1eddi ch\u1ec9 tr\u00edch t\u1eeb Laura Helmuth v\u00e0 Adam Rutherford<\/h2>\n\n

C\u00e1c nh\u00e0 v\u0103n khoa h\u1ecdc Laura Helmuth v\u00e0 Adam Rutherford \u0111\u00e3 l\u00ean ti\u1ebfng ch\u1ec9 tr\u00edch cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ea5u gi\u00e1 huy ch\u01b0\u01a1ng Nobel c\u1ee7a Watson. Helmuth \u0111\u00e3 l\u00ean \u00e1n nh\u1eefng b\u00ecnh lu\u1eadn ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t ch\u1ee7ng t\u1ed9c v\u00e0 ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t gi\u1edbi t\u00ednh c\u1ee7a Watson, trong khi Rutherford l\u1eadp lu\u1eadn r\u1eb1ng \u0111i\u1ec1u quan tr\u1ecdng l\u00e0 ph\u1ea3i th\u1eeba nh\u1eadn c\u1ea3 s\u1ef1 v\u0129 \u0111\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a khoa h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng khi\u1ebfm khuy\u1ebft c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh n\u00f3.<\/p>\n\n

Quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh b\u00e1n huy ch\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u1ee7a Watson<\/h2>\n\n

Quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh b\u00e1n huy ch\u01b0\u01a1ng Nobel c\u1ee7a Watson \u0111\u00e3 nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nhi\u1ec1u ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng tr\u00e1i chi\u1ec1u. M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 ng\u01b0\u1eddi tin r\u1eb1ng \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c ch\u00ednh \u0111\u00e1ng \u0111\u1ec3 l\u1ea5y l\u1ea1i m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n danh ti\u1ebfng \u0111\u00e3 m\u1ea5t v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u1ec1 t\u00e0i ch\u00ednh c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng, trong khi nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c l\u1ea1i coi \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c tuy\u1ec7t v\u1ecdng \u0111\u1ec3 ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c c\u00f3 li\u00ean quan v\u00e0 h\u01b0\u1edfng l\u1ee3i t\u1eeb nh\u1eefng th\u00e0nh t\u1ef1u trong qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9 c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng.<\/p>\n\n

Tranh c\u00e3i xung quanh cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ea5u gi\u00e1<\/h2>\n\n

Cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ea5u gi\u00e1 huy ch\u01b0\u01a1ng Nobel c\u1ee7a Watson \u0111\u00e3 g\u00e2y ra cu\u1ed9c tranh lu\u1eadn v\u1ec1 \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c khi b\u00e1n m\u1ed9t gi\u1ea3i th\u01b0\u1edfng danh gi\u00e1 nh\u01b0 v\u1eady. M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 ng\u01b0\u1eddi cho r\u1eb1ng \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 ph\u1ea3n b\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng khoa h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 di s\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 c\u1ed1ng hi\u1ebfn c\u1ea3 cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1eddi cho kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 khoa h\u1ecdc. Nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c tin r\u1eb1ng Watson c\u00f3 quy\u1ec1n l\u00e0m b\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 \u0111i\u1ec1u g\u00ec m\u00ecnh mu\u1ed1n v\u1edbi t\u00e0i s\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh, b\u1ea5t k\u1ec3 c\u00f3 tranh c\u00e3i xung quanh nh\u1eefng b\u00ecnh lu\u1eadn trong qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9 c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng.<\/p>\n\n

Di s\u1ea3n li\u00ean t\u1ee5c c\u1ee7a James Watson<\/h2>\n\n

B\u1ea5t ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eefng tranh c\u00e3i xung quanh nh\u1eefng n\u0103m cu\u1ed1i \u0111\u1eddi, nh\u1eefng \u0111\u00f3ng g\u00f3p c\u1ee7a James Watson cho khoa h\u1ecdc l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 ph\u1ee7 nh\u1eadn. Kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 DNA c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng \u0111\u00e3 thay \u0111\u1ed5i s\u1ef1 hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta v\u1ec1 di truy\u1ec1n h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 \u0111\u1eb7t n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng cho n\u1ec1n y h\u1ecdc hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i. Tuy nhi\u00ean, nh\u1eefng b\u00ecnh lu\u1eadn ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t ch\u1ee7ng t\u1ed9c v\u00e0 ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t gi\u1edbi t\u00ednh c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ec3 l\u1ea1i m\u1ed9t v\u1ebft nh\u01a1 l\u00e2u d\u00e0i trong di s\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh, nh\u1eafc nh\u1edf ch\u00fang ta r\u1eb1ng ngay c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng b\u1ed9 \u00f3c l\u1ed7i l\u1ea1c c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 b\u1ecb \u0111\u1ecbnh ki\u1ebfn v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 kh\u00f4ng khoan dung l\u00e0m t\u1ed5n th\u01b0\u01a1ng.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

\u0110\u1ea5u gi\u00e1 huy ch\u01b0\u01a1ng Nobel c\u1ee7a James Watson: Tranh c\u00e3i v\u00e0 ph\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ed1i Huy ch\u01b0\u01a1ng Nobel s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ea5u gi\u00e1 V\u00e0o th\u1ee9 N\u0103m, huy ch\u01b0\u01a1ng Nobel c\u1ee7a James Watson cho…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1628],"tags":[3184,902,5323,3064,19185,97,19186,10],"class_list":["post-14286","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-genetics","tag-dna","tag-racism","tag-sexism","tag-legacy","tag-james-watson","tag-science","tag-nobel-medal","tag-controversy"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/14286","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=14286"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/14286\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":14287,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/14286\/revisions\/14287"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=14286"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=14286"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=14286"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}