{"id":14434,"date":"2020-06-05T15:29:36","date_gmt":"2020-06-05T15:29:36","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/?p=14434"},"modified":"2020-06-05T15:29:36","modified_gmt":"2020-06-05T15:29:36","slug":"spiritualism-origins-and-impact","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/life\/spirituality\/spiritualism-origins-and-impact\/","title":{"rendered":"Ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a duy linh: M\u1ed9t phong tr\u00e0o b\u1eaft ngu\u1ed3n t\u1eeb th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi si\u00eau nhi\u00ean"},"content":{"rendered":"

## Ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a T\u00e2m linh: Phong tr\u00e0o b\u1eaft ngu\u1ed3n t\u1eeb Si\u00eau nhi\u00ean<\/h2>\n\n

## Ch\u1ecb em nh\u00e0 Fox v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 ra \u0111\u1eddi c\u1ee7a Ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a T\u00e2m linh hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i<\/h2>\n\n

T\u1ea1i th\u1ecb tr\u1ea5n c\u1ed5 k\u00ednh Hydesville, New York, v\u00e0o n\u0103m 1848, ch\u1ecb em nh\u00e0 Fox, Margaretta v\u00e0 Kate, tuy\u00ean b\u1ed1 \u0111\u00e3 giao ti\u1ebfp v\u1edbi linh h\u1ed3n th\u00f4ng qua nh\u1eefng ti\u1ebfng g\u00f5 c\u1eeda b\u00ed \u1ea9n. C\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n phi th\u01b0\u1eddng c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd \u0111\u00e3 ch\u00e2m ng\u00f2i cho m\u1ed9t phong tr\u00e0o s\u1ebd l\u00e0m say \u0111\u1eafm h\u00e0ng tri\u1ec7u ng\u01b0\u1eddi: Ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a T\u00e2m linh.<\/p>\n\n

## Thuy\u1ebft th\u00f4i mi\u00ean, Swedenborg v\u00e0 ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c c\u1ee7a Ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a T\u00e2m linh<\/h2>\n\n

Ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a T\u00e2m linh l\u1ea5y c\u1ea3m h\u1ee9ng t\u1eeb nhi\u1ec1u h\u1ec7 t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng kh\u00e1c nhau. Franz Anton Mesmer, m\u1ed9t nh\u00e0 ch\u1eefa b\u1ec7nh th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 18, tin v\u00e0o m\u1ed9t “ch\u1ea5t l\u1ecfng t\u1eeb t\u00ednh” c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 g\u00e2y ra b\u1ec7nh t\u1eadt v\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i\u1ec1u khi\u1ec3n th\u00f4ng qua th\u00f4i mi\u00ean. Emanuel Swedenborg, m\u1ed9t nh\u00e0 th\u1ea7n b\u00ed ng\u01b0\u1eddi Th\u1ee5y \u0110i\u1ec3n, \u0111\u00e3 m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 m\u1ed9t c\u00f5i th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi b\u00ean kia, n\u01a1i c\u00e1c linh h\u1ed3n giao ti\u1ebfp v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng.<\/p>\n\n

## Andrew Jackson Davis v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng m\u1eb7c kh\u1ea3i thi\u00eang li\u00eang<\/h2>\n\n

Andrew Jackson Davis, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 “Gi\u0103ng B\u00e1p-t\u00edt c\u1ee7a Ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a T\u00e2m linh hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i”, tin r\u1eb1ng \u00f4ng \u0111\u00e3 nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00f4ng \u0111i\u1ec7p t\u1eeb linh h\u1ed3n c\u1ee7a Swedenborg. Cu\u1ed1n s\u00e1ch c\u1ee7a Davis, “Nh\u1eefng nguy\u00ean l\u00fd c\u1ee7a t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean”, d\u1ef1 \u0111o\u00e1n s\u1ef1 tr\u1ed7i d\u1eady c\u1ee7a Ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a T\u00e2m linh v\u00e0 khuy\u1ebfn kh\u00edch giao ti\u1ebfp v\u1edbi th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi linh h\u1ed3n.<\/p>\n\n

## Chuy\u1ebfn l\u01b0u di\u1ec5n c\u1ee7a ch\u1ecb em nh\u00e0 Fox v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 tr\u1ed7i d\u1eady c\u1ee7a Ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a T\u00e2m linh<\/h2>\n\n

