{"id":14488,"date":"2023-11-03T23:28:02","date_gmt":"2023-11-03T23:28:02","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/?p=14488"},"modified":"2023-11-03T23:28:02","modified_gmt":"2023-11-03T23:28:02","slug":"animal-genome-sequencing-criteria-benefits-challenges","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/science\/biology\/animal-genome-sequencing-criteria-benefits-challenges\/","title":{"rendered":"C\u00e1c nh\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh gi\u1ea3i tr\u00ecnh t\u1ef1 b\u1ed9 gen c\u1ee7a lo\u00e0i \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u1eadt n\u00e0o"},"content":{"rendered":"<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">C\u00e1c nh\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh gi\u1ea3i tr\u00ecnh t\u1ef1 b\u1ed9 gen c\u1ee7a lo\u00e0i \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u1eadt n\u00e0o<\/h2>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Ti\u00eau ch\u00ed l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn<\/h2>\n\n<p>Vi\u1ec7c l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn gi\u1ea3i tr\u00ecnh t\u1ef1 b\u1ed9 gen c\u1ee7a lo\u00e0i \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u1eadt n\u00e0o l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p. Kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n duy nh\u1ea5t n\u00e0o h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh n\u00e0y. Thay v\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3, c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc c\u00e2n nh\u1eafc m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1t c\u00e1c y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1, bao g\u1ed3m:<\/p>\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Nh\u1eefng l\u1ee3i \u00edch ti\u1ec1m n\u0103ng \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe con ng\u01b0\u1eddi:<\/strong> M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 b\u1ed9 gen \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u1eadt \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1ea3i tr\u00ecnh t\u1ef1 v\u00ec ch\u00fang c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ch\u1ee9a manh m\u1ed1i \u0111\u1ec3 hi\u1ec3u v\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u tr\u1ecb c\u00e1c b\u1ec7nh \u1edf ng\u01b0\u1eddi. V\u00ed d\u1ee5, b\u1ed9 gen c\u1ee7a lo\u00e0i chu\u1ed9t n\u00e2u \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1ea3i tr\u00ecnh t\u1ef1 m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ec3 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ch\u1ed1ng l\u1ea1i m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 lo\u1ea1i ung th\u01b0 c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang.<\/li>\n<li><strong>S\u1ef1 hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft khoa h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 l\u1ecbch s\u1eed:<\/strong> B\u1ed9 gen \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u1eadt c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 cung c\u1ea5p th\u00f4ng tin c\u00f3 gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb v\u1ec1 qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh ti\u1ebfn h\u00f3a c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 s\u1ed1ng tr\u00ean Tr\u00e1i \u0111\u1ea5t. B\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch so s\u00e1nh b\u1ed9 gen c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c lo\u00e0i kh\u00e1c nhau, c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u v\u1ec1 ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c chung c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng thay \u0111\u1ed5i th\u00edch nghi \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u00ecnh n\u00ean c\u00e1c \u0111\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m ri\u00eang bi\u1ec7t c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Thu\u1ea7n h\u00f3a v\u00e0 lai t\u1ea1o:<\/strong> B\u1ed9 gen c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c lo\u00e0i \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u1eadt \u0111\u00e3 thu\u1ea7n h\u00f3a, ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n nh\u01b0 b\u00f2 v\u00e0 l\u1ee3n, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 gi\u00fap c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u hi\u1ec3u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eefng thay \u0111\u1ed5i v\u1ec1 di truy\u1ec1n \u0111\u00e3 x\u1ea3y ra trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh thu\u1ea7n h\u00f3a. Ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 gi\u00fap \u0111\u01b0a ra c\u00e1c quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh lai t\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ec3 c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe v\u00e0 n\u0103ng su\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a v\u1eadt nu\u00f4i.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Quan h\u1ec7 c\u00f4ng ch\u00fang v\u00e0 gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c:<\/strong> Th\u1ec9nh tho\u1ea3ng, b\u1ed9 gen \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u1eadt \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1ea3i tr\u00ecnh t\u1ef1 cho m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch quan h\u1ec7 c\u00f4ng ch\u00fang ho\u1eb7c gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c. V\u00ed d\u1ee5, b\u1ed9 gen c\u1ee7a lo\u00e0i h\u1ea3i ly \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1ea3i tr\u00ecnh t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ec3 k\u1ef7 ni\u1ec7m sinh nh\u1eadt l\u1ea7n th\u1ee9 150 c\u1ee7a Canada.