{"id":14423,"date":"2020-09-08T22:40:57","date_gmt":"2020-09-08T22:40:57","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/?p=14423"},"modified":"2020-09-08T22:40:57","modified_gmt":"2020-09-08T22:40:57","slug":"fossil-footprints-laetoil-early-human-ancestors","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/science\/anthropology\/fossil-footprints-laetoil-early-human-ancestors\/","title":{"rendered":"D\u1ea5u ch\u00e2n Laetoli: Tr\u00ean h\u00e0nh tr\u00ecnh t\u00ecm v\u1ec1 t\u1ed5 ti\u00ean lo\u00e0i ng\u01b0\u1eddi"},"content":{"rendered":"

D\u1ea5u ch\u00e2n h\u00f3a th\u1ea1ch cung c\u1ea5p hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft s\u00e2u s\u1eafc v\u1ec1 t\u1ed5 ti\u00ean lo\u00e0i ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 \u0111\u1ea7u<\/h2>\n\n

Ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n d\u1ea5u ch\u00e2n \u1edf Laetoli<\/h2>\n\n

N\u0103m 1978, c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 mang t\u00ednh \u0111\u1ed9t ph\u00e1 t\u1ea1i Laetoli, Tanzania: m\u1ed9t chu\u1ed7i d\u1ea5u ch\u00e2n d\u00e0i 27 m\u00e9t, c\u00f3 ni\u00ean \u0111\u1ea1i 3,6 tri\u1ec7u n\u0103m tr\u01b0\u1edbc. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta cho r\u1eb1ng nh\u1eefng d\u1ea5u ch\u00e2n n\u00e0y thu\u1ed9c v\u1ec1 hai t\u1ed5 ti\u00ean s\u1edbm c\u1ee7a lo\u00e0i ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 Australopithecus afarensis, \u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n cho b\u1eb1ng ch\u1ee9ng s\u1edbm nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ebfn v\u1ec1 vi\u1ec7c \u0111i b\u1eb1ng hai ch\u00e2n trong l\u1ecbch s\u1eed ti\u1ebfn h\u00f3a c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta.<\/p>\n\n

Nh\u1eefng kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 m\u1edbi m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta<\/h2>\n\n

C\u00e1c \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 g\u1ea7n \u0111\u00e2y v\u1ec1 \u0111\u1ecba \u0111i\u1ec3m Laetoli \u0111\u00e3 ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n ra m\u1ed9t nh\u00f3m d\u1ea5u ch\u00e2n \u0111i b\u1eb1ng hai ch\u00e2n kh\u00e1c, cung c\u1ea5p nh\u1eefng hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft m\u1edbi c\u00f3 gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb v\u1ec1 h\u00e0nh vi v\u00e0 c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi ti\u1ec1n s\u1eed n\u00e0y. C\u00e1c ph\u00e2n t\u00edch cho th\u1ea5y nh\u1eefng d\u1ea5u ch\u00e2n m\u1edbi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ea1o ra b\u1edfi m\u1ed9t nh\u00f3m bao g\u1ed3m m\u1ed9t con \u0111\u1ef1c, ba con c\u00e1i v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ee9a tr\u1ebb.<\/p>\n\n

S\u1ef1 th\u1ed1ng tr\u1ecb c\u1ee7a con \u0111\u1ef1c v\u00e0 c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i<\/h2>\n\n

K\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c d\u1ea5u ch\u00e2n ch\u1ec9 ra r\u1eb1ng con \u0111\u1ef1c Australopithecus l\u1edbn h\u01a1n \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3 so v\u1edbi c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ghi nh\u1eadn c\u1ee7a lo\u00e0i n\u00e0y, \u01b0\u1edbc t\u00ednh cao kho\u1ea3ng 1,65 m\u00e9t. Kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 n\u00e0y th\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c quan \u0111i\u1ec3m truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng v\u1ec1 c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i c\u1ee7a lo\u00e0i ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 \u0111\u1ea7u. C\u00e1c nh\u00e0 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u hi\u1ec7n tin r\u1eb1ng nh\u1eefng con \u0111\u1ef1c c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u b\u1ea1n t\u00ecnh, t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 nh\u01b0 h\u00e0nh vi x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c quan s\u00e1t th\u1ea5y \u1edf lo\u00e0i kh\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ed9t.<\/p>\n\n

V\u1ebft n\u1ee9t c\u1ee7a Lucy v\u00e0 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng leo tr\u00e8o<\/h2>\n\n