Nh\u1eefng bu\u1ed5i tr\u00ecnh di\u1ec5n c\u00f4ng khai v\u1ec1 n\u0103ng l\u1ef1c ngo\u1ea1i c\u1ea3m c\u1ee7a ch\u1ecb em nh\u00e0 Fox \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m say \u0111\u1eafm th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 New York v\u00e0 nhi\u1ec1u n\u01a1i kh\u00e1c. Nh\u1eefng nh\u00e2n v\u1eadt n\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng, bao g\u1ed3m Horace Greeley v\u00e0 William Cullen Bryant, \u0111\u00e3 tham d\u1ef1 c\u00e1c bu\u1ed5i c\u1ea7u h\u1ed3n c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd, ch\u1ee9ng ki\u1ebfn nh\u1eefng ti\u1ebfng g\u00f5 c\u1eeda, th\u00f4ng \u0111i\u1ec7p t\u1eeb linh h\u1ed3n v\u00e0 th\u1eadm ch\u00ed c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng l\u1ea7n hi\u1ec7n h\u1ed3n ho\u00e0n ch\u1ec9nh.<\/p>\n\n

## Th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 ho\u00e0ng kim c\u1ee7a Ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a T\u00e2m linh<\/h2>\n\n

Trong th\u1eddi N\u1ed9i chi\u1ebfn, Ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a T\u00e2m linh ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd khi m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm s\u1ef1 an \u1ee7i trong ni\u1ec1m tin r\u1eb1ng nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u00e2n \u0111\u00e3 m\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd v\u1eabn c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 giao ti\u1ebfp. Phong tr\u00e0o \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ec9nh cao v\u00e0o nh\u1eefng n\u0103m 1880, v\u1edbi kho\u1ea3ng t\u00e1m tri\u1ec7u t\u00edn \u0111\u1ed3 \u1edf Hoa K\u1ef3 v\u00e0 Ch\u00e2u \u00c2u.<\/p>\n\n

## S\u1ef1 suy t\u00e0n c\u1ee7a Ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a T\u00e2m linh<\/h2>\n\n

V\u00e0o cu\u1ed1i th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 19, Ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a T\u00e2m linh ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ed1i m\u1eb7t v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 ho\u00e0i nghi v\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 tr\u00edch. Maggie Fox, m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng ch\u1ecb em ban \u0111\u1ea7u, \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f4ng khai l\u00ean \u00e1n \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t tr\u00f2 gian l\u1eadn, tuy\u00ean b\u1ed1 r\u1eb1ng c\u00f4 v\u00e0 em g\u00e1i \u0111\u00e3 gi\u1ea3 v\u1edd t\u1ea1o ra ti\u1ebfng g\u00f5 c\u1eeda. Vi\u1ec7c ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n ra m\u1ed9t b\u1ed9 x\u01b0\u01a1ng trong ng\u00f4i nh\u00e0 th\u1eddi th\u01a1 \u1ea5u c\u1ee7a ch\u1ecb em nh\u00e0 Fox c\u00e0ng l\u00e0m d\u1ea5y l\u00ean nghi ng\u1edd v\u1ec1 tuy\u00ean b\u1ed1 c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd.<\/p>\n\n

## Di s\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a Ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a T\u00e2m linh<\/h2>\n\n

M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 suy t\u00e0n, Ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a T\u00e2m linh v\u1eabn \u0111\u1ec3 l\u1ea1i t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u00e2u d\u00e0i \u0111\u1ebfn n\u1ec1n v\u0103n h\u00f3a Hoa K\u1ef3. N\u00f3 th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y ni\u1ec1m tin v\u00e0o th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi b\u00ean kia, khuy\u1ebfn kh\u00edch giao ti\u1ebfp v\u1edbi th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi si\u00eau nhi\u00ean v\u00e0 \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c phong tr\u00e0o nh\u01b0 phong tr\u00e0o \u0111\u00f2i quy\u1ec1n cho ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef. Ng\u00e0y nay, Ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a T\u00e2m linh v\u1eabn ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi theo \u0111\u1ea1o tr\u00ean kh\u1eafp th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi.<\/p>\n\n

##Ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c c\u1ee7a Ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a T\u00e2m linh hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i: C\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t b\u1ed9 x\u01b0\u01a1ng<\/h2>\n\n

Vi\u1ec7c ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n ra m\u1ed9t b\u1ed9 x\u01b0\u01a1ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi trong ng\u00f4i nh\u00e0 th\u1eddi th\u01a1 \u1ea5u c\u1ee7a ch\u1ecb em nh\u00e0 Fox v\u00e0o n\u0103m 1904 \u0111\u00e3 m\u1edf l\u1ea1i cu\u1ed9c tranh lu\u1eadn v\u1ec1 t\u00ednh x\u00e1c th\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd. M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 ng\u01b0\u1eddi tin r\u1eb1ng b\u1ed9 x\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u00e1n rong b\u1ecb s\u00e1t h\u1ea1i, ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c cho l\u00e0 \u0111\u00e3 giao ti\u1ebfp v\u1edbi c\u00e1c ch\u1ecb em. Tuy nhi\u00ean, c\u00e1c cu\u1ed9c kh\u00e1m nghi\u1ec7m sau \u0111\u00f3 cho th\u1ea5y nh\u1eefng b\u1ed9 x\u01b0\u01a1ng r\u1ea5t c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p gi\u1eefa h\u00e0i c\u1ed1t ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u1eadt, do m\u1ed9t k\u1ebb ch\u01a1i kh\u0103m \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ea1o ra.<\/p>\n\n