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">L\u1ee3i \u00edch c\u1ee7a vi\u1ec7c gi\u1ea3i tr\u00ecnh t\u1ef1 b\u1ed9 gen \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u1eadt<\/h2>\n\n<p>Vi\u1ec7c gi\u1ea3i tr\u00ecnh t\u1ef1 b\u1ed9 gen \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u1eadt mang l\u1ea1i nhi\u1ec1u l\u1ee3i \u00edch, bao g\u1ed3m:<\/p>\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n v\u1ec1 s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe con ng\u01b0\u1eddi:<\/strong> C\u00e1c m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u1eadt \u0111\u00f3ng m\u1ed9t vai tr\u00f2 quan tr\u1ecdng trong nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u y sinh h\u1ecdc. B\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u b\u1ed9 gen c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c lo\u00e0i \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u1eadt c\u00f3 chung b\u1ec7nh v\u1edbi con ng\u01b0\u1eddi, c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec3u s\u00e2u h\u01a1n v\u1ec1 nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n di truy\u1ec1n c\u1ee7a b\u1ec7nh t\u1eadt v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p \u0111i\u1ec1u tr\u1ecb m\u1edbi.<\/li>\n<li><strong>B\u1ea3o t\u1ed3n v\u00e0 \u0111a d\u1ea1ng sinh h\u1ecdc:<\/strong> Vi\u1ec7c gi\u1ea3i tr\u00ecnh t\u1ef1 b\u1ed9 gen \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u1eadt c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 gi\u00fap x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00e1c lo\u00e0i c\u00f3 nguy c\u01a1 tuy\u1ec7t ch\u1ee7ng v\u00e0 cung c\u1ea5p th\u00f4ng tin cho c\u00e1c n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c b\u1ea3o t\u1ed3n. N\u00f3 c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 cung c\u1ea5p th\u00f4ng tin v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 \u0111a d\u1ea1ng di truy\u1ec1n c\u1ee7a qu\u1ea7n th\u1ec3 v\u00e0 t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a vi\u1ec7c m\u1ea5t v\u00e0 ph\u00e2n m\u1ea3nh m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng s\u1ed1ng.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Ti\u1ebfn b\u1ed9 trong n\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p:<\/strong> B\u1ed9 gen \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u1eadt c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p ch\u0103n nu\u00f4i v\u00e0 t\u0103ng n\u0103ng su\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a gia s\u00fac. B\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00e1c gen ch\u1ecbu tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m cho c\u00e1c \u0111\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m mong mu\u1ed1n, ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n nh\u01b0 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ch\u1ed1ng ch\u1ecbu b\u1ec7nh t\u1eadt v\u00e0 t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 t\u0103ng tr\u01b0\u1edfng, ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00f4ng d\u00e2n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ch\u1ecdn c\u00e1c lo\u00e0i \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u1eadt \u0111\u1ec3 lai t\u1ea1o, nh\u1eefng lo\u00e0i \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u1eadt n\u00e0y s\u1ebd t\u1ea1o ra con c\u00e1i c\u00f3 c\u00e1c \u0111\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m thu\u1eadn l\u1ee3i nh\u1ea5t.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Nh\u1eefng th\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c v\u00e0 ti\u1ebfn b\u1ed9 trong vi\u1ec7c gi\u1ea3i tr\u00ecnh t\u1ef1 b\u1ed9 gen \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u1eadt<\/h2>\n\n<p>Gi\u1ea3i tr\u00ecnh t\u1ef1 b\u1ed9 gen \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u1eadt l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea7y th\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c. M\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng th\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 quy m\u00f4 l\u1edbn c\u1ee7a b\u1ed9 gen \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u1eadt. V\u00ed d\u1ee5, b\u1ed9 gen c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u1ee9a h\u01a1n 3 t\u1ef7 c\u1eb7p base DNA. Gi\u1ea3i tr\u00ecnh t\u1ef1 m\u1ed9t b\u1ed9 gen l\u1edbn nh\u01b0 v\u1eady \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi c\u00e1c thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb chuy\u00ean d\u1ee5ng v\u00e0 ngu\u1ed3n l\u1ef1c \u0111i\u1ec7n to\u00e1n.<\/p>\n\n<p>Tuy nhi\u00ean, nh\u1eefng ti\u1ebfn b\u1ed9 \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3 trong c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 gi\u1ea3i tr\u00ecnh t\u1ef1 \u0111\u00e3 gi\u00fap vi\u1ec7c gi\u1ea3i tr\u00ecnh t\u1ef1 b\u1ed9 gen \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u1eadt tr\u1edf n\u00ean nhanh h\u01a1n v\u00e0 ti\u1ebft ki\u1ec7m h\u01a1n nhi\u1ec1u so v\u1edbi tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00e2y. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 gia t\u0103ng \u0111\u1ed9t bi\u1ebfn v\u1ec1 s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng b\u1ed9 gen \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u1eadt \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1ea3i tr\u00ecnh t\u1ef1 trong nh\u1eefng n\u0103m g\u1ea7n \u0111\u00e2y. