{"id":14385,"date":"2020-11-25T22:32:05","date_gmt":"2020-11-25T22:32:05","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/?p=14385"},"modified":"2020-11-25T22:32:05","modified_gmt":"2020-11-25T22:32:05","slug":"neanderthals-masters-of-fire","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/science\/anthropology\/neanderthals-masters-of-fire\/","title":{"rendered":"Ng\u01b0\u1eddi Neanderthal: Nh\u1eefng b\u1eadc th\u1ea7y c\u1ee7a l\u1eeda"},"content":{"rendered":"<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Ng\u01b0\u1eddi Neanderthal: Nh\u1eefng b\u1eadc th\u1ea7y c\u1ee7a l\u1eeda<\/h2>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">B\u1eb1ng ch\u1ee9ng cho th\u1ea5y h\u1ecd h\u00e0ng Ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta t\u1ef1 t\u1ea1o ra l\u1eeda<\/h2>\n\n<p>Trong nhi\u1ec1u n\u0103m, ch\u00fang ta bi\u1ebft r\u1eb1ng Ng\u01b0\u1eddi Neanderthal, h\u1ecd h\u00e0ng Ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta, c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u \u0111i\u1ec3m gi\u1ed1ng v\u1edbi ch\u00fang ta. H\u1ecd ch\u1ebf t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed3 trang s\u1ee9c, tr\u00e2n tr\u1ecdng c\u00e1i \u0111\u1eb9p v\u00e0 ch\u00f4n c\u1ea5t ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u1ebft. C\u00e1c nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u g\u1ea7n \u0111\u00e2y th\u1eadm ch\u00ed c\u00f2n ch\u1ec9 ra r\u1eb1ng h\u1ecd s\u1edf h\u1eefu ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef. Hi\u1ec7n nay, m\u1ed9t nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u \u0111\u1ed9t ph\u00e1 cho th\u1ea5y r\u1eb1ng Ng\u01b0\u1eddi Neanderthal c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u00e3 th\u00e0nh th\u1ea1o m\u1ed9t c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 m\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta t\u1eebng ngh\u0129 l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9c nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi lo\u00e0i c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta: t\u1ea1o ra l\u1eeda theo nhu c\u1ea7u.<\/p>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">R\u00ecu tay nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 t\u1ea1o l\u1eeda<\/h2>\n\n<p>C\u00e1c nh\u00e0 kh\u1ea3o c\u1ed5 h\u1ecdc t\u1eeb l\u00e2u \u0111\u00e3 bi\u1ebft r\u1eb1ng Ng\u01b0\u1eddi Neanderthal s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng l\u1eeda, nh\u01b0ng h\u1ecd cho r\u1eb1ng h\u1ecd d\u1ef1a v\u00e0o c\u00e1c ngu\u1ed3n t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean nh\u01b0 s\u00e9t ho\u1eb7c ch\u00e1y r\u1eebng. Tuy nhi\u00ean, Andrew Sorensen c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc Leiden \u0111\u00e3 th\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c gi\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ecbnh n\u00e0y.<\/p>\n\n<p>Sorensen \u0111\u01b0a ra gi\u1ea3 thuy\u1ebft r\u1eb1ng Ng\u01b0\u1eddi Neanderthal c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u00e3 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng r\u00ecu tay, m\u1ed9t c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 b\u1eb1ng \u0111\u00e1 s\u1eafc b\u00e9n l\u00e0m t\u1eeb \u0111\u00e1 l\u1eeda, \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1eadp v\u00e0o pirit, m\u1ed9t kho\u00e1ng ch\u1ea5t t\u1ea1o ra tia l\u1eeda. \u0110\u1ec3 ki\u1ec3m tra l\u00fd thuy\u1ebft c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh, \u00f4ng \u0111\u00e3 t\u1ea1o ra nh\u1eefng chi\u1ebfc r\u00ecu tay c\u1ee7a ri\u00eang m\u00ecnh v\u00e0 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng ch\u00fang \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1eadp v\u00e0o pirit, t\u1ea1o ra nh\u1eefng c\u01a1n m\u01b0a tia l\u1eeda nh\u1ecf c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 nu\u00f4i d\u01b0\u1ee1ng th\u00e0nh ng\u1ecdn l\u1eeda l\u1edbn h\u01a1n.