## Ng\u00f4i nh\u00e0 th\u1eddi th\u01a1 \u1ea5u c\u1ee7a ch\u1ecb em nh\u00e0 Fox: Ng\u00f4i nh\u00e0 ma \u00e1m<\/h2>\n\n

Ng\u00f4i nh\u00e0 th\u1eddi th\u01a1 \u1ea5u c\u1ee7a ch\u1ecb em nh\u00e0 Fox, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 “Ng\u00f4i nh\u00e0 ma \u00e1m”, \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t \u0111i\u1ec3m du l\u1ecbch n\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng. Du kh\u00e1ch t\u00ecm \u0111\u1ebfn n\u01a1i di\u1ec5n ra c\u00e1c bi\u1ec3u hi\u1ec7n t\u00e2m linh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c cho l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec3 hy v\u1ecdng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tr\u1ea3i nghi\u1ec7m th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi si\u00eau nhi\u00ean t\u1eadn m\u1eaft. Tuy nhi\u00ean, danh ti\u1ebfng v\u1ec1 ng\u00f4i nh\u00e0 ma \u00e1m c\u1ee7a n\u01a1i n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 phai nh\u1ea1t d\u1ea7n theo th\u1eddi gian.<\/p>\n\n

## Ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a T\u00e2m linh v\u00e0 Ti\u1ebfng g\u00f5 \u1edf Rochester<\/h2>\n\n

Nh\u1eefng tuy\u00ean b\u1ed1 c\u1ee7a ch\u1ecb em nh\u00e0 Fox v\u1ec1 vi\u1ec7c giao ti\u1ebfp v\u1edbi c\u00e1c linh h\u1ed3n th\u00f4ng qua ti\u1ebfng g\u00f5 c\u1eeda \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 “Nh\u1eefng ti\u1ebfng g\u00f5 \u1edf Rochester”. Nh\u1eefng \u00e2m thanh n\u00e0y, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 l\u00e0 ti\u1ebfng th\u00ecnh th\u1ecbch v\u00e0 ti\u1ebfng g\u00f5 ri\u00eang bi\u1ec7t, \u0111\u00e3 khi\u1ebfn c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u tra kinh ng\u1ea1c v\u00e0 b\u1ed1i r\u1ed1i. Trong khi m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 ng\u01b0\u1eddi cho r\u1eb1ng \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 do c\u00e1c th\u1ebf l\u1ef1c si\u00eau nhi\u00ean, nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c l\u1ea1i nghi ng\u1edd c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 gian l\u1eadn ho\u1eb7c hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u00e2m l\u00fd.<\/p>\n\n

## Phong tr\u00e0o T\u00e2m linh \u1edf Hoa K\u1ef3<\/h2>\n\n

Ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a T\u00e2m linh lan truy\u1ec1n nhanh ch\u00f3ng kh\u1eafp Hoa K\u1ef3, thu h\u00fat h\u00e0ng tri\u1ec7u t\u00edn \u0111\u1ed3. N\u00f3 mang \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 an \u1ee7i khi \u0111\u1ed1i m\u1eb7t v\u1edbi c\u00e1i ch\u1ebft, hy v\u1ecdng v\u1ec1 m\u1ed9t th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi b\u00ean kia t\u1ed1t \u0111\u1eb9p h\u01a1n v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t c\u1ea3m gi\u00e1c k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i v\u1edbi th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi v\u00f4 h\u00ecnh. Nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi theo Ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a T\u00e2m linh th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 th\u1edd, t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c c\u00e1c bu\u1ed5i c\u1ea7u h\u1ed3n v\u00e0 xu\u1ea5t b\u1ea3n nhi\u1ec1u s\u00e1ch b\u00e1o.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

## Ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a T\u00e2m linh: Phong tr\u00e0o b\u1eaft ngu\u1ed3n t\u1eeb Si\u00eau nhi\u00ean ## Ch\u1ecb em nh\u00e0 Fox v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 ra \u0111\u1eddi c\u1ee7a Ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a T\u00e2m linh hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i T\u1ea1i th\u1ecb…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[991],"tags":[5858,19372,27,19373,1903,6501,837],"class_list":["post-14434","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-spirituality","tag-afterlife","tag-fox-sisters","tag-history","tag-seances","tag-supernatural","tag-spiritualism","tag-religion"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/14434","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/3"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=14434"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/14434\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":14435,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/14434\/revisions\/14435"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=14434"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=14434"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=14434"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}