Lucy, b\u1ed9 x\u01b0\u01a1ng Australopithecus afarensis n\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n v\u00e0o n\u0103m 1974,\u4e00\u76f4\u662f v\u1ec1 nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n c\u00e1i ch\u1ebft c\u1ee7a c\u00f4. M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 nh\u00e0 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u cho r\u1eb1ng c\u00e1c v\u1ebft n\u1ee9t c\u1ee7a c\u00f4 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 do ng\u00e3 t\u1eeb tr\u00ean c\u00e2y xu\u1ed1ng, trong khi nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c l\u1eadp lu\u1eadn r\u1eb1ng ch\u00fang c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 x\u1ea3y ra sau khi ch\u1ebft. Ngo\u00e0i ra, c\u00e1c nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u g\u1ea7n \u0111\u00e2y \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ec9 ra r\u1eb1ng Lucy c\u00f3 c\u1eb3ng tay \u7570 th\u01b0\u1eddng kh\u1ecfe so v\u1edbi k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc c\u1ee7a c\u00f4, \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y ch\u1ec9 ra r\u1eb1ng c\u00f4 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u00e3 d\u00e0nh nhi\u1ec1u th\u1eddi gian tr\u00ean c\u00e2y.<\/p>\n\n

Tranh c\u00e3i v\u00e0 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u \u0111ang di\u1ec5n ra<\/h2>\n\n

Vi\u1ec7c gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch d\u1ea5u ch\u00e2n Laetoli \u0111\u00e3 g\u00e2y ra tranh c\u00e3i trong gi\u1edbi khoa h\u1ecdc. M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 chuy\u00ean gia\u8d28\u7591 nh\u00f3m nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u v\u1ec1 k\u1ebft lu\u1eadn c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 d\u1ecb h\u00ecnh gi\u1edbi t\u00ednh, v\u1edbi l\u1eadp lu\u1eadn r\u1eb1ng tu\u1ed5i c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u1ea1o ra d\u1ea5u ch\u00e2n l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh. B\u1ea5t ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eefng tranh c\u00e3i n\u00e0y, vi\u1ec7c ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n ra nh\u1eefng d\u1ea5u ch\u00e2n m\u1edbi \u0111\u00e3 cung c\u1ea5p r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u th\u00f4ng tin m\u1edbi v\u1ec1 h\u00e0nh vi v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u1ef1c x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng t\u1ed5 ti\u00ean \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta.<\/p>\n\n

C\u00e1c cu\u1ed9c khai qu\u1eadt trong t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ti\u1ebft l\u1ed9 ti\u1ec1m t\u00e0ng<\/h2>\n\n

C\u00e1c d\u1ea5u ch\u00e2n \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n trong ba chi\u1ebfn h\u00e0o nh\u1ecf v\u00e0 c\u00e1c cu\u1ed9c khai qu\u1eadt trong t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai t\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ecba \u0111i\u1ec3m Laetoli d\u1ef1 ki\u1ebfn s\u1ebd ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n ra nhi\u1ec1u di t\u00edch h\u01a1n c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi ti\u1ec1n s\u1eed n\u00e0y. Nh\u1eefng kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 trong t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai n\u00e0y h\u1ee9a h\u1eb9n s\u1ebd l\u00e0m s\u00e1ng t\u1ecf th\u00eam v\u1ec1 cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng v\u00e0 qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh ti\u1ebfn h\u00f3a c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi h\u1ecd h\u00e0ng c\u1ed5 \u0111\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta.<\/p>\n\n

T\u1ea7m quan tr\u1ecdng c\u1ee7a d\u1ea5u ch\u00e2n Laetoli<\/h2>\n\n

D\u1ea5u ch\u00e2n Laetoli kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng m\u1eabu v\u1eadt khoa h\u1ecdc \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t m\u00e0 c\u00f2n c\u00f3 \u00fd ngh\u0129a to l\u1edbn \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta v\u1ec1 qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh ti\u1ebfn h\u00f3a c\u1ee7a lo\u00e0i ng\u01b0\u1eddi. Ch\u00fang cung c\u1ea5p m\u1ed9t c\u00e1i nh\u00ecn tho\u00e1ng qua hi\u1ebfm hoi v\u1ec1 cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng t\u1ed5 ti\u00ean \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta, \u0111\u01b0a ra nh\u1eefng hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft s\u00e2u s\u1eafc v\u1ec1 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng v\u1eadn \u0111\u1ed9ng, c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i v\u00e0 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng leo tr\u00e8o c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd. Khi nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c t\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ecba \u0111i\u1ec3m n\u00e0y, ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 hy v\u1ecdng thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nhi\u1ec1u ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c h\u01a1n n\u1eefa v\u1ec1 ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c c\u1ee7a lo\u00e0i ch\u00fang ta.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

D\u1ea5u ch\u00e2n h\u00f3a th\u1ea1ch cung c\u1ea5p hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft s\u00e2u s\u1eafc v\u1ec1 t\u1ed5 ti\u00ean lo\u00e0i ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 \u0111\u1ea7u Ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n d\u1ea5u ch\u00e2n \u1edf Laetoli N\u0103m 1978, c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":6,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1022],"tags":[1908,16857,19362,1906,19363,136,19364],"class_list":["post-14423","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-anthropology","tag-australopithecus-afarensis","tag-social-structure","tag-fossil-footprints","tag-bipedalism","tag-laetoli","tag-evolution","tag-early-human-ancestors"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/14423","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/6"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=14423"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/14423\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":14424,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/14423\/revisions\/14424"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=14423"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=14423"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=14423"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}