<\/p>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">B\u1eb1ng ch\u1ee9ng vi m\u00f4<\/h2>\n\n<p>Sau \u0111\u00f3, Sorensen \u0111\u00e3 ki\u1ec3m tra c\u00e1c v\u1ebft h\u1eb1n si\u00eau nh\u1ecf tr\u00ean r\u00ecu tay do pirit \u0111\u1ec3 l\u1ea1i. Nh\u1eefng v\u1ebft h\u1eb1n n\u00e0y mang t\u00ednh \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t v\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o ra b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch \u0111\u1eadp v\u00e0o pirit.<\/p>\n\n<p>\u00d4ng \u0111\u00e3 so s\u00e1nh nh\u1eefng v\u1ebft h\u1eb1n trong th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m n\u00e0y v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng chi\u1ebfc r\u00ecu tay t\u00ecm th\u1ea5y t\u1ea1i c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecba \u0111i\u1ec3m kh\u1ea3o c\u1ed5 c\u00f3 li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn Ng\u01b0\u1eddi Neanderthal. K\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 th\u1eadt \u0111\u00e1ng kinh ng\u1ea1c: 26 b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t tr\u00ean 20 chi\u1ebfc r\u00ecu tay cho th\u1ea5y nh\u1eefng v\u1ebft h\u1eb1n \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t n\u00e0y, cho th\u1ea5y r\u1eb1ng Ng\u01b0\u1eddi Neanderthal th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 \u0111\u00e3 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng ch\u00fang \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o ra l\u1eeda.<\/p>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n g\u00e2y tranh c\u00e3i<\/h2>\n\n<p>Nh\u1eefng ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u \u0111\u00e3 g\u00e2y ra tranh c\u00e3i. M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 chuy\u00ean gia, nh\u01b0 Dennis Sandgathe c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc Simon Fraser, l\u1eadp lu\u1eadn r\u1eb1ng k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt so s\u00e1nh &#8220;v\u1ebft m\u00f2n&#8221; trong th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m v\u1edbi c\u00e1c hi\u1ec7n v\u1eadt kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t khoa h\u1ecdc ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c. Sorensen th\u1eeba nh\u1eadn h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf n\u00e0y nh\u01b0ng v\u1eabn kh\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ecbnh r\u1eb1ng b\u1eb1ng ch\u1ee9ng cho th\u1ea5y r\u1eb1ng Ng\u01b0\u1eddi Neanderthal c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng t\u1ea1o ra l\u1eeda theo nhu c\u1ea7u.<\/p>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch thay th\u1ebf<\/h2>\n\n<p>Sandgathe c\u0169ng ch\u1ec9 ra r\u1eb1ng \u00f4ng kh\u00f4ng t\u00ecm th\u1ea5y b\u1eb1ng ch\u1ee9ng v\u1ec1 vi\u1ec7c r\u00ecu tay v\u00e0 pirit \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00f9ng nhau trong c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t l\u1edbp kh\u1ea3o c\u1ed5. Tuy nhi\u00ean, \u00f4ng th\u1eeba nh\u1eadn r\u1eb1ng h\u1ed3 s\u01a1 kh\u1ea3o c\u1ed5 cho giai \u0111o\u1ea1n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp c\u00f2n ch\u01b0a \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7.<\/p>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u00dd ngh\u0129a c\u1ee7a kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1<\/h2>\n\n<p>N\u1ebfu nh\u1eefng ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a Sorensen \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e1c nh\u1eadn, ch\u00fang s\u1ebd c\u00f3 \u00fd ngh\u0129a quan tr\u1ecdng \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta v\u1ec1 Ng\u01b0\u1eddi Neanderthal. \u0110i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 s\u1ebd cho th\u1ea5y r\u1eb1ng h\u1ecd th\u1eadm ch\u00ed c\u00f2n ti\u1ebfn b\u1ed9 v\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 h\u01a1n nh\u1eefng g\u00ec ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta t\u1eebng ngh\u0129.