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y s\u1ebd cung c\u1ea5p cho c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc m\u1ed9t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng l\u1edbn d\u1eef li\u1ec7u m\u1edbi \u0111\u1ec3 kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 v\u00e0 ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn s\u1ebd d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u1eefng kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 mang t\u00ednh \u0111\u1ed9t ph\u00e1.<\/p>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">C\u00e1c c\u00e2n nh\u1eafc v\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c<\/h2>\n\n<p>Vi\u1ec7c gi\u1ea3i tr\u00ecnh t\u1ef1 b\u1ed9 gen \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u1eadt \u0111\u1eb7t ra m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 c\u00e2n nh\u1eafc v\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c. M\u1ed9t m\u1ed1i quan t\u00e2m l\u00e0 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng th\u00f4ng tin di truy\u1ec1n b\u1ecb s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng sai ho\u1eb7c b\u1ecb ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed1i x\u1eed. V\u00ed d\u1ee5, th\u00f4ng tin v\u1ec1 khuynh h\u01b0\u1edbng di truy\u1ec1n c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 b\u1ec7nh nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1eeb ch\u1ed1i b\u1ea3o hi\u1ec3m ho\u1eb7c vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd.<\/p>\n\n<p>M\u1ed9t m\u1ed1i quan t\u00e2m v\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c kh\u00e1c l\u00e0 t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a vi\u1ec7c gi\u1ea3i tr\u00ecnh t\u1ef1 b\u1ed9 gen \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u1eadt \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi ch\u00ednh nh\u1eefng lo\u00e0i \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u1eadt \u0111\u00f3. M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u1eadp lu\u1eadn r\u1eb1ng vi\u1ec7c gi\u1ea3i tr\u00ecnh t\u1ef1 b\u1ed9 gen c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c lo\u00e0i c\u00f3 nguy c\u01a1 tuy\u1ec7t ch\u1ee7ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 khi\u1ebfn ch\u00fang c\u00f3 nguy c\u01a1 b\u1ecb khai th\u00e1c ho\u1eb7c g\u00e2y h\u1ea1i nhi\u1ec1u h\u01a1n.<\/p>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">C\u00e1c h\u01b0\u1edbng nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u trong t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai v\u1ec1 l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c di truy\u1ec1n h\u1ecdc \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u1eadt<\/h2>\n\n<p>Nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u v\u1ec1 di truy\u1ec1n h\u1ecdc \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u1eadt l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c \u0111ang ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n nhanh ch\u00f3ng v\u1edbi ti\u1ec1m n\u0103ng c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng h\u00f3a s\u1ef1 hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta v\u1ec1 th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean v\u00e0 c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe v\u00e0 h\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi. Trong nh\u1eefng n\u0103m t\u1edbi, ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 mong \u0111\u1ee3i nh\u1eefng ti\u1ebfn b\u1ed9 li\u00ean t\u1ee5c trong c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 gi\u1ea3i tr\u00ecnh t\u1ef1, d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn vi\u1ec7c gi\u1ea3i tr\u00ecnh t\u1ef1 b\u1ed9 gen c\u1ee7a nhi\u1ec1u lo\u00e0i \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u1eadt h\u01a1n n\u1eefa. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y s\u1ebd cung c\u1ea5p cho c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc m\u1ed9t ngu\u1ed3n d\u1eef li\u1ec7u m\u1edbi kh\u1ed5ng l\u1ed3 \u0111\u1ec3 kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 v\u00e0 ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn s\u1ebd d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u1eefng kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 mang t\u00ednh \u0111\u1ed9t ph\u00e1.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>C\u00e1c nh\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh gi\u1ea3i tr\u00ecnh t\u1ef1 b\u1ed9 gen c\u1ee7a lo\u00e0i \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u1eadt n\u00e0o Ti\u00eau ch\u00ed l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn Vi\u1ec7c l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn gi\u1ea3i tr\u00ecnh t\u1ef1 b\u1ed9 gen c\u1ee7a lo\u00e0i&hellip;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[288],"tags":[1867,19450,188,1560,147,136],"class_list":["post-14488","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-biology","tag-biotechnology","tag-animal-genomics","tag-genetics","tag-genome-sequencing","tag-health","tag-evolution"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/14488","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=14488"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/14488\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":14489,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/14488\/revisions\/14489"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=14488"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=14488"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=14488"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}