<\/p>\n\n<p>Ngo\u00e0i ra, \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y l\u00e0m d\u1ea5y l\u00ean kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng r\u1eb1ng Ng\u01b0\u1eddi Neanderthal c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u00e3 d\u1ea1y cho nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi ti\u1ec1n s\u1eed k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt t\u1ea1o l\u1eeda theo nhu c\u1ea7u. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 h\u1ecd h\u00e0ng Ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u00f3ng m\u1ed9t vai tr\u00f2 quan tr\u1ecdng trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi.<\/p>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u \u0111ang di\u1ec5n ra<\/h2>\n\n<p>Sorensen c\u00f3 k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ec3 t\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u xem c\u00e1c lo\u00e0i Ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c, bao g\u1ed3m c\u1ea3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ti\u1ec1n s\u1eed, c\u00f3 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt t\u1ea1o l\u1eeda t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 hay kh\u00f4ng. C\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m s\u00e1ng t\u1ecf th\u00eam qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh ti\u1ebfn h\u00f3a c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 v\u00e0 v\u0103n h\u00f3a c\u1ee7a t\u1ed5 ti\u00ean ch\u00fang ta.<\/p>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">T\u00f3m t\u1eaft<\/h2>\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Ng\u01b0\u1eddi Neanderthal c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u00e3 s\u1edf h\u1eefu kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng t\u1ea1o ra l\u1eeda theo nhu c\u1ea7u b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng r\u00ecu tay b\u1eb1ng \u0111\u00e1 l\u1eeda v\u00e0 pirit.<\/li>\n<li>B\u1eb1ng ch\u1ee9ng vi m\u00f4 tr\u00ean nh\u1eefng chi\u1ebfc r\u00ecu tay t\u1eeb c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecba \u0111i\u1ec3m kh\u1ea3o c\u1ed5 \u1ee7ng h\u1ed9 gi\u1ea3 thuy\u1ebft n\u00e0y.<\/li>\n<li>Nh\u1eefng ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n n\u00e0y g\u00e2y tranh c\u00e3i, nh\u01b0ng ch\u00fang cho th\u1ea5y r\u1eb1ng Ng\u01b0\u1eddi Neanderthal ti\u1ebfn b\u1ed9 h\u01a1n v\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 so v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng g\u00ec ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta t\u1eebng tin.<\/li>\n<li>Ng\u01b0\u1eddi Neanderthal c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u00f3ng m\u1ed9t vai tr\u00f2 trong vi\u1ec7c d\u1ea1y cho nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi ti\u1ec1n s\u1eed k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt t\u1ea1o l\u1eeda.<\/li>\n<\/ul>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Ng\u01b0\u1eddi Neanderthal: Nh\u1eefng b\u1eadc th\u1ea7y c\u1ee7a l\u1eeda B\u1eb1ng ch\u1ee9ng cho th\u1ea5y h\u1ecd h\u00e0ng Ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta t\u1ef1 t\u1ea1o ra l\u1eeda Trong nhi\u1ec1u n\u0103m, ch\u00fang ta bi\u1ebft r\u1eb1ng Ng\u01b0\u1eddi Neanderthal,&hellip;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":6,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1022],"tags":[88,4040,1019,487,253],"class_list":["post-14385","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-anthropology","tag-archaeology","tag-fire","tag-neanderthals","tag-human-evolution","tag-prehistory"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/14385","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/6"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=14385"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/14385\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":14386,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/14385\/revisions\/14386"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=14385"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=14385"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=